New Formula For Nuclear Force

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New Formula For Nuclear Force

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Author : K MD Kamal Uddin K
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-11-27

New Formula For Nuclear Force written by K MD Kamal Uddin K and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-27 with categories.

It is well established that the forces between nucleons are transmitted by mesons. According to the meson theory, the quantitative explanation of the nuclear forces was extremely tentative and incomplete. But this theory presents a valuable point of view. It is fairly certain now that the nucleons within nuclear matter are in a state made rather different from their free condition by the proximity of other nucleons .Charge independence of nuclear forces demand the existence of neutral meson as amongst the same type of nucleons (P-P) or (N-N). This force demands the same spin and the same orbital angular momentum. The exchange interaction is produced by only a neutral meson. The involving mesons without electric charge that it gives exchange forces between protons and Neutrons. Also therefore maintains charge independence character. It is evident for the nature of the products that neutral mesons decay by both strong and weak interactions. It means that neutral mesons' constituents are responsible for the electromagnetic interaction. Dramatically neutral mesons play an important role for both electromagnetic and nuclear forces.

Nuclear Force Big Bang Hypothesis And Higgs Field

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Author : Kamal Uddin
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-04-14

Nuclear Force Big Bang Hypothesis And Higgs Field written by Kamal Uddin and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-14 with categories.

It is well established that the forces between nucleons are transmitted by mesons. According to the meson theory, the quantitative explanation of the nuclear forces was extremely tentative and incomplete. But this theory presents a valuable point of view. It is fairly certain now that the nucleons within nuclear matter are in a state made rather different from their free condition by the proximity of other nucleons .Charge independence of nuclear forces demand the existence of neutral meson as amongst the same type of nucleons (P-P) or (N-N). This force demands the same spin and the same orbital angular momentum. The exchange interaction is produced by only a neutral meson. The involving mesons without electric charge that it gives exchange forces between protons and Neutrons. Also therefore maintains charge independence character. It is evident for the nature of the products that neutral mesons decay by both strong and weak interactions. It means that neutral mesons' constituents are responsible for the electromagnetic interaction. Dramatically neutral mesons play an important role for both electromagnetic and nuclear forces.

Nuclear Force

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Author : Md. uddin
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date :

Nuclear Force written by Md. uddin and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Nuclear Forces

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Author : Leon Rosenfeld
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1948

Nuclear Forces written by Leon Rosenfeld and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1948 with Science categories.

Fundamentals Of Nuclear Physics

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Author : Noboru Takigawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-12

Fundamentals Of Nuclear Physics written by Noboru Takigawa and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-12 with Science categories.

This book introduces the current understanding of the fundamentals of nuclear physics by referring to key experimental data and by providing a theoretical understanding of principal nuclear properties. It primarily covers the structure of nuclei at low excitation in detail. It also examines nuclear forces and decay properties. In addition to fundamentals, the book treats several new research areas such as non-relativistic as well as relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations, the synthesis of super-heavy elements, the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram, and nucleosynthesis in stars, to convey to readers the flavor of current research frontiers in nuclear physics. The authors explain semi-classical arguments and derivation of its formulae. In these ways an intuitive understanding of complex nuclear phenomena is provided. The book is aimed at graduate school students as well as junior and senior undergraduate students and postdoctoral fellows. It is also useful for researchers to update their knowledge of diverse fields of nuclear structure. The book explains how basic physics such as quantum mechanics and statistical physics, as well as basic physical mathematics, is used to describe nuclear phenomena. A number of questions are given from place to place as supplements to the text.

Planning U S General Purpose Forces

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Author : United States. Congressional Budget Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977

Planning U S General Purpose Forces written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Nuclear warfare categories.

The Nuclear Many Body Problem

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Author : Peter Ring
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-03-25

The Nuclear Many Body Problem written by Peter Ring and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-25 with Health & Fitness categories.

Study Edition

Theoretical Nuclear Physics

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Author : J. M. Blatt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Theoretical Nuclear Physics written by J. M. Blatt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The last twenty years have witnessed an enormous development of nuclear physics. A large number of data have accumulated and many experimental facts are known. As the experimental techniques have achieved greater and greater perfection, the theoretical analysis and interpretation of these data have become correspondingly more accurate and detailed. The development of nuclear physics has depended on the development of physics as a whole. While there were interesting speculations about nuclear constitution as early as 1922, it was impossible to make any quantitative theory of even the simplest nucleus until the discovery of quantum mechanics on the one hand, and the development of experimental methods sufficiently sensitive to detect the presence of a neutral particle (the neutron) on the other hand. The further development of our understanding of the nucleus has depended, and still depends, on the development of ever more powerful experimental techniques for measuring nuclear properties and more powerful theoretical techniques for correlating these properties. Practically every "simple," "reasonable," and "plausible" assumption made in theoretical nuclear physics has turned out to be in need of refinement; and the numerous attempts to derive nuclear forces and the properties of nuclei from a more" fundamental" approach than the analysis of the data have proved unsuccessful so far. Nuclear physics is by no means a finished edifice.

Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts

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Author : United States. Central Intelligence Agency
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963

Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts written by United States. Central Intelligence Agency and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with World politics categories.

U S Strategic Nuclear Forces Background Developments And Issues

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Author : Amy Woolf
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2013-01-25

U S Strategic Nuclear Forces Background Developments And Issues written by Amy Woolf and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-25 with categories.

During discussions about the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review, Congress reviewed and discussed the plans for maintaining and modernizing U.S. strategic nuclear forces. Although the United States plans to reduce the number of warheads deployed on its long-range missiles and bombers, consistent with the terms of the New START Treaty, it also plans to develop new delivery systems for deployment over the next 20-30 years. As a result, the 112th Congress will continue to review these programs during the annual authorization and appropriations process. During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer-range systems, which included long-range missiles based on U.S. territory, long-range missiles based on submarines, and heavy bombers that could threaten Soviet targets from their bases in the United States, are known as strategic nuclear delivery vehicles. At the end of the Cold War, in 1991, the United States deployed more than 10,000 warheads on these delivery vehicles. That number has declined to less than 6,000 warheads today, and is slated to decline to 1,550 warheads by the year 2017 if the New START Treaty enters into force. At the present time, the U.S. land-based ballistic missile force (ICBMs) consists of 450 Minuteman III ICBMs, each deployed with between one and three warheads; they will all be reduced to only one warhead over the next few years. The Air Force has deactivated all 50 of the 10-warhead Peacekeeper ICBMs and 50 Minuteman III missiles. The Air Force is also modernizing the Minuteman missiles, replacing and upgrading their rocket motors, guidance systems, and other components. The Air Force had expected to begin replacing the Minuteman missiles around 2018, but has decided, instead, to continue to modernize and maintain the existing missiles, so that they can remain in the force through 2030. The U.S. ballistic missile submarine fleet currently consists of 14 Trident submarines; each carries 24 Trident II (D-5) missiles. The Navy converted 4 of the original 18 Trident submarines to carry non-nuclear cruise missiles. The remaining submarines currently carry around 1,200 warheads in total; that number will decline as the United States implements the New START Treaty. The Navy has shifted the basing of the submarines, so that nine are deployed in the Pacific Ocean and five are in the Atlantic, to better cover targets in and around Asia. It also has undertaken efforts to extend the life of the missiles and warheads so that they and the submarines can remain in the fleet past 2020, and to begin design work on a new submarine. The U.S. fleet of heavy bombers includes 19 B-2 bombers and 94 B-52 bombers. The B-1 bomber is no longer equipped for nuclear missions. The fleet will decline to around 60 aircraft in coming years, as the United States implements New START. The Air Force has also begun to retire the nuclear-armed cruise missiles carried by B-52 bombers, leaving only about half the B-52 fleet equipped to carry nuclear weapons. The Air Force plans to procure both a new long-range bomber and a new cruise missile over the next 20 years. The Obama Administration is completing a review of the size and structure of the U.S. nuclear force, and a review of U.S. nuclear employment policy, as it implements the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review. It is also implementing the New START Treaty with Russia that will limit the number of deployed missiles and warheads in the U.S. strategic force. Congress will review the Administration's plans for U.S. strategic nuclear forces during the annual authorization and appropriations process, and as it assesses U.S. plans under New START and possible future arms control treaties with Russia.