Neurological Functions Of The Masterswitch Protein Kinase Gsk 3
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Neurological Functions Of The Masterswitch Protein Kinase Gsk 3
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Author : Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Neurological Functions Of The Masterswitch Protein Kinase Gsk 3 written by Oksana Kaidanovich-Beilin and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The functions of the brain that allow us to think, feel, move, and perceive the world are the result of an exchange of information within a network composed of millions of specialized cells called neurons and glia. Neurons use neurotransmitters and other extracellular messengers to communicate with each other, and to constantly update and re-organize their network of connections in a process known as neural plasticity. In order to respond to these extracellular signals, neurons are equipped with specialized receptors that can recognize a single neurotransmitter a bit like a lock would recognize a key. They do this by activating or inhibiting a class of specialized signaling proteins and second messengers. Typically, signaling proteins are themselves organized in networks or pathways in which they activate or inhibit each other in order to integrate the mass of information received by a single cell and to regulate the biological functions of this cell. As we can see, rather than simply being a network of neurons, the brain can be seen as a sort of “Russian doll” in which each neuron is at the same time a part of networks with other neurons and the receptacle of many networks composed of signaling proteins. Two individual genes encode two paralogous signaling proteins: Glycogen Synthase Kinase -3 alpha and beta (GSK-3a, GSK-3b), named for its ability to phosphorylate a key metabolic enzyme of glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase. This unique “glamour and gloom” protein kinase, has been intriguing many researches for over 30 years by its unusual features, still unknown mechanisms of its activation, its regulation by multiple “key” intracellular pathways, and its capacity to influence the functions of many substrates. Since GSK-3 was discovered, there has been significant progress in elucidating its regulatory roles in the neuron and the structure and functions of the brain. Lithium has been used as a gold standard in the treatment of bipolar disorder for 60 years; and “GSK-3’s renaissance” in psychiatry began with the discovery of GSK-3 as lithium's intracellular target. Since then, GSK3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, ADHD, multiple sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease. Connections to these and other diseases has led over the last 10 years to the generation of multiple types of GSK-3 inhibitors as promising therapeutic treatments for the aforementioned pathological conditions. During last couple years new genetic models have been generated, including conventional and conditional mouse models, allowing the discovery of new roles of GSK-3 in the mechanism of neurotransmitter action, neurodevelopment, learning and memory formation, GSK-3’s gene - effect on mouse behavior, and other functions. Thus, GSK-3 has been well-established as an intracellular second messenger for several neurotransmitter systems, and as an important therapeutic target of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and psychomimetic drugs. The proposed Specific Topic for Frontiers in Neuroscience will be focused on the latest advances from leading laboratories in this area, subdivided into 5 topics: (1) GSK-3 history, mechanism of regulation, substrate specificity and comparison between the brain function of two GSK-3 genes through new animal models and cell biology approaches; (2) role of GSK-3 in neurodevelopment and neuronal structure; (3) involvement of GSK-3 in synaptic functions, learning and memory, and in serotonin and dopamine pathways; (4) role of GSK-3 in neuroinflammation, and application to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, AD, schizophrenia, Fragile X, brain tumors, stroke and bipolar disorder; (5) development of GSK-3 inhibitors and their application in psychiatry, including special discussion about the mechanism of lithium action.
Sfn 2010 Daily Books
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Author : Society for Neuroscience
language : en
Publisher: Coe-Truman Technologies
Release Date : 2011-02-18
Sfn 2010 Daily Books written by Society for Neuroscience and has been published by Coe-Truman Technologies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-18 with Medical categories.
Homeostatic Control Of Brain Function
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Author : Detlev Boison
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Homeostatic Control Of Brain Function written by Detlev Boison and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Medical categories.
Homeostatic Control of Brain Function offers a broad view of brain health and diverse perspectives for potential treatments, targeting key areas such as mitochondria, the immune system, epigenetic changes, and regulatory molecules such as ions, neuropeptides, and neuromodulators. Loss of homeostasis becomes expressed as a diverse array of neurological disorders. Each disorder has multiple comorbidities - with some crossing over several conditions - and often disease-specific treatments remain elusive. When current pharmacological therapies result in ineffective and inadequate outcomes, therapies to restore and maintain homeostatic functions can help improve brain health, no matter the diagnosis. Employing homeostatic therapies may lead to future cures or treatments that address multiple comorbidities. In an age where brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's are ever present, the incorporation of homeostatic techniques could successfully promote better overall brain health. Key Features include · A focus on the homeostatic controls that significantly depend on the way one lives, eats, and drinks. · Highlights from emerging research in non-pharmaceutical therapies including botanical medications, meditation, diet, and exercise. · Incorporation of homeostatic therapies into existing basic and clinical research paradigms. · Extensive scientific basic and clinical research ranging from molecules to disorders. · Emerging practical information for improving homeostasis. · Examples of homeostatic therapies in preventing and delaying dysfunction. Both editors, Detlev Boison and Susan Masino, bring their unique expertise in homeostatic research to the overall scope of this work. This book is accessible to all with an interest in brain health; scientist, clinician, student, and lay reader alike.
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Medicine categories.
Role Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Iin The Regulation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Glucose Transport And Function
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Author : Robert D. Loberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Role Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Iin The Regulation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Glucose Transport And Function written by Robert D. Loberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Genetics Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Genetics Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Genetics categories.
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action
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Author : Alan R. Saltiel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-05
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-05 with Medical categories.
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. In addition, between 17 and 40 million people have insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, or the cluster of abnormalities referred to variably as the metabolic syndrome, the dysmetabolic syndrome, syndrome X, or the insulin resistance syndrome. In all of these disorders, a central component of the pathophysiology is insulin resistance, i.e., reduced responsiveness to insulin in tissues such as muscle, fat and liver. Insulin resistance is also closely linked to other common health problems, including obesity, polycystic ovarian disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this book, we will attempt to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. We explore insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems. The book will be appealing to basic and clinical scientists.
Protein Phosphorylation In Human Health
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Author : Cai Huang
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012-09-06
Protein Phosphorylation In Human Health written by Cai Huang and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-06 with Medical categories.
15 chapters on protein phosphorylation and human health written by expert scientists. Covers most important research hot points, such as Akt, AMPK and mTOR. Bridges the basic protein phosphorylation pathways with human health and diseases. Detailed and comprehensive text with excellent figure illustration.
Cancer Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-02
Cancer Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02 with Cancer categories.
Role Of Proteases In Cellular Dysfunction
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Author : Naranjan S. Dhalla
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-22
Role Of Proteases In Cellular Dysfunction written by Naranjan S. Dhalla and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-22 with Science categories.
It is now well known that proteases are found everywhere, in viruses and bacteria as well as in all human, animal and plant cells, and play a role in a variety of biological functions ranging from digestion, fertilization, development to senescence and death. Under physiological conditions the ability of proteases is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result, as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer metastasis and tumor progression, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus it is evident that there is an absolute need for a tighter control of proteolytic activities in different cells and tissues. Aimed at graduate students and researchers with an interest in cellular proteolytic events, Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunctions is the second book on Proteases in this series. The book consists of three parts in specified topics based on current literatures for a better understanding for the readers with respect to their subject-wise interests. The first section of this book covers a brief idea about the neuronal disorders and the involvement of proteases such as calpains, caspases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The second section covers the deadly disease cancer and its relation to ubiquitin-proteasome system, MMPs and serine proteases. The last section is about the role of proteases such as calpains, MMPs and serine protease as well as urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in causing cardiovascular defects.