Neuroimaging Of Consciousness
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Neuroimaging Of Consciousness
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Author : Andrea Eugenio Cavanna
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-20
Neuroimaging Of Consciousness written by Andrea Eugenio Cavanna and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-20 with Medical categories.
Within the field of neuroscience, the past few decades have witnessed an exponential growth of research into the brain mechanisms underlying both normal and pathological states of consciousness in humans. The development of sophisticated imaging techniques to visualize and map brain activity in vivo has opened new avenues in our understanding of the pathological processes involved in common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting consciousness, such as epilepsy, coma, vegetative states, dissociative disorders, and dementia. This book presents the state of the art in neuroimaging exploration of the brain correlates of the alterations in consciousness across these conditions, with a particular focus on the potential applications for diagnosis and management. Although the book has a practical approach and is primarily targeted at neurologists, neuroradiologists, and psychiatrists, it will also serve as an essential reference for a wide range of researchers and health care professionals.
The Neurology Of Consciousness
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Author : Steven Laureys
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-08-12
The Neurology Of Consciousness written by Steven Laureys and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-12 with Medical categories.
The second edition of The Neurology of Consciousness is a comprehensive update of this ground-breaking work on human consciousness, the first book in this area to summarize the neuroanatomical and functional underpinnings of consciousness by emphasizing a lesional approach offered by the study of neurological patients. Since the publication of the first edition in 2009, new methodologies have made consciousness much more accessible scientifically, and, in particular, the study of disorders, disruptions, and disturbances of consciousness has added tremendously to our understanding of the biological basis of human consciousness. The publication of a new edition is both critical and timely for continued understanding of the field of consciousness. In this critical and timely update, revised and new contributions by internationally renowned researchers—edited by the leaders in the field of consciousness research—provide a unique and comprehensive focus on human consciousness. The new edition of The Neurobiology of Consciousness will continue to be an indispensable resource for researchers and students working on the cognitive neuroscience of consciousness and related disorders, as well as for neuroscientists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists contemplating consciousness as one of the philosophical, ethical, sociological, political, and religious questions of our time. New chapters on the neuroanatomical basis of consciousness and short-term memory, and expanded coverage of comas and neuroethics, including the ethics of brain death The first comprehensive, authoritative collection to describe disorders of consciousness and how they are used to study and understand the neural correlates of conscious perception in humans. Includes both revised and new chapters from the top international researchers in the field, including Christof Koch, Marcus Raichle, Nicholas Schiff, Joseph Fins, and Michael Gazzaniga
Between Theory And Clinic The Contribution Of Neuroimaging In The Field Of Consciousness Disorders
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Author : Olivia Gosseries
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-05-16
Between Theory And Clinic The Contribution Of Neuroimaging In The Field Of Consciousness Disorders written by Olivia Gosseries and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with categories.
The amount of patients surviving severe brain injury has gradually increased over these last decades thanks to the development of intensive care. These patients either recover quickly from coma or go through prolonged disorders of consciousness such as vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) or minimally conscious state (MCS). While patients in a minimally conscious state are to some extent aware of themselves and the environment, and show fluctuating but reproducible signs of consciousness, patients in a vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome are awake but only show reflexive behaviors. These patients are unable to communicate and present vigilance fluctuation, sensory deficits as well as severe motor and language impairments. Even though behavioral assessment currently remains the gold standard for diagnosis, a number of studies highlights the difficulty in making the distinction between conscious and unconscious patients based on clinical examinations and show a misdiagnosis rate as high as 40%. Misdiagnosis can nevertheless have serious consequences on patient’s management, medically but also ethically (i.e., regarding end-of-life decision). The emergence of functional neuroimaging techniques (such as positron emission tomography – PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging – fMRI) opened new opportunities to study brain activity in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Recent neuroimaging tools have brought new understandings on how the brain functions after coma, and how these tools can complement bedside assessment by improving diagnosis and prognosis of DOC patients. Indeed, we know now that most patients in VS/UWS present partial activation of sensory networks and impaired functional connectivity contrary to patients in MCS. The reemergence of thalamo-cortical connections has also been associated with recovery of consciousness; whereas, thalamic atrophy has been associated to chronic DOC. Recent findings have also stressed the interest of neuroimaging in the management and the treatment of these patients. fMRI has been used as brain computer interfaces to detect consciousness in unresponsive patients and to allow basic communication in minimally conscious patients. Neuroimaging techniques are also currently being used to examine the effects of potential therapy such as pharmacological medications (e.g., Amantadine or Zolpidem) and brain stimulations (e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation).
Brain Function And Responsiveness In Disorders Of Consciousness
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Author : Martin M. Monti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-11-30
Brain Function And Responsiveness In Disorders Of Consciousness written by Martin M. Monti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-30 with Medical categories.
This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of brain function and responsiveness in patients with severe disorders of consciousness. Topics considered include the mechanisms and measures of consciousness; perfusional, metabolic, and fMRI markers of responsiveness; responsiveness to pain; the role of brain–computer interface techniques; electrophysiology; cortical excitability; autonomic responsiveness; the natural history of vegetative and minimally conscious states; and prediction of outcome. Brain neuroimaging has documented residual responsiveness in the vegetative state. The scientific impact of this seminal evidence has generated a schism between neuroscience and the clinical criteria defining consciousness and responsiveness. Our current understanding of human consciousness must be reconsidered also in view of the emotional impact on the public and the far-reaching implications for diagnosis, prognosis, medical treatment, human costs, medical and individual responsibility, logistics, healthcare, ethics, etc. It is hoped that this book will help to bridge the gap between neuroscience and clinical routine.
The Boundaries Of Consciousness Neurobiology And Neuropathology
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Author : Steven Laureys
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-08-24
The Boundaries Of Consciousness Neurobiology And Neuropathology written by Steven Laureys and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-24 with Medical categories.
Consciousness is one of the most significant scientific problems today. Renewed interest in the nature of consciousness - a phenomenon long considered not to be scientifically explorable, as well as increasingly widespread availability of multimodal functional brain imaging techniques (EEG, ERP, MEG, fMRI and PET), now offer the possibility of detailed, integrated exploration of the neural, behavioral, and computational correlates of consciousness. The present volume aims to confront the latest theoretical insights in the scientific study of human consciousness with the most recent behavioral, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, pharmacological and neuropathological data on brain function in altered states of consciousness such as: brain death, coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state, locked-in syndrome, dementia, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria, general anesthesia, sleep, hypnosis, and hallucinations. The interest of this is threefold. First, patients with altered states of consciousness continue to represent a major clinical problem in terms of clinical assessment of consciousness and daily management. Second, the exploration of brain function in altered states of consciousness represents a unique lesional approach to the scientific study of consciousness and adds to the worldwide effort to identify the "neural correlate of consciousness". Third, new scientific insights in this field have major ethical and social implications regarding our care for these patients.
Brain Imaging
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Author : Robert G. Shulman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-23
Brain Imaging written by Robert G. Shulman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-23 with Medical categories.
The ability to image brain processes non-invasively has created a flood of experiments that fall into two categories—aiming to localize brain performance of abstractions like love, memory or intention—or to identify neuronal activities in response to observable behavior.
Neuroimaging Personality Social Cognition And Character
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Author : John R Absher
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-01-30
Neuroimaging Personality Social Cognition And Character written by John R Absher and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-30 with Medical categories.
Neuroimaging Personality, Social Cognition, and Character covers the science of combining brain imaging with other analytical techniques for use in understanding cognition, behavior, consciousness, memory, language, visual perception, emotional control, and other human attributes. Multidimensional brain imaging research has led to a greater understanding of character traits such as honesty, generosity, truthfulness, and foresight previously unachieved by quantitative mapping. This book summarizes the latest brain imaging research pertaining to character with structural and functional human brain imaging in both normal individuals and those with brain disease or disorder, including psychiatric disorders. By reviewing and synthesizing the latest structural and functional brain imaging research related to character, this book situates itself into the larger framework of cognitive neuroscience, psychiatric neuroimaging, related fields of research, and a wide range of academic fields, such as politics, psychology, medicine, education, law, and religion. Provides a novel innovative reference on the emerging use of neuroimaging to reveal the biological substrates of character, such as optimism, honesty, generosity, and others Features chapters from leading physicians and researchers in the field Contains full-color text that includes both an overview of multiple disciplines and a detailed review of modern neuroimaging tools as they are applied to study human character Presents an integrative volume with far-reaching implications for guiding future imaging research in the social, psychological and medical sciences, and for applying these findings to a wide range of non-clinical disciplines such as law, politics, and religion Connects brain structure and function to human character and integrates modern neuroimaging techniques and other research methods for this purpose
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness
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Author : Thomas Metzinger
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2000
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness written by Thomas Metzinger and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Consciousness categories.
This book brings together an international group of neuroscientists and philosophers who are investigating how the content of subjective experience is correlated with events in the brain. The fundamental methodological problem in consciousness research is the subjectivity of the target phenomenon--the fact that conscious experience, under standard conditions, is always tied to an individual, first-person perspective. The core empirical question is whether and how physical states of the human nervous system can be mapped onto the content of conscious experience. The search for the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has become a highly active field of investigation in recent years. Methods such as single-cell recording in monkeys and brain imaging and electrophysiology in humans, applied to such phenomena as blindsight, implicit/explicit cognition, and binocular rivalry, have generated a wealth of data. The same period has seen the development of a number of theories about NCC location. This volume brings together the leading experimentalists and theoreticians in the field. Topics include foundational and evolutionary issues, global integration, vision, consciousness and the NMDA receptor complex, neuroimaging, implicit processes, intentionality and phenomenal volition, schizophrenia, social cognition, and the phenomenal self. Contributors Jackie Andrade, Ansgar Beckermann, David J. Chalmers, Francis Crick, Antonio R. Damasio, Gerald M. Edelman, Dominic ffytche, Hans Flohr, N.P. Franks, Vittorio Gallese, Melvyn A. Goodale, Valerie Gray Hardcastle, Beena Khurana, Christof Koch, W.R. Lieb, Erik D. Lumer, Thomas Metzinger, Kelly J. Murphy, Romi Nijhawan, Joëlle Proust, Antti Revonsuo, Gerhard Roth, Thomas Schmidt, Wolf Singer, Giulio Tononi
Coma And Disorders Of Consciousness
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Author : Caroline Schnakers
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-05
Coma And Disorders Of Consciousness written by Caroline Schnakers and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-05 with Medical categories.
In spite of medical advances and the increasing number of severely brain-injured patients, the assessment and treatment of patients recovering from coma remain challenging. For over 10 years now, the Coma Science Group has been working on the scientific exploration of disorders of consciousness, with both scientific and clinical research agendas. This book is the result of all this work. The aim is to offer both clinicians and researchers an opportunity to acquire expertise in a field which is constantly developing. Besides diagnostic, prognostic and ethical issues, this book includes well-established findings on assessment techniques (i.e., behavioral scales, electrophysiological explorations and structural/functional neuroimaging) and treatment procedures, but also techniques under development (i.e., the use of classifiers, brain-computer interfaces, transcranial magnetic stimulation or deep brain stimulation) which will stimulate ideas for future research. The Coma Science Group presents here a comprehensive book for readers, regardless of whether they are already familiar with the difficult but exciting field of disorders of consciousness.
Cognitive Neuroscience Of Consciousness
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Author : Anil Seth
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Cognitive Neuroscience Of Consciousness written by Anil Seth and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with Psychology categories.
How do conscious experience, subjectivity, and free will arise from the brain and the body? Even in the late 20th century, consciousness was considered to be beyond the reach of science. Now, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying consciousness is recognized as a key objective for 21st century science. The cognitive neuroscience of consciousness is a fundamentally multidisciplinary enterprise, involving powerful new combinations of functional brain imaging, computational modelling, theoretical innovation, and basic neurobiology. Its progress will be marked by new insights not only into the complex brain mechanisms underlying consciousness, but also by novel clinical approaches to a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. These innovations are well represented by the contents of the present volume. A target article by Victor Lamme puts forward the contentious position that neural evidence should trump evidence from behaviour and introspection, in any theory of consciousness. This article and its several commentaries advance one of the fundamental debates in consciousness science, namely whether there exists non-reportable phenomenal consciousness, perhaps dependent on local rather than global neural processes. Other articles explore the wider terrain of the new science of consciousness. For example, Maniscalco and colleagues use theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation to selectively impair metacognitive awareness; Massimini and coworkers examine changes in functional connectivity during anesthesi, and Vanhaudenhuyse et al describe innovations in detecting residual awareness following traumatic brain injury. Together, then contents of this volume exemplify the `grand challenge of consciousness' in combining transformative questions about the human condition with a tractable programme of experimental and theoretical research.