Neurocognitive Mechanisms
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Neurocognitive Mechanisms
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Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020-10-08
Neurocognitive Mechanisms written by Gualtiero Piccinini and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-08 with Philosophy categories.
Gualtiero Piccinini presents a systematic and rigorous philosophical defence of the computational theory of cognition. His view posits that cognition involves neural computation within multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, and includes novel ideas about ontology, functions, neural representation, neural computation, and consciousness.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Attention
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Author : Golnaz Baghdadi
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-03-16
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Attention written by Golnaz Baghdadi and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-16 with Medical categories.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Attention: Computational Models, Physiology, and Disease States describes the brain mechanisms underlying the attention control system, how those mechanisms are examined, how they operate in different disease states, and methods for improving them. Conceptual models of attention further explore their functional operation. Coverage includes the different types of attention, processing paths, brain anatomy, and attention’s role in memory and movement. Factors affecting attention are explored including nutrition, exercise, and genetics. Neurocognitive disorders impacting attention are discussed including autism, ADHD, OCD, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. Assessment methods and treatments are uniquely set against the backdrop of current conceptual, computational, and oscillatory-based models to encourage researchers to pursue continued development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Examines brain mechanisms underlying different types of attention Explores how nutrition, exercise, genetics and more impact attention Identifies impact on attention of neurocognitive diseases and disorders Includes therapeutic advances to improve attention Provides computational models via companion website
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Creativity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Creativity written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms
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Author : Gualtiero Piccinini
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-11-12
Neurocognitive Mechanisms written by Gualtiero Piccinini and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-12 with Science categories.
In Neurocognitive Mechanisms Gualtiero Piccinini presents the most systematic, rigorous, and comprehensive philosophical defence to date of the computational theory of cognition. His view posits that cognition involves neural computation within multilevel neurocognitive mechanisms, and includes novel ideas about ontology, functions, neural representation, neural computation, and consciousness. He begins by defending an ontologically egalitarian account of composition and realization, according to which all levels are equally real. He then explicates multiple realizability and mechanisms within this ontologically egalitarian framework, defends a goal-contribution account of teleological functions, and defends a mechanistic version of functionalism. This provides the foundation for a mechanistic account of computation, which in turn clarifies the ways in which the computational theory of cognition is a multilevel mechanistic theory supported by contemporary cognitive neuroscience. Piccinini argues that cognition is computational at least in a generic sense. He defends the computational theory of cognition from standard objections, yet also rebuts putative a priori arguments. He contends that the typical vehicles of neural computations are representations, and that, contrary to the received view, the representations posited by the computational theory of cognition are observable and manipulatable in the laboratory. He also contends that neural computations are neither digital nor analog; instead, neural computations are sui generis. He concludes by investigating the relation between computation and consciousness, suggesting that consciousness may be a functional phenomenon without being computational in nature. This book will be of interest to philosophers of cognitive science as well as neuroscientists.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Type 1 And Type 2 Decision Making Processes
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Author : Chad Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Type 1 And Type 2 Decision Making Processes written by Chad Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
In an attempt to understand how humans make decisions, a wealth of researchers have explored the commonalities of different decision making demands. Two ranges of systems have been classified. Whereas Type 1 decision making is fast, automatic, and effortless, Type 2 judgments are slow, contemplative, and effortful. Here, I sought to determine underlying mechanisms of these processes. To do this, I present an extensive review and two electroencephalogram experiments. My review addresses theoretical models defining Type 1 and Type 2 decision making, discusses the debate between dual-process and continuous frameworks, proposes a novel insight into how these processes are selected and executed, and outlines neuro-anatomical findings. In one experiment, participants retained digits (Type 1 processes) and completed mathematical computations (Type 2 processes). I found that cognitive control - as reflected by frontal theta - and attentional mechanisms - as reflected by parietal alpha - are core mechanisms in Type 1 and Type 2 decision making. In a second experiment, I sought to replicate these findings when trained students diagnosed diseases. Differences in theta and alpha activity were not seen. I posit that the discrepancy between experiments may be because cognitive control relies on uncertainty which existed in experiment one but not experiment two. Moreover, attentional mechanisms involve the retrieval of knowledge in which the demands would have differed in experiment one but not two. I conclude by describing how cognitive control and attention fit into my hypothesis of different decision making steps: process selection and execution. These findings are important as they could lead to the assessment of decision making processes in real-world contexts, for example with clinicians in the hospital. Moreover, they could be used in biofeedback training to optimize decisions.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Performance Monitoring And Inhibitory Control
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Author : Klaas Richard Ridderinkhof
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Of Performance Monitoring And Inhibitory Control written by Klaas Richard Ridderinkhof and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Movement Based Embodied Contemplative Practices
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Author : Laura Schmalzl
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-07-05
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Movement Based Embodied Contemplative Practices written by Laura Schmalzl and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-05 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Relative to the extensive neuroscientific work on seated meditation practices, far less studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying movement-based contemplative practices such as yoga or tai chi. Movement-based practices have, however, been found to be effective for relieving the symptoms of several clinical conditions, and to elicit measurable changes in physiological, neural, and behavioral parameters in healthy individuals. An important challenge for neuroscience is therefore to advance our understanding of the neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these observed effects, and this Research Topic aims to make a contribution in this regard. It showcases the current state of the art of investigations on movement-based practices including yoga, tai chi, the Feldenkrais Method, as well as dance. Featured contributions include empirical research, proposals of theoretical frameworks, as well as novel perspectives on a variety of issues relevant to the field. This Research Topic is the first of its kind to specifically attempt a neurophysiological and neurocognitive characterization that spans multiple mindful movement approaches, and we trust it will be of interest to basic scientists, clinical researchers, and contemplative practitioners alike.
Handbook Of Research On Evidence Based Perspectives On The Psychophysiology Of Yoga And Its Applications
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Author : Telles, Shirley
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2020-08-28
Handbook Of Research On Evidence Based Perspectives On The Psychophysiology Of Yoga And Its Applications written by Telles, Shirley and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-28 with Health & Fitness categories.
While yoga was originally intended to be practiced for spiritual growth, there is an increasing interest in applying yoga in all areas of life. It is important to understand this ancient science and way of life through as many perspectives as possible (e.g., based on biomedical engineering). As its popularity and interest grows, more practitioners want to know about the proven physiological effects and uses in healthcare. The Handbook of Research on Evidence-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga and Its Applications provides research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of yoga therapy and its physiological effects from diverse, evidence-based viewpoints. The book adds in-depth information regarding the (1) physiological effects of yoga; (2) neurobiological effects of yoga meditation; (3) psychological benefits related to yoga, such as mental wellbeing; (4) molecular changes associated with yoga practice; and (5) therapeutic applications (for lymphedema, mental health disorders, non-communicable diseases, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and trauma, among other conditions). Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as pain management, psychotherapy, and trauma treatment, this book is ideally designed for yoga practitioners, physicians, medical professionals, health experts, mental health professionals, therapists, counselors, psychologists, spiritual leaders, academicians, researchers, and students.
Self Other Control As A Candidate Neurocognitive Mechanism Of Typical And Atypical Social Cognition
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Author : Sophie Sowden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Self Other Control As A Candidate Neurocognitive Mechanism Of Typical And Atypical Social Cognition written by Sophie Sowden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Despite ever-growing interest in the 'social brain' and the search for the neural underpinnings of social cognition, we are yet to fully understand the basic neurocognitive mechanisms underlying complex social behaviours and their development. One such candidate mechanism is the control of neural representations of the self and of other people (Brass, Ruby, & Spengler, 2009; Spengler, von Cramon, & Brass, 2009a). For example, when taking another's perspective or controlling the tendency to imitate another's actions, key milestones in social cognitive development, it is necessary to control or switch between one's own self-generated representations, and representations elicited by others. Moreover, if a common, underlying neurocognitive mechanism to explain performance across social domains is found, this may shed important light on our understanding of disorders accompanied by broad social impairments. This thesis will take three main foci in its investigation of self-other control as a candidate neurocognitive mechanism of typical and atypical social cognition. Firstly, the thesis will provide an examination of behavioural indexes of self-other control using experimental tasks. Secondly, a potential neural basis for such a mechanism will be investigated using neurostimulation. Thirdly, it will be investigated whether disorders of social cognition, in particular autism, may involve atypical modulation of self and other representations (Cook & Bird, 2012; Sowden & Shah, 2014) and thus may be characterised as 'disorders of self-other control' or top-down modulation of social behaviour. Using the findings from this thesis, discussion will be introduced about the potential for training such a mechanism in order to achieve across-domain amelioration of symptoms in individuals with such a profile of social impairments.
The Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Perseveration
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Author : Jocelyn Anne Monti Ewing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
The Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Perseveration written by Jocelyn Anne Monti Ewing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Brain categories.