Neuroplasticity And Extracellular Proteolysis
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Neuroplasticity And Extracellular Proteolysis
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Author : Jerzy W. Mozrzymas
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-05-18
Neuroplasticity And Extracellular Proteolysis written by Jerzy W. Mozrzymas and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-18 with Electronic book categories.
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to alter its structure and function in response to a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as development, cognition, injury or neurological diseases. Since more than four decades, studies on synaptic plasticity in the context of memory and learning attracted a remarkable interest. Soon after first seminal works on synaptic plasticity were published, research in this field was extended by studies on non-synaptic as wells as structural plasticity towards a goal to understand cellular and molecular determinants of cognition. Over the past two decades, yet two additional crucial players in neuroplastic phenomena started to be intensely investigated – glial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Growing awareness that glial cells, especially astrocytes, are important regulators of synaptic functions gave rise to a novel concept of a tri-partite synapse. Also, over the last two decades, a growing body of evidence has accumulated that the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain is strongly involved in regulation of neurons, in particular, in synaptic plasticity. Thus, a concept of tetra-partite synapse was put forward by some neuroscientists. The cross-talk between neuron-glia-ECM system involves enzymatic degradation of proteins or peptides and amino acids occurring in each of these brain constituents by means of a variety of proteases. Importantly, it has been realized that proteases such as serine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases, not only accompany “robust” phenomena such as cell division, or development or neurodegnerative conditions but may play a very subtle signaling functions, particularly important in memory acquisition. Indeed, the repertoire of substrates for these enzymes covers a wide variety of proteins known to play important role in the neuroplastic phenomena (e.g. BDNF, TNF-a, ephrin systems, various cell adhesion molecules, etc.). In result, the role of metalloproteinases and such serine proteases as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), neuropsin or neurotrypsin in synaptic plasticity as well as in learning and memory has been particularly well demonstrated. It needs to be emphasized, however, that in spite of a remarkable progress in this field, several basic questions regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unanswered. Potential involvement of so many important players (various proteases and their substrates in neurons, glia and in ECM) points to an enormous potential for plasticity phenomena but makes also studies into underlying mechanisms particularly difficult. In the proposed Research Topic we provide both review of the current state of the art and present some original reports on specific aspects of the role of proteolysis in neuroplasticity phenomena. The present ebook starts with extensive reviews describing involvement of proteolysis not only in synaptic plasticity but also in regulating endogenous excitability and structural changes at the network, cellular and subcellular levels. Cross-talk between neuroplasticity and proteolysis is also emphasized in the context of development and in relation to various pathologies. Whereas in the first part of the present ebook, the major focus is on metalloproteinases, the successive articles address the role of neuropsin and thrombin. The Research Topic is concluded with a series of articles describing the components of extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins and their elaboration by mechanisms dependent directly or indirectly on proteolysis. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations into neuroplasticity-proteolysis cross-talk.
Neuroplasticity And Extracellular Proteolysis
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Neuroplasticity And Extracellular Proteolysis written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the Central Nervous System (CNS) to alter its structure and function in response to a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as development, cognition, injury or neurological diseases. Since more than four decades, studies on synaptic plasticity in the context of memory and learning attracted a remarkable interest. Soon after first seminal works on synaptic plasticity were published, research in this field was extended by studies on non-synaptic as wells as structural plasticity towards a goal to understand cellular and molecular determinants of cognition. Over the past two decades, yet two additional crucial players in neuroplastic phenomena started to be intensely investigated - glial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Growing awareness that glial cells, especially astrocytes, are important regulators of synaptic functions gave rise to a novel concept of a tri-partite synapse. Also, over the last two decades, a growing body of evidence has accumulated that the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain is strongly involved in regulation of neurons, in particular, in synaptic plasticity. Thus, a concept of tetra-partite synapse was put forward by some neuroscientists. The cross-talk between neuron-glia-ECM system involves enzymatic degradation of proteins or peptides and amino acids occurring in each of these brain constituents by means of a variety of proteases. Importantly, it has been realized that proteases such as serine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases, not only accompany "robust" phenomena such as cell division, or development or neurodegnerative conditions but may play a very subtle signaling functions, particularly important in memory acquisition. Indeed, the repertoire of substrates for these enzymes covers a wide variety of proteins known to play important role in the neuroplastic phenomena (e.g. BDNF, TNF-a, ephrin systems, various cell adhesion molecules, etc.). In result, the role of metalloproteinases and such serine proteases as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), neuropsin or neurotrypsin in synaptic plasticity as well as in learning and memory has been particularly well demonstrated. It needs to be emphasized, however, that in spite of a remarkable progress in this field, several basic questions regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unanswered. Potential involvement of so many important players (various proteases and their substrates in neurons, glia and in ECM) points to an enormous potential for plasticity phenomena but makes also studies into underlying mechanisms particularly difficult. In the proposed Research Topic we provide both review of the current state of the art and present some original reports on specific aspects of the role of proteolysis in neuroplasticity phenomena. The present ebook starts with extensive reviews describing involvement of proteolysis not only in synaptic plasticity but also in regulating endogenous excitability and structural changes at the network, cellular and subcellular levels. Cross-talk between neuroplasticity and proteolysis is also emphasized in the context of development and in relation to various pathologies. Whereas in the first part of the present ebook, the major focus is on metalloproteinases, the successive articles address the role of neuropsin and thrombin. The Research Topic is concluded with a series of articles describing the components of extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins and their elaboration by mechanisms dependent directly or indirectly on proteolysis. We do hope that the present ebook will further stimulate the interest in the fascinating investigations into neuroplasticity-proteolysis cross-talk.
Experience Dependent Neuroplasticity Across The Lifespan From Risk To Resilience
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Author : Erica R. Glasper
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-04-04
Experience Dependent Neuroplasticity Across The Lifespan From Risk To Resilience written by Erica R. Glasper and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-04 with categories.
Risk and resilience determine the impact of environmental exposures on outcomes from both physical and psychological challenges. This collection considers the factors which dictate risk and resilience and both the endogenous and environmental influences that can set the tone for responses to later life exposures.
Composition And Function Of The Extracellular Matrix In The Human Body
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Author : Francesco Travascio
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-06-15
Composition And Function Of The Extracellular Matrix In The Human Body written by Francesco Travascio and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-15 with Science categories.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an ensemble of non-cellular components present within all tissues and organs of the human body. The ECM provides structural support for scaffolding cellular constituents and biochemical and biomechanical support for those events leading to tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. Essential components of all ECMs are water, proteins and polysaccharides. However, their composition, architecture and bioactivity greatly vary from tissue to tissue in relation to the specific role the ECM is required to assume. This book overviews the role of the ECM in different tissues and organs of the human body.
Neuroplasticity
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Author : Angelo Quartarone
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-01-14
Neuroplasticity written by Angelo Quartarone and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-14 with Science categories.
Neuroplasticity: From Bench to Bedside, Volume 184 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary guide to neuroplasticity. Sections summarize the basic mechanisms of neuroplasticity, focus on neuroplasticity in movement disorders, discuss brain oscillations in neurological disorders, segue into plasticity in neurorehabilitation, and cover issues of inflammation and autoimmunity in neuroplasticity. The book concludes with a section on neuroplasticity and psychiatric disorders. Covers basic mechanisms and clinical treatment approaches in neurological disorders Includes inflammation, autoimmunity, genetics, neurophysiology, and more Encompasses stroke, Alzheimer’s, movement and psychiatric disorders Provides tools for enhancing recovery
Synaptic Plasticity
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Author : Michael R. Kreutz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-02-18
Synaptic Plasticity written by Michael R. Kreutz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-18 with Medical categories.
This book introduces the current concepts of molecular mechanisms in synaptic plasticity and provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge research technology used to investigate the molecular dynamics of the synapses. It explores current concepts on activity-dependent remodeling of the synaptic cytoskeleton and presents the latest ideas on the different forms of plasticity in synapses and dendrites. Synaptic Plasticity in Health and Disease not only supplies readers with extensive knowledge on the latest developments in research, but also with important information on clinical and applied aspects. Changes in spine synapses in different brain disease states, so-called synaptopathies, are explained and described by experts in the field. By outlining basic research findings as well as physiological and pathophysiological impacts on synaptic plasticity, the book represents an essential state-of-the-art work for scientists in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology and the neurosciences, as well as for doctors in neurology and psychiatry alike.
Learning And Memory
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Author : Michael A. Yassa
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-01-11
Learning And Memory written by Michael A. Yassa and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-11 with Science categories.
Toward A Theory Of Neuroplasticity
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Author : Christopher A. Shaw
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-03-07
Toward A Theory Of Neuroplasticity written by Christopher A. Shaw and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-07 with Psychology categories.
This book provides a broad survey of many of the major areas in neuroplasticity research by leading investigators in the field. The topics considered range across all levels of nervous system organization from the molecular to behavioral levels for species ranging from C. elegans to humans. In addition, the effects of development and neuropathological events are discussed. A final summary chapter synthesizes the data gathered in this volume in order to provide the basis for a general theory of neuroplasticity.
Advances In Cns Repair Regeneration And Neuroplasticity From Basic Mechanisms To Therapeutic Strategies
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Author : Shuxin Li
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-03-09
Advances In Cns Repair Regeneration And Neuroplasticity From Basic Mechanisms To Therapeutic Strategies written by Shuxin Li and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-09 with Science categories.
Transplantation Of Neural Tissue Into The Spinal Cord
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Author : Antal Nogradi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-30
Transplantation Of Neural Tissue Into The Spinal Cord written by Antal Nogradi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-30 with Medical categories.
The book gives an account of results obtained from experiments where grafts of neuronal, glial and other tissues as well as artificial materials were placed into the spinal cord. It attempts to evaluate the contributions made by these studies to our understanding of basic neurobiologies questions. These include factors that regulate neuronal growth during development as well as regenera tion following injury to the nervous system. The model of neural transplanta tion is also useful for the study of cell-to-cell interactions, and this applies to interactions between glial cells and neurones, between various populations of neuronal cells and finally between axons and skeletal muscle fibres. The mecha nisms involved in the establishment of specific synaptic connections between neurones can also be investigated in this experimental paradigm. Important in formation regarding this issue was also obtained on systems other than the spinal cord, i. e. the cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum. Although such in formation of precise connections between the host and the grafted embryonic tissue is still lacking in the spinal cord, there is much information on the re sponse of the host nervous system to the grafted embryonic tissue, and that of the graft to its new host environment. It appears that embryonic grafts are able to induce repair processes follow ing injury to the nervous system.