Neutron Interferometry
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Neutron Interferometry
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Author : Helmut Rauch
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000
Neutron Interferometry written by Helmut Rauch and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The quantum interference of DeBroglie matter waves is probably one of the most startling and fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics. It continues to tax our imaginations and leads us to new experimental windows on nature. Quantum interference phenomena are vividly displayed in the wide assembly of neutron interferometry experiments, which have been carried out since the first demonstration of a perfect silicon crystal interferometer in 1974. Since the neutron experiences all four fundamental forces of nature (strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational), interferometry with neutrons provides a fertile testing ground for theory and precision measurements. Many Gedanken experiments of quantum mechanics have become real due to neutron interferometry. This book provides the reader with a detailed account of neutron interferometry experiments. The basic ideas and experiments related to coherence properties of matter waves and various post-selection criteria, gravitationally induced phase shifts, Berry's geometrical phase, spinor symmetry and spin superposition, Aharonov-Bohm topological interference effects, and the neutron version of the Sagnac effect are presented in a self-contained and pedagogical way. Interferometry with perfect crystals, artificial lattices, and spin-echo systems are topics of this book. It includes the theoretical motivations as well as connections to other areas of experimental physics, such as quantum optics, nuclear physics, gravitation, and atom interferometry. The book is written in a style that will be suitable at the beginning graduate level, and will excite many students and researchers in neutron physics, quantum optics, and atomic physics. Lecturers teaching courses in modern physics and quantum mechanics will find a number of interesting and historic experiments they may want to include in their lectures.
Neutron Interferometry
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Author : Helmut Rauch
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2015-01-15
Neutron Interferometry written by Helmut Rauch and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-15 with Science categories.
The quantum interference of de Broglie matter waves is probably one of the most startling and fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. It continues to tax our imaginations and leads us to new experimental windows on nature. Quantum interference phenomena are vividly displayed in the wide assembly of neutron interferometry experiments, which have been carried out since the first demonstration of a perfect silicon crystal interferometer in 1974. Since the neutron experiences all four fundamental forces of nature (strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational), interferometry with neutrons provides a fertile testing ground for theory and precision measurements. Many Gedanken experiments of quantum mechanics have become real due to neutron interferometry. Quantum mechanics is a part of physics where experiment and theory are inseparably intertwined. This general theme permeates the second edition of this book. It discusses more than 40 neutron interferometry experiments along with their theoretical motivations and explanations. The basic ideas and results of interference experiments related to coherence and decoherence of matter waves and certain post-selection variations, gravitationally induced quantum phase shifts, Berry`s geometrical phases, spinor symmetry and spin superposition, and Bell's inequalities are all discussed and explained in this book. Both the scalar and vector Aharonov-Bohm topological interference effects and the neutron version of the Sagnac effect are presented in a self-contained and pedagogical way. Interferometry with perfect crystals, artificial lattices, and spin-echo systems are also topics of this book. It includes the theoretical underpinning as well as connections to other areas of experimental physics, such as quantum optics, nuclear physics, gravitation, and atom interferometry. The observed phase shifts due to the Earth's gravity and rotation indicate a close connection to relativity theory. Neutron interferometry can be considered as a central technique of quantum optics with massive particles. It has stimulated the development of interferometry with atoms, molecules and clusters. The book is written in a style that will be suitable at the senior undergraduate and beginning of graduate level. It will interest and excite many students and researchers in neutron, nuclear, quantum, gravitational, optical, and atomic physics. Lecturers teaching courses in modern physics and quantum mechanics will find a number of interesting and historic experiments they may want to include in their lectures.
Quantum Information Enabled Neutron Interferometry
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Author : Joachim Nsofini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Quantum Information Enabled Neutron Interferometry written by Joachim Nsofini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Interferometry, Neutron categories.
Neutron interferometry with its ability to encode and extract information provides a test bed for quantum mechanics and precise measurement of physical quantities of significant importance in physics. However, this significant key investigative technique is weakened by its very fragile nature; neutron interferometry has proven to be highly sensitive to environmental noise. Once brought to its optimal state, the use of neutron interferometry enabled with quantum information, represents a milestone. Indeed a realization of high-quality neutron interferometry could pave a way to probe materials research such as probing properties water in proteins and topological materials. Thus understanding and solving the sensitivity of neutron interferometers to noise is a key step toward possible applications. This is the core of the work done in this Thesis. We incorporated two theoretical techniques developed for quantum information sciences into the construction of a new polarized neutron interferometry beam line: The technique of quantum error correction and the technique of open quantum system. One focus of this work is to report on the design, the construction as well as the characteristic features of this beamline. This thesis involves experimental data, showing how the neutron beam intensity at the exit of a three-blade neutron interferometer can be controlled by the interferometer blades thickness. Secondly, is also presents an alternative and simplified quantum information approach to dynamical diffraction, based on repeated application of a coherent beam- splitting unitary at coarse-grained lattice sites. Demanding translational invariance added to a computationally tractable number of sites in the coarse-graining reproduced many results typical of standard dynamical diffraction theory and experiments. Building on that, a proposal for a new five-blade neutron interferometer is presented and its robustness to noise, resulting from dynamical diffraction together with low-frequency external mechanical vibration is discussed. Steps ahead in our work, neutron interferometry may be improved as well as adapted to more applications by incorporating the spin and orbital degrees of freedom to a path-based ivinterferometer. In this concern, we propose a method to prepare the spin-orbit state by passing a polarized neutron beam through a quadrupole magnetic field. Initially designed for a beam the size of a coherent length, we extend this method to work for spatially displaced beams by using linear magnetic gradients.
Neutron Interferometry Experiments At Nist
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Author : Keary Schoen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Neutron Interferometry Experiments At Nist written by Keary Schoen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Interferometry, Neutron categories.
In this thesis four coherent neutron scattering length experiments utilizing neutron interferometry are described; in addition, theoretical calculations relating to the scattering length are discussed. In the first chapter, the history leading up to the development of the neutron interferometer is given, and the fundamentals of dynamical diffraction are discussed. In the second chapter, the theory of dynamical diffraction is applied to the neutron interferometer to describe its function. Following this, the third chapter describes the equipment and laboratory in which the experiments were performed. The first two scattering length experiments are described in Chapter 4. These experiments were high-precision measurements of the coherent neutron scattering lengths of gas phase molecular hydrogen and deuterium using neutron interferometry. Upon correction for molecular binding and multiple scattering, the results of the experiments are b n-p = -3.7384 ± 0.0020 fm and b n-d = 6.6649 ± 0.0040 fm. These are both in agreement with the world average of previous measurements, b n-p = -3.7410 ± 0.0010 fm and b n-d = 6.6727 ± 0.0045 fm. When these results are taken into account, the new world averages become b n-p = -3.7405 ± 0.0009 fm and b n-d = 6.6683 ± 0.0030 fm. The third scattering length experiment is discussed in Chapter 5. This was a precision neutron interferomeric measurement of the n- 3 He coherent scattering length. It was essentially performed in the same manner as the experiments for hydrogen and deuterium, although the high absorption caused by the large imaginary part of the scattering length of 3He necessitated significantly more measurements of the phase shift to reduce the statistical uncertainty. The result, b c = 5.8572 ± 0.0072 fm, improves the measured precision of b c by a factor of six. Taking this measurement into account, the previous world average, b c = 5.74 ± 0.04 fm, becomes b n-p = 5.853 ± 0.007 fm. The fourth scattering length experiment was an attempt to measure the neutron-electron scattering length, and it is described in Chapter 6. The experiment used a perfect silicon crystal in the neutron interferometer to cause a phase shift due to dynamical diffraction. From this measured dynamical phase shift, it is possible to extract the value of the neutron-electron scattering length. Unfortunately, due to flaws in the crystal and lack of precision in knowledge of the crystal rotation, an accurate measurement was not possible. However, the viability of the experiment as a means to measure the neutron-electron scattering length was confirmed. In Chapter 7, corrections to the coherent scattering length arising from multiple scattering and molecular binding are discussed in the context of the hydrogen measurement. In Chapter 8, a Monte Carlo beam line simulation is described, and the results are presented.
Coherent Control Of Neutron Interferometry
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Author : Dmitry A. Pushin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Coherent Control Of Neutron Interferometry written by Dmitry A. Pushin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
In this thesis, several novel techniques are proposed and demonstrated for measuring the coherent properties of materials and testing aspects of quantum information processing using a single crystal neutron interferometer. In particular we introduce methods for reciprocal space encoding of spatial information systematically in a neutron interferometer. First, a proof of principle experiment is conducted for coherent reciprocal space neutron imaging. This newly proposed technique overcomes the limitation of spacial resolution of current two dimensional neutron detectors. Second, an experiment to measure the vertical coherent length of a neutron interferometer is reported, which extends the previously achieved path separation. Third, we propose a new interferometry geometry that reduces the sensitivity of the neutron interferometer to environmental vibrational disturbances. The method is based on a quantum error compensating algorithm. Finally, a new method that is capable of measuring the autocorrelation function of a sample is proposed. This new technique can extend the capability of traditional neutron scattering experiments. All experiments are conducted at the neutron interferometry facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Quantum Interferometry In Phase Space
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Author : Martin Suda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006
Quantum Interferometry In Phase Space written by Martin Suda and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Science categories.
"Quantum Interferometry in Phase Space" is primarily concerned with quantum-mechanical distribution functions and their applications in quantum optics and neutron interferometry. In the first part of the book, the author describes the phase-space representation of quantum optical phenomena such as coherent and squeezed states. Applications to interferometry, e.g. in beam splitters and fiber networks, are also presented. In the second part of the book, the theoretical formalism is applied to neutron interferometry, including the dynamical theory of diffraction, coherence properties of superposed beams, and dephasing effects.
Neutron Interferometry
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Author : U. Bonse
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1979
Neutron Interferometry written by U. Bonse and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Interferometry, Neutron categories.
Handbook Of Neutron Optics
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Author : Masahiko Utsuro
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2010-01-12
Handbook Of Neutron Optics written by Masahiko Utsuro and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Written by authors with an international reputation, acknowledged expertise and teaching experience, this is the most up-to-date resource on the field. The text is clearly structured throughout so as to be readily accessible, and begins by looking at scattering of a scalar particle by one-dimensional systems. The second section deals with the scattering of neutrons with spin in one-dimensional potentials, while the third treats dynamical diffraction in three-dimensional periodic media. The final two sections conclude with incoherent and small angle scattering, and some problems of quantum mechanics. With its treatment of the theories, experiments and applications involved in neutron optics, this relevant reading for nuclear physicists and materials scientists alike.
Neutron Scattering
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1986-09-18
Neutron Scattering written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-09-18 with Science categories.
This work covers in some detail the application of neutron scattering to different fields of physics, materials science, chemistry, biology, the earth sciences and engineering. Its goal is to enable researchers in a particular area to identify aspects of their work in which neutron scattering techniques might contribute, conceive the important experiments to be done, assess what is required to carry them out, write a successful proposal for one of the major user facilities, and perform the experiments under the guidance of the appropriate instrument scientist. The authors of the various chapters take account of the advances in experimental techniques over the past 25 years--for example, neutron reflectivity and spin-echo spectroscopy and techniques for probing the dynamics of complex materials and biological systems. Furthermore, with the third-generation spallation sources recently constructed in the United States and Japan and in the advanced planning stage in Europe, there is an increasing interest in time-of-flight techniques and short wavelengths. Correspondingly, the improved performance of cold moderators at both reactors and spallation sources has extended the long-wavelength capabilities. Chapter authors are pre-eminent in their field Seminal experiments are presented as examples Provides guidance on how to plan, execute and analyse experiments
Neutron Interferometry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Neutron Interferometry written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Interferometry, Neutron categories.