Nitrogen Fixation At The Millennium
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Nitrogen Fixation At The Millennium
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Author : G.J. Leigh
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-11-22
Nitrogen Fixation At The Millennium written by G.J. Leigh and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-22 with Science categories.
The turn of the millennium from the twentieth to the twenty-first century provides an occasion to review our understanding of a biological process, biological nitrogen fixation, that is of prime importance for the continued survival of mankind. This process has provided a basis for maintaining soil fertility since the beginning of organised agriculture, yet its very existence was confirmed only just over a century ago. In the intervening years, an enormous intellectual effort has dispersed much of the mystery surrounding biological nitrogen fixation. Biological fixation is widely exploited in agriculture, as are nitrogen fertilisers prepared for the last hundred years under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. However, despite all our efforts, the fundamental nature of the reactions involved at the heart of the biological process remain unknown. This book aims to describe what we have learned in the last one hundred years or so about biological nitrogen fixation, about what its chemistry appears to be, and how it is applied in agriculture. This ambitious objective has not been attempted recently. It is aimed at students and those who wish to enter these very challenging areas of research, and who need to learn the state of the art at the turn of the millennium. The authors are all acknowledged world experts in their fields. They have prepared concise, well referenced and authoritative accounts of their subjects. This book provides a unique summary of the current state of knowledge that will be indispensable to all students and researchers, actual and potential, interested in biological nitrogen fixation.
Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : John Raymond Postgate
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1998-10-15
Nitrogen Fixation written by John Raymond Postgate and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-10-15 with Science categories.
This book provides an introductory-level survey of biological nitrogen fixation, covering the role of the process in the global nitrogen cycle as well as its biochemistry, physiology, genetics, ecology, general biology and prospects for its future exploitation.
Nitrogen Fixation Fundamentals And Applications
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Author : Igor A. Tikhonovich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Nitrogen Fixation Fundamentals And Applications written by Igor A. Tikhonovich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Nitrogen fixation research is presented as a rapidly developing, synergistic area of modern science, using the methods of, and accumulating data from, many fundamental branches of biology and chemistry. These include catalytic mechanisms, protein structure and function, molecular organization of genes and the regulation of their activities, biochemistry of plants and microorganisms, the signalling and surface interactions between organisms, microbial taxonomy and evolution, formal and population genetics, and ecology. The relationships between biological nitrogen fixation research and different branches of applied biology are addressed and analyzed, such as: the monitoring of genetically engineered microorganisms, selection of plant-associated microbes, plant breeding, increasing the protein content of crops, providing ecologically safe food production, and diminishing the chemical pollution of the environment. Immediate impacts and long-term prospects for nitrogen fixation research are presented: both fundamentals and applications.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation For The 21st Century
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Author : Claudine Elmerich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Biological Nitrogen Fixation For The 21st Century written by Claudine Elmerich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Science categories.
Nitrogen availability is one of the most critical factors that limits plant productivity. The largest reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere, but this gaseous molecular nitrogen only becomes available to plants through the biological nitrogen fixation process, which only prokaryotic cells have developed. The discovery that microbes were providing fixed nitrogen to legumes and the isolation of the first nitrogen-fixing bacteria occured at the end the 19th Century, in Louis Pasteur's time. We are now building on more than 100 years of research in this field and looking towards the 21st Century. The International Nitrogen Fixation Congress series Started more than 20 years ago. The format of this Congress is designed to gather scientists from very diverse origins, backgrounds, interests and scientific approaches and is a forum where fundamental knowledge is discussed alongside applied research. This confluence of perspectives is, we believe, extremely beneficial in raising new ideas, questions and concepts.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation Sustainable Agriculture And The Environment
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Author : Yi-Ping Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-01-30
Biological Nitrogen Fixation Sustainable Agriculture And The Environment written by Yi-Ping Wang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The 14th International Nitrogen Fixation Congress was held in Beijing, China from October 27th through November 1st, 2004. This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Congress and represents a compilation of the presentations by scientists from more than 30 countries around the World who came to Beijing to discuss the progress made since the last Congress and to exchange ideas and information. This year marked the 30th anniversary of the first Congress held in Pullman, Washington, USA, in 1974. Since then, this series of Congresses has met five times in North America (three in the United States and once each in Canada and Mexico), once in South America (Brazil), four times in Western Europe (once each in Spain, The Netherlands, Germany and France), once in Eastern Europe (Russia), and once in Australia; and now for the first time in Asia. China was a most appropriate choice because China is a big country with the largest population in the World, about 1. 3 billion people, which is about 22% of the World’s population. It is traditionally an agricultural country, even though China has only 7% of the available farming land. This situation explains why agriculture and its productivity are major issues for the Chinese people, its government and the scientists in the field.
The World S Greatest Fix
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Author : G. J. Leigh
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-08-19
The World S Greatest Fix written by G. J. Leigh and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-08-19 with Science categories.
In the tradition of Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel, this gives the very early history of how human ingenuity overcame the risk of famine through productive agriculture. Starting with a layman's guide to the chemistry of nitrogen fixation, the book goes on to show how humans emerged from nomadic lifestyles and began developing towns and settlements. When they for the first time began planting the same fields year after year, they noticed quickly the need to ensure soil fertility. But how? The method they came up with is still in use to this day.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Martin Alexander
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by Martin Alexander and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Current Developments In Biological Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : N. S. Subba Rao
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1984
Current Developments In Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by N. S. Subba Rao and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Science categories.
This volume discusses the most recent advances in biological nitrogen fixation, with chapters written by experts on the ecology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics of biological nitrogen fixation.
Nitrogen Fixation By Free Living Micro Organisms
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Author : William Duncan Patterson Stewart
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1975
Nitrogen Fixation By Free Living Micro Organisms written by William Duncan Patterson Stewart and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medical categories.
This 1976 volume provides information, presented at an international symposium in Edinburgh, on the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria and blue-green algae. In addition to information on the distribution of the nitrogenase enzyme within these groups, their role in the soil and in aquatic systems is considered, as are the methods of measuring nitrogen fixation.
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : Frans J. de Bruijn
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-06-16
Biological Nitrogen Fixation written by Frans J. de Bruijn and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-16 with Science categories.
Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. It is carried out by prokaryotes using an enzyme complex called nitrogenase and results in atmospheric N2 being reduced into a form of nitrogen diazotrophic organisms and plants are able to use (ammonia). It is this process and its major players which will be discussed in this book. Biological Nitrogen Fixation is a comprehensive two volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in nitrogen fixation. Chapters across both volumes emphasize molecular techniques and advanced biochemical analysis approaches applicable to various aspects of biological nitrogen fixation. Volume 1 explores the chemistry and biochemistry of nitrogenases, nif gene regulation, the taxonomy, evolution, and genomics of nitrogen fixing organisms, as well as their physiology and metabolism. Volume 2 covers the symbiotic interaction of nitrogen fixing organisms with their host plants, including nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation, plant and microbial "omics", cyanobacteria, diazotrophs and non-legumes, field studies and inoculum preparation, as well as nitrogen fixation and cereals. Covering the full breadth of current nitrogen fixation research and expanding it towards future advances in the field, Biological Nitrogen Fixation will be a one-stop reference for microbial ecologists and environmental microbiologists as well as plant and agricultural researchers working on crop sustainability.