Neuronal Mechanics And Transport
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Neuronal Mechanics And Transport
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Author : Daniel M. Suter
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-05-26
Neuronal Mechanics And Transport written by Daniel M. Suter and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-26 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided a tremendous amount of information on signaling and cytoskeletal proteins regulating axonal and dendritic growth and guidance. However, relatively little is known about the relative contribution and role of cytoskeletal dynamics, transport of organelles and cytoskeletal components, and force generation to axonal elongation. Advancing the knowledge of these biomechanical processes is critical to better understand the development of the nervous system, the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, acute traumatic injury, and for designing novel approaches to promote neuronal regeneration following disease, stroke, or trauma. Mechanical properties and forces shape the development of the nervous system from the cellular up to the organ level. Recent advances in quantitative live cell imaging, biophysical, and nanotechnological methods such as traction force microscopy, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy have enabled researchers to gain better insights into how cytoskeletal dynamics and motor-driven transport, membrane-dynamics, adhesion, and substrate rigidity influence axonal elongation. Given the complexity and mechanical nature of this problem, mathematical modeling contributes significantly to our understanding of neuronal mechanics. Nonetheless, there has been limited direct interaction and discussions between experimentalists and theoreticians in this research area. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic is to highlight exciting, and important work that is currently developing in the fields of neuronal cell biology, neuronal mechanics, intracellular transport, and mathematical modeling in the form of primary research articles, reviews, perspectives, and commentaries.
Neuronal Mechanics And Transport
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Neuronal Mechanics And Transport written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of how axons and dendrites develop is a fundamental problem in neuroscience and a main goal of research on nervous system development and regeneration. Previous studies have provided a tremendous amount of information on signaling and cytoskeletal proteins regulating axonal and dendritic growth and guidance. However, relatively little is known about the relative contribution and role of cytoskeletal dynamics, transport of organelles and cytoskeletal components, and force generation to axonal elongation. Advancing the knowledge of these biomechanical processes is critical to better understand the development of the nervous system, the pathological progression of neurodegenerative diseases, acute traumatic injury, and for designing novel approaches to promote neuronal regeneration following disease, stroke, or trauma. Mechanical properties and forces shape the development of the nervous system from the cellular up to the organ level. Recent advances in quantitative live cell imaging, biophysical, and nanotechnological methods such as traction force microscopy, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy have enabled researchers to gain better insights into how cytoskeletal dynamics and motor-driven transport, membrane-dynamics, adhesion, and substrate rigidity influence axonal elongation. Given the complexity and mechanical nature of this problem, mathematical modeling contributes significantly to our understanding of neuronal mechanics. Nonetheless, there has been limited direct interaction and discussions between experimentalists and theoreticians in this research area. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic is to highlight exciting and important work that is currently developing in the fields of neuronal cell biology, neuronal mechanics, intracellular transport, and mathematical modeling in the form of primary research articles, reviews, perspectives, and commentaries.
A Quantitative Study Of The Axonal Transport Mechanics In Neurons
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Author : Dung Lan Che
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
A Quantitative Study Of The Axonal Transport Mechanics In Neurons written by Dung Lan Che and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Neurons are highly polarized cells with their axon often extending over large distances away from the cell bodies (up to 1 meter in axonal length with a cell body less than 50 micrometer in diameter). Given that the majority of neuronal proteins and materials are synthesized in the cell body, such a long axon precludes effective diffusion of soma-produced proteins to their presynaptic destinations at the axonal terminals. As a result, neurons rely extensively on active axonal transport to deliver newly synthesized synaptic proteins, ion channels, lipids, and mitochondria to their axonal destinations via anterograde transport. On the other hand, retrograde axonal transport is responsible for carrying molecules and organelles destined for degradation from the axonal terminals back to the cell body. A highly efficient and tightly regulated machinery is thus required for a robust long-range transport of materials to ensure the neurons' proper growth, maintenance and survival. This thesis is a quantitative study of the underlying mechanism of axonal transport, with a specific focus on the retrograde axonal transport machinery in neurons. In our experimental setup, the axonal transport of cargos can be directly visualized in real-time using a neuronal microfluidic platform and fluorescence microscopy technique. We observe that cargos have high tendency to slow down their transport speed when crossing various obstacles along the axon such as non-moving cargos and stationary mitochondria. Single molecule study of retrograde nerve growth factor transport reveals that mechanical tug-of-war and intracellular motor regulation are complementary features of the near-unidirectional endosome directionality. Specifically, a stochastic mechanical simulation suggests that the endosomes are driven on average by 5-6 active dyneins and 1-2 down-regulated kinesins. This result is further supported by a study of the dynamics of endosomes detaching under load in axons, showcasing the cooperativity of multiple dyneins and the subdued activity of kinesins. Lastly, we present a quantitative characterization of the complex behavior of light-sensitive cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) protein under blue light. The results contribute to the understanding of the light-inducible CRY2 system and can be used as a guide to establish new optogenetic strategies to probe cellular processes in live cells.
Neurons Under Tension A Study Of Vesicle Dynamics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Neurons Under Tension A Study Of Vesicle Dynamics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Axonal Transport In Neuronal Growth And Regeneration
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Author : John Elam
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Axonal Transport In Neuronal Growth And Regeneration written by John Elam and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
Over the past several years, the pace of research on the control of axonal growth has increased at a remarkable rate, and this activity is reflected in a growing literature dealing with various aspects of axonal growth and regener ation. It appears timely to review the role played by axonal transport in the intrinsic responses of neurons in the growth and regrowth processes. Through the cooperation of the senior editors of this series, we have been given the opportunity to bring such a focus to the current volume. We wish to acknowledge that the contributing authors attended a confer ence on "The Role of Axonal Transport in Neuronal Growth and Regenera tion" held in Tallahassee, Florida in March, 1983, sponsored by the Psycho biology Research Center of the Florida State University. It is our hope that many of the perceptions and insights expressed in these chapters resulted from our interactions.
Axonal Transport
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Author : Alessio Vagnoni
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2022-08-11
Axonal Transport written by Alessio Vagnoni and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-11 with Science categories.
This volume covers a wide range of model systems from invertebrate to humans and in vitro and in vivo. Chapters detail methods on squid, aplysia, xenopus, mouse in vivo, ex vivo, rodent primary neurons, human-derived neurons, zebrafish, drosophila in vivo, primary neurons, c. elegans, and in vitro reconstitution assays.Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Axonal Transport: Methods and Protocols aims to further our understanding of the trafficking of cellular components in the nervous system leading to the advancement of basic knowledge that underlines the cell biology of the neuron. The chapters “ Live imaging of RNA Transport and Translation in Xenopus Retinal Axons, Retrograde Axonal Transport of Neurotrophins in Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons, Assessment of Mitochondrial Trafficking as A Surrogate of Fast Axonal Transport in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Spinal Motor Neurons, Drosophila Primary Neuronal Cultures as a Useful Cellular Model to Study and Image Axonal Transport, and In vitro Reconstitution of Kinesin-Based, Axonal mRNA Transport” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com
Axonal Transport In Neuronal Growth And Regeneration
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Author : John Elam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-01-15
Axonal Transport In Neuronal Growth And Regeneration written by John Elam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-15 with categories.
The Use Of Axonal Transport For Studies Of Neuronal Connectivity
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Author : W. Maxwell Cowan
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology
Release Date : 1975
The Use Of Axonal Transport For Studies Of Neuronal Connectivity written by W. Maxwell Cowan and has been published by Elsevier Science & Technology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medical categories.
Studies On The Fluid Mechanics And Mass Transfer In Neural Drug Delivery
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Author : Peng Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Studies On The Fluid Mechanics And Mass Transfer In Neural Drug Delivery written by Peng Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
There are many promising treatments for neurological disorders. The work in this dissertation is aimed at addressing some of the issues associated with delivery of drugs to the brain. A major focus of this work is the study of transport phenomena of therapeutic agents through neural tissues. First, we carry out a theoretical analysis to investigate the fluid mechanics in the perivascular space (PVS). Our calculations indicate that peristaltic motion of the blood vessel walls can facilitate fluid and solute transport in the PVS. We then consider the impact of ultrasound exposure on neural drug delivery. We find that under certain conditions two acoustic waves can coexist and one of them has an extremely large penetration depth. We make a third analysis on the retro-convection-enhanced drug delivery (R-CED). The model is used to predict the pressure distribution, the fluid flow pattern, and the drug concentration profile in R-CED. The effectiveness of R-CED to achieve a large treatment volume is called into question. We make a fourth analysis to describe nanoparticle transport in the brain. We explicitly take the hydrodynamic interactions between the nanoparticles, the carrying fluid, and the brain tissue into account. We devote the fifth analysis to the solid mechanics involved in cerebral microhemorrhage. The steady-state and the time-dependent behaviors of the displacement vectors are examined. Then, we describe the design and fabrication of a microfluidic probe with a capacitive pressure sensor integrated at its tip. Such a device should be able to monitor the tip pressure in convection-enhanced drug delivery (CED) and serve as an indicator of the onset of serious backflow problems or other failures. Finally, we present the fabrication and characterization of a micromachined dissolved oxygen sensor based on solid polymer electrolyte. The small size of the whole device and the simplicity of the fabrication process make these devices promising for medical uses. Single devices are shown to have decent performances in terms of long term stability, reliability, hysteresis, linearity, and sensitivity. Variations among different devices are characterized and correlated and methods for reducing such variations are proposed.
The Role Of Intracellular Transport On Synapse Development In Neuron
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Author : Junjun Zhao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Role Of Intracellular Transport On Synapse Development In Neuron written by Junjun Zhao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Neurons categories.