New Strategies For Oral Immunization
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New Strategies For Oral Immunization
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Author : Jiri Mestecky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-12
New Strategies For Oral Immunization written by Jiri Mestecky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-12 with Medical categories.
Oral immunization has a fascinating and frequently successful history, yet it has been largely overshadowed by other immunization methods. Various vaccines that lead to the induction of antibodies in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts are currently under development, and others are in use for the immunization of animals as well as humans. This volume gives oral immunization the attention it deserves in light of recent methodological and technical advances in antigen delivery systems.
New Strategies For Oral Immunization
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Author : Jiri Mestecky
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1989-04-10
New Strategies For Oral Immunization written by Jiri Mestecky and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-04-10 with Medical categories.
Oral immunization has a fascinating and frequently successful history, yet it has been largely overshadowed by other immunization methods. Various vaccines that lead to the induction of antibodies in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts are currently under development, and others are in use for the immunization of animals as well as humans. This volume gives oral immunization the attention it deserves in light of recent methodological and technical advances in antigen delivery systems.
Novel Vaccination Strategies
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Author : Stefan H. E. Kaufmann
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-01-24
Novel Vaccination Strategies written by Stefan H. E. Kaufmann and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-24 with Science categories.
The protection mode of most available vaccines is based on antibody responses. Since efficient immune responses to many pathogens rely on activating all arms of the immune system, traditional vaccine development does not provide efficient protection against many diseases. Novel vaccination strategies need to allow presentation of antigens that activate the full array of the immune response in the right composition and should prevent pathogen entry by mobilizing the mucosal immune response. New technological advances optimize the immunogenicity of 'live' and sub-unit vaccines. This book offers an interdisciplinary overview on research and future strategies for rational vaccine design based on recent developments in molecular biology and immunology. It covers new aspects of the immunological interplay between prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems as well as achievements in the development of novel vaccine candidates. Chapters on edible vaccines, on vaccines against bioterror agents and on economical and safety aspects of novel vaccine development round off this title.
New Generation Vaccines And Novel Vaccinal Strategies Against Infectious Diseases Of Livestock Wild And Companion Animals
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Author : Denis Archambault
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-08-25
New Generation Vaccines And Novel Vaccinal Strategies Against Infectious Diseases Of Livestock Wild And Companion Animals written by Denis Archambault and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-25 with Medical categories.
Emerging and re-emerging infections, in particular those caused by viruses, are expected to rise in correlation, among other factors, with climate changes. Antibiotic resistance is another issue that will limit the therapeutic arsenal against bacterial and parasitic infections. Therefore, one must be adequately prepared to overcome and prevent current and novel infections, and vaccination remains the optimal way to fight infectious diseases in humans. This is also true for many impacting diseases of livestock and companion animals, to which there are no available vaccines. First (attenuated and inactivated) and second (subunit) generation vaccines have their limitations. To overcome this, efforts have been made in recent years to develop novel vaccine types such as virus-like particle (VLP)-, viral vector-, and DNA-based vaccines in humans and animals. The recent success in utilizing RNA technology based-vaccines to fight SARS-CoV-2 to limit the severity of clinical symptoms and mortality constitutes a promising way to develop such vaccines against animal diseases. Development of novel molecules or materials with adjuvant or immunostimulatory activity to adequately stimulate the innate immune response, and, therefore the pathogen-specific adaptative immune response, as well as the identification of suitable antigenic material that would bring broad protection against infectious agent variants are other key issues to be considered in developing safe and innovative immunization strategies.
Understanding And Overcoming Barriers To Oral Immunization With Biomaterials And Applied Immunology
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Author : Hannah E. Frizzell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Understanding And Overcoming Barriers To Oral Immunization With Biomaterials And Applied Immunology written by Hannah E. Frizzell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Immunization is an incredibly powerful intervention to provide protection from infectious diseases. The application of engineered materials for parenteral vaccination has illuminated pathways to increase vaccine uptake, traffic vaccines to lymphoid organs, and strategically activate cells, which may allow for the tailoring of specific immune responses and their magnitude. The importance of immunization at mucosal sites to generate protective immunity at the locations where pathogens most commonly invade the body is well-recognized. However, the majority of clinically licensed vaccines are not administered mucosally. Oral vaccines have the potential to reduce cost, improve compliance, and induce immunity at mucosal surfaces that are the first line of defense against infection. The gastrointestinal tract is highly evolved to efficiently digest and absorb nutrients without eliciting aberrant inflammation. Thus, these functions also limit the efficacy of immunization by the oral route. Specifically, these barriers include digestion of antigens and immunogenic epitopes by gastric and intestinal proteases, limited epithelial absorption of macromolecules, and the immunotolerant nature of the gut. While mechanisms responsible for the development of immunity or tolerance to ingested antigens are being illuminated, the application of materials with precise physiochemical properties may accelerate our understanding of immunity within the gastrointestinal tract. Insight into these immunological mechanisms can inform the design of next-generation oral vaccines. Here, we develop and evaluate a nanofiber vaccine platform to define and overcome immunological barriers associated with oral immunization. First, a drug delivery platform using emulsion electrospinning is developed for the oral delivery of protein therapeutics. We evaluate this platform for retention of protein bioactivity, pH-responsive protein release, and therapeutic shelf life. Next, we explore the use of adjuvants as a strategy to improve uptake of orally delivered vaccines through epithelial cell activation and recruitment of antigen presenting cells to the epithelium. In vivo immunization studies identify adjuvants capable of eliciting systemic and mucosal immune responses when delivered orally and also establish the initial differences in mechanism of action. Finally, the role of gastrointestinal digestion on immune responses to oral vaccines is investigated through the application of biomaterials carriers to provide selective protection of vaccines in certain gastrointestinal environments. We find that the susceptibility of immunogenic epitopes of a model protein antigen to be cleaved by gastrointestinal enzymes prevents the activation of epitope-specific T cell responses. The combination of protection from such cleavage through encapsulation in nanofibers and use of a potent mucosal adjuvant achieved expansion of epitope specific CD8+ T cells in the local intestinal tissue compared to digestion protection or adjuvant use alone. Overall, this project provides insight into the immunology of oral vaccines and develops a biomaterial-based strategy to elicit immune responses through the protection of immunogenic epitopes from digestion and co-delivery of specific mucosal adjuvants.
New Strategies For The Development And Delivery Of Salmonella Vaccines
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Author : Alberto Back
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
New Strategies For The Development And Delivery Of Salmonella Vaccines written by Alberto Back and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Mucosal Vaccines
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Author : Pamela A. Kozlowski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-13
Mucosal Vaccines written by Pamela A. Kozlowski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-13 with Medical categories.
This volume is focused on the development of vaccines which generate immune effectors capable of blocking mucosal entry or peripheral pathogen spread. A critical first step in the design of mucosal vaccines is the selection of administration route. Not all mucosal immunization routes are created equally when it comes to eliciting immune responses in multiple body compartments. This subject and situations when a mucosal route may not be required for vaccine delivery are reviewed here with an emphasis on the sublingual immunization route, which may offer a safer alternative to the nasal route for induction of broadly disseminated immune responses. External host defenses that inhibit entry of microorganisms at mucosal surfaces also pose obstacles to the efficient internalization of mucosally-applied vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization with appropriate adjuvants and permeation enhancers can induce mucosal immune responses and may be advantageous for bypassing these luminal barriers. Other chapters describe strategies for enhancing uptake of mucosal vaccines, for instance through targeted delivery to antigen-sampling M cells, construction of virus-like particles which mimic natural pathogens, addition of mucoadhesives or formulation as nanoparticles. Topics include edible vaccines as well as plant-based production of subunit or particulate vaccines that could be administered by any route. Dry powder vaccines that could be insufflated or directly applied to mucosal surfaces may be particularly ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries. The manufacture, stability and efficacy of powder formulations is comprehensively reviewed. We conclude with chapters on two of the greatest challenges facing mucosal vaccine development: human immunodeficiency virus and bioterrorist agents. This monograph highlights progress and information that should prove invaluable for the development of contemporary vaccines that prevent infection by these and other mucosal pathogens.
Topics In Vaccine Adjuvant Research
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Author : Dale R. Spriggs
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1990-12-19
Topics In Vaccine Adjuvant Research written by Dale R. Spriggs and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-12-19 with Medical categories.
Topics in Vaccine Adjuvant Research provides a concise, focused review of the immunological basis of adjuvant activity. The first section of the book contains several chapters that discuss key issues in cellular immunology, such as antigen processing and presentation, cytokine regulation of immune responses, and mucosal immunology. The second section consists of brief chapters on the mechanism of action of several adjuvants, including IL-2, nonionic block polymers, and cholera toxin. The major goals of this book are to define what is known about the mechanisms of adjuvant activity, show how research in cellular immunology can be used to help understand adjuvant action, and define possible areas where adjuvants might be useful probes for dissecting basic immunological processes. Immunologists, microbiologists, and infectious disease researchers will find this book an invaluable addition to their reference library.
Virology Aids Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Virology Aids Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with AIDS (Disease) categories.
Monthly. Includes references to literature on phage, animal, or plant viruses, as well as molecular, in vitro, immunological, clinical, epidemiological and other aspects of AIDS. Topical arrangement. Author, subject indexes.
Polio Eradication Strategy 2022 2026
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-04-30
Polio Eradication Strategy 2022 2026 written by and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-30 with Medical categories.
The Global Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 supersedes the Polio Strategy 2019-2023, taking into account new tools and approaches, including the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 and need to more concertedly address vaccine-derived polioviruses, as well as new operations tactics in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is intended to layout the roadmap to achieving and sustaining a polio-free world, free of all forms of poliovirus. It is intended to be a strategic resource and guidance document for GPEI stakeholders, partners, donors and affected country governments.