Home eBooks Download › neutrophil extracellular traps

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

Download Neutrophil Extracellular Traps PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Neutrophil Extracellular Traps book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

DOWNLOAD

Author : Hans-Joachim Anders
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-12-15

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps written by Hans-Joachim Anders and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-15 with Medical categories.

Neutrophils regulate immune responses during homeostasis as well as disease pathogenesis. Especially, the neutrophils extracellular traps largely contribute to necroinflammation. This book highlights the role of neutrophils and neutrophils extracellular traps in various sterile and non-sterile, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions affecting both human and animal health.

Netosis 2 The Excitement Continues

DOWNLOAD

Author : Mariana J. Kaplan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-12-28

Netosis 2 The Excitement Continues written by Mariana J. Kaplan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-28 with categories.

NETosis, a form of cell death that manifests by the release of decondensed chromatin to the extracellular space, provides valuable insights into mechanisms and consequences of cellular demise. Because extracellular chromatin can immobilize microbes, the extended nucleohistone network was called a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), and the process of chromatin release was proposed to serve an innate immune defense function. Extracellular chromatin NETs were initially observed in studies of neutrophils and are most prominent in these types of granulocytes. Subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes and, in a limited way, other cells of the innate immune response may also release nuclear chromatin following certain kinds of stimulation. Variations of NETosis were noted with cells that remain temporarily motile after the release of chromatin. Numerous stimuli for NETosis were discovered, including bacterial breakdown products, inflammatory stimuli, particulate matter, certain crystals, immune complexes and activated thrombocytes. Fundamental explorations into the mechanisms of NETosis observed that neutrophil enzyme activity (PAD4, neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase) and signal transduction pathways contribute to the regulation of NETosis. Histones in NET chromatin become modified by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and cleaved at specific sites by proteases, leading to extensive chromatin externalization. In addition, NETs serve for attachment of bactericidal enzymes including myeloperoxidase, leukocyte proteases, and the cathelicidin LL-37. NETs are decorated with proteases and may thus contribute to tissue destruction. However, the attachment of these enzymes to NET-associated supramolecular structures restricts systemic spread of the proteolytic activity. While the benefit of NETs in an infection appears obvious, NETs also participate as key protagonists in various pathologic states. Therefore, it is essential for NETs to be efficiently cleared; otherwise digestive enzymes may gain access to tissues where inflammation takes place. Persistent NET exposure at sites of inflammation may lead to a further complication: NET antigens may provoke acquired immune responses and, over time, could initiate autoimmune reactions, serve as antigen for nuclear autoantibodies and foster DNA immune complex-related inflammation. Neutrophil products and deiminated proteins comprise an important group of autoantigens in musculoskeletal disorders. Aberrant NET synthesis and/or clearance are often associated with inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Recent evidence also implicates aberrant NET formation in the development of endothelial damage, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Intravital microscopy provides evidence for conditions that induce NETosis in vivo. Furthermore, NETs can easily be detected in synovial fluid and tissue sections of patients with arthritis and gout. NETosis is thus of interest to researchers who investigate innate immune responses, host-pathogen interactions, chronic inflammatory disorders, cell and vascular biology, biochemistry, and autoimmunity. As we enter the second decade of research on NETosis, it is useful and timely to review the mechanisms and pathways of NET formation, their role in bacterial and fungal defense and their importance as inducers of autoimmune responses.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

DOWNLOAD

Author : Hans-Joachim Anders
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps written by Hans-Joachim Anders and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.

Netosis At The Intersection Of Cell Biology Microbiology And Immunology

DOWNLOAD

Author : Mariana J. Kaplan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2013-08-08

Netosis At The Intersection Of Cell Biology Microbiology And Immunology written by Mariana J. Kaplan and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-08 with categories.

NETosis is a unique form of cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space. The initial observation of NETosis placed the process within the context of the innate immune response to infections. Neutrophils, the most numerous leukocytes that arrive quickly at the site of an infection, were the first cell type shown to undergo extracellular trap formation. However, subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes are also capable of releasing nuclear chromatin following stimulation. The extracellular chromatin acts to immobilize microbes and prevent their dispersal in the host. Bacterial breakdown products and inflammatory stimuli induce NETosis and the release of NETs requires enzyme activities. Histones in NET chromatin become modified by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) and cleaved at specific sites by proteases. NETs serve for attachment of bactericidal enzymes including myeloperoxidase, leukocyte proteases, and the cathelicidin LL-37. While the benefit of NETs in an infection appears clear, NETs also figure prominently at the center of various pathologic states. Therefore, it is important for NETs to be efficiently cleared; else digestive enzymes may gain access to tissues where inflammation takes place. Persistent NET exposure at sites of inflammation may lead to a further complication: NET antigens may provoke acquired immune responses and, over time, could initiate autoimmune reactions. Recent studies identified aberrant NET synthesis and/or clearance in inflammatory/autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, ANCA-positive vasculitis, gout and Felty’s syndrome. In the case of SLE, for example, it appears that LL-37 exposed in the NETs may be a significant trigger of type I Interferon responses in this disease. Recent evidence also implicates aberrant NET formation in the development of endothelial damage, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. NETosis is thus of interest to researchers who investigate innate immune responses, host-pathogen interactions, chronic inflammatory disorders, cell and vascular biology, biochemistry, and autoimmunity. As we approach the 10-year-anniversary of the initial discovery of NETosis, it is useful and timely to review the so far identified mechanisms and pathways of NET formation, their role in bacterial and fungal defense and their putative importance as inducers of autoimmune responses. We look forward to a rich and rigorous discussion of these and related issues that benefit from interdisciplinary approaches, collaborations and exciting discoveries.

Role Of Neutrophils In Disease Pathogenesis

DOWNLOAD

Author : Maitham Khajah
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-06-07

Role Of Neutrophils In Disease Pathogenesis written by Maitham Khajah and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-07 with Medical categories.

This book highlights the important role of neutrophils in health as well as in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Section 1 provides a general background information regarding the mechanisms and various triggers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and their role in various infectious and noninfectious diseases (such as postinjury inflammation). Section 2 provides recent evidence regarding the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis as well as a therapeutic target for selected disease conditions such as periodontal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and cystic fibrosis. Section 3 describes the anti-inflammatory properties of neutrophils with focus regarding their role in graft versus host disease. This book provides a wider picture with regard to the importance of this immune cell type in various diseases with focus on one of its recently discovered properties, NETs. Therapeutic targets aimed to modulate neutrophil functions might provide novel approaches in the treatment of various diseases of infectious and noninfectious origin.

Neutrophil Communication

DOWNLOAD

Author : Christian Jan Lood
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-06-29

Neutrophil Communication written by Christian Jan Lood and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-29 with categories.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Nadph Oxidases

DOWNLOAD

Author : Ulla G. Knaus
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2019-06-07

Nadph Oxidases written by Ulla G. Knaus and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-07 with Science categories.

This detailed volume explores the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes in human physiology and genetic disease, in which early discoveries represent prime examples of the finest translational “from bed to bench and back” studies. Methods are included for testing assembly and function of multicomponent oxidase complexes and for analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in different systems by various means, while addressing pitfalls of ROS probes currently being used, as well as protocols on NADPH oxidase regulation and their function in cells. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introduction to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, NADPH Oxidases: Methods and Protocols will aid researchers working with the NOX/DUOX family in continuing and expanding upon their vital research.