Next Generation Biofuels
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Biofuels
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Author : B. Bharathiraja
language : en
Publisher: MJP Publisher
Release Date : 2019-06-10
Biofuels written by B. Bharathiraja and has been published by MJP Publisher this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Today the world is facing three critical problems: (i) High fuel prices, (ii) Climatic changes (iii) Air pollution. Currently there are several important problems to be resolved worldwide: (1) high need for energy, (2) high depletion of non-renewable energy resources and (3) high local and global environmental pollution. This book “Biofuels - A Promising alternate for next generation fuels” deals with the production of biofuels. The biggest difference between biofuels and petroleum feedstock is oxygen content. Biofuels have oxygen levels from 10% to 45% while petroleum has essentially none making the chemical properties of biofuels very different from petroleum. Oxygenates are just pre-used hydrocarbons having a structure that provides a reasonable antiknock value. Most traditional biofuels, such as ethanol from corn, wheat, or sugar beets, and biodiesel from oil seeds, are produced from classic agricultural food crops that require high-quality agricultural land for growth. The term biofuel is referred to as liquid or gaseous fuels for the transport sector that are predominantly produced from biomass. There are several reasons for biofuels to be considered as relevant technologies by both developing and industrialized countries. They include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. Biomass can be converted to biofuels through various methods like chemical, such as biomethanol and biodiesel production, thermochemical, such as bio-oil, bio-syngas, biohydrogen production, and biochemical, such as bioethanol, biogas, biodiesel and biohydrogen production.
Next Generation Biofuels
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Author : William T. Coyle
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Next Generation Biofuels written by William T. Coyle and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
Assesses the short-term outlook for production of next-generation biofuels and the near-term challenges facing the sector. Next-generation U.S. biofuel capacity should reach about 88 mill. gal. in 2010, thanks to one plant becoming commercially operational in 2010, using non-cellulosic animal fat to produce green diesel. U.S. production capacity for cellulosic biofuels is estimated to be 10 mill. gal. for 2010, much less than the 100 mill. gal. originally mandated in 2007. Near-term sector challenges include reducing high capital and production costs, acquiring financial resources for pre-commercial development, developing new biomass supply arrangements, and overcoming the constraints of ethanol¿s current 10-percent blending limit with gasoline. Charts and tables.
Biofuels Greenhouse Gas Mitigation And Global Warming
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Author : Ashwani Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-09
Biofuels Greenhouse Gas Mitigation And Global Warming written by Ashwani Kumar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This timely book is a compilation of edited articles by distinguished international scientists discussing global warming, its causes as well as present and future solutions. Social and economic growth at global level is measured in terms of GDP, which requires energy inputs generally based on fossil fuel resources. These, however, are major contributors to increasing levels of CO2, causing 15 tonnes of green house gas emissions per capita. Renewable sources of energy offer an alternative to fossil fuels, and would help reduce this to the 2 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions per capita per annum needed to achieve sustainable growth. As such, the book discusses the next-generation of biofuels and all related aspects, based on the editors’ significant investigations on biofuels over the last 30 years. It also presents the latest research findings from research work carried out by contemporary researchers. Presenting global biofuel perspectives, it examines various issues related to sustainable development of biofuels in the contexts of agriculture, forestry, industry and economic growth. It covers the 1st to 4th generation biofuels, as well as the status of biofuel resources and their potential in carbon neutral economy. Offering a comprehensive, state-of-art overview of current and future biofuels at local and global levels, this book appeals to administrators, policy makers, universities and research institutions.
Next Generation Biofuels Near Term Challenges And Implications For Agriculture
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Author : William Coyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-06-08
Next Generation Biofuels Near Term Challenges And Implications For Agriculture written by William Coyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-08 with categories.
Will "next-generation" biofuel production rise enough to reach current legislative mandates? What feedstocks and technologies are envisioned for next-generation biofuel production? How costly will such production be? How will investment be financed and what prospects do investors see for cost reduction? What will the role of agriculture be in supplying feedstocks for production of next-generation biofuels?
Next Generation Biofuels
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Author : William T. Coyle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Next Generation Biofuels written by William T. Coyle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Hearing To Review The Future Of Next Generation Biofuels
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Hearing To Review The Future Of Next Generation Biofuels written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Next Generation Biofuels
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Author : Adaora Okwo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Next Generation Biofuels written by Adaora Okwo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Biomass energy categories.
Biofuels, including ethanol and biodiesel, are important components of energy policy in the U.S. and abroad. There is a long history of ethanol production from corn (maize) in the United States and from sugarcane in Brazil. However, there has been a push for greater use of next-generation biofuels (including those derived from cellulosic feedstocks) to mitigate many of the environmental and potential food system impacts of large scale biofuel production. :Farmer willingness to grow biomass crops and ensuring adequate feedstock supply are two important challenges impeding large scale commercialization of next-generation biofuels. The costs of transporting bulky, low density biomass will be substantial. Consequently, in the near term, the economic success of next-generation biofuels will hinge on the supply of locally available biomass. As such, agricultural contracts are expected to be an important tool in overcoming the feedstock acquisition challenge. The broad objective of this study is to understand the effect of contracting for non-food energy crops (cellulosic feedstocks) on the agricultural landscape via the displacement of commodity (food) crops on productive cropland. :We develop an analytical framework for evaluating the design and use of two different contract structures for securing cellulosic feedstock in a representative supply chain with a biorefinery and farmer. We study the dynamics of scarce land and indirect competition from commodity market production on a biorefinery's equilibrium pricing strategy and the resultant supply of cellulosic biomass. And we consider its sensitivity to various production characteristics and market conditions. :We develop a method for quantifying the biorefinery's tradeoff between profit margins and competing for land in order to secure the requisite feedstock for biofuel production. And we characterize the loss of efficiency in the decentralized system, relative to a vertically integrated system, that can be attributed to the need to compete for the farmer's scarce land resource versus that which results from the biorefinery's desire to make a profit. :Then we extend our framework to consider multi-year contracts for biomass production and evaluate the importance of land quality, yield variability and contract structure on a farmer's willingness to accept a contract to produce cellulosic feedstock as well as the resulting impact on the agricultural landscape through the displacement of commodity crops. Using switchgrass production in Tennessee as a case study, we develop feedstock supply curves for each contract structure considered and evaluate the conditions and contract prices at which land devoted to various field crops would be displaced by switchgrass based on field trials of switchgrass production in Tennessee and recent USDA data on crop prices and production.
Next Generation Biofuels
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Author : Gursharan Singh Kainth
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2011-09
Next Generation Biofuels written by Gursharan Singh Kainth and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09 with categories.
Biofuels hold out the promise of a win-win-win solution. The race is on for a new form of fuel. With gasoline skyrocketing, dependence on imported oil and depleting resources worldwide, finding alternatives to petroleum-based fuel and fuel-related products is urgent. 1G biofuels increase greenhouse gas emissions because of land use change, drives soil erosion and the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems putting pressure on food availability. Fortunately, scientists have been studying the production of alternative products to make a cleaner, greener fuel for years. As the global fuel mix diversifies, biofuels will be a major source of supply growth. For biofuels to be truly sustainable they need to be made more efficiently without using so many staple foods. And so scientists are developing new biofuels out of anything and everything, from plant waste to pond scum, from rotting garbage to whisky. By mid-century biofuels could be providing over one quarter of all transport fuel, including jet fuel. You may be wondering exactly how this slimy green stuff can be turned into a fuel for cars and airplanes, and even for the heaters that warm our homes and schools.
Next Generation Biofuels
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Next Generation Biofuels written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Biomass energy categories.
Tailoring Next Generation Biofuels And Their Combustion In Next Generation Engines
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Tailoring Next Generation Biofuels And Their Combustion In Next Generation Engines written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Increasing energy costs, the dependence on foreign oil supplies, and environmental concerns have emphasized the need to produce sustainable renewable fuels and chemicals. The strategy for producing next-generation biofuels must include efficient processes for biomass conversion to liquid fuels and the fuels must be compatible with current and future engines. Unfortunately, biofuel development generally takes place without any consideration of combustion characteristics, and combustion scientists typically measure biofuels properties without any feedback to the production design. We seek to optimize the fuel/engine system by bringing combustion performance, specifically for advanced next-generation engines, into the development of novel biosynthetic fuel pathways. Here we report an innovative coupling of combustion chemistry, from fundamentals to engine measurements, to the optimization of fuel production using metabolic engineering. We have established the necessary connections among the fundamental chemistry, engine science, and synthetic biology for fuel production, building a powerful framework for co-development of engines and biofuels.