Nitrous Oxide And Climate Change
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Nitrous Oxide And Climate Change
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Author : Keith Smith
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-08-12
Nitrous Oxide And Climate Change written by Keith Smith and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-12 with Political Science categories.
Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but are also released by human activity. In fact, the quantity of these compounds entering the biosphere has virtually doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, and this increase has been matched by a corresponding increase in N2O emissions. The largest source is now agriculture, driven mainly by the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The other major diffuse source derives from release of NOx into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as ammonia from livestock manure. Some N2O also comes directly from combustion, and from two processes in the chemical industry: the production of nitric acid, and the production of adipic acid, used in nylon manufacture. Action is being taken to curb the industrial point-source emissions of N2O, but measures to limit or reduce agricultural emissions are inherently more difficult to devise. As we enter an era in which measures are being explored to reduce fossil fuel use and/or capture or sequester the CO2 emissions from the fuel, it is likely that the relative importance of N2O in the 'Kyoto basket' of greenhouse gases will increase, because comparable mitigation measures for N2O are inherently more difficult, and because expansion of the land area devoted to crops, to feed the increasing global population and to accommodate the current development of biofuels, is likely to lead to an increase in N fertiliser use, and thus N2O emission, worldwide. The aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of scientific information on the primary sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and an assessment of likely trends in atmospheric concentrations over the next century and the potential for mitigation measures.
Soil Emission Of Nitrous Oxide And Its Mitigation
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Author : David Ussiri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-13
Soil Emission Of Nitrous Oxide And Its Mitigation written by David Ussiri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-13 with Science categories.
Nitrous oxide gas is a long-lived relatively active greenhouse gas (GHG) with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 120 years, and heat trapping effects about 310 times more powerful than carbon dioxide per molecule basis. It contributes about 6% of observed global warming. Nitrous oxide is not only a potent GHG, but it also plays a significant role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone. This book describes the anthropogenic sources of N2O with major emphasis on agricultural activities. It summarizes an overview of global cycling of N and the role of nitrous oxide on global warming and ozone depletion, and then focus on major source, soil borne nitrous oxide emissions. The spatial-temporal variation of soil nitrous oxide fluxes and underlying biogeochemical processes are described, as well as approaches to quantify fluxes of N2O from soils. Mitigation strategies to reduce the emissions, especially from agricultural soils, and fertilizer nitrogen sources are described in detail in the latter part of the book.
Climate Change Causes Greenhouse Gases Nitrous Oxide Gr 5 8
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Author : Erika Gombatz-Gasper
language : en
Publisher: Classroom Complete Press
Release Date : 2019-07-01
Climate Change Causes Greenhouse Gases Nitrous Oxide Gr 5 8 written by Erika Gombatz-Gasper and has been published by Classroom Complete Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-01 with Science categories.
**This is the chapter slice "Greenhouse Gases: Nitrous Oxide" from the full lesson plan "Climate Change: Causes"** Provide students with insight into the science of our atmosphere and the effects of humanity's actions on the Earth System. Our resource gives a scientific perspective on climate change that will help students separate fact from fiction. Investigate the different layers of the atmosphere. Conduct an experiment to see just how an object's color affects how much radiation it absorbs. Find out what effect rising temperatures have on Earth's oceans. Create your own model of the carbon cycle. Explain how the residence time of methane in the atmosphere could help people fight climate change. Learn what effects ozone has on human health. See firsthand how nitrogen-fixing bacteria can replace nitrogen fertilizers. Figure out why synthetic gases were banned, and how long their effects will stay in the atmosphere. Written to Bloom's Taxonomy and STEAM initiatives, additional hands-on activities, crossword, word search, comprehension quiz and answer key are also included.
Climate Policy
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Author : Gabriela Ionescu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-06-22
Climate Policy written by Gabriela Ionescu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-22 with Nature categories.
This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Climate change threatens our planet's future. Since it's too late to prevent climate change, we must find ways to prepare for it, while doing all we can to slow down the processes that are causing it. The editor of this compendium, an experienced and respected scientist in the field, has collect
Non Co2 Greenhouse Gases Scientific Understanding Control And Implementation
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Author : J. van Ham
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Non Co2 Greenhouse Gases Scientific Understanding Control And Implementation written by J. van Ham and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In the climate change discussion, non-CO2 greenhouse gases (NCGGs) received official political recognition for the first time in 1997, when agreement was reached on the Kyoto Protocol. As a result methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs and SF6 now provide attractive options for detailing the national targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions meant to control climate change. This book is the second volume in this area and addresses three main topics. Firstly, it documents progress with respect to our knowledge of the sources and sinks of NCGGs. Information on this subject is essential in order to reduce the uncertainties in national emissions inventories which serve as the reference values for commitments of countries in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. Secondly, this volume deals with the control options for the NCGGs and contains a wealth of information in this area. Emerging technologies here provide business opportunities, in particular in connection with the flexible mechanisms for mitigation projects in developing countries which have been agreed in Kyoto. Thirdly, the book treats the policy implementation of mitigation options for greenhouse gas emissions. Tools for control policies, both on the national and international level, and for different sectors of industry are discussed. National integrated approaches, including the ones from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Netherlands Ministry of Environment which both sponsored the conference, provide guidance for defining the most effective greenhouse gases mitigation plans in different situations. This volume is being published in support of the IPCC Process and will serve as a reference for IPCC's Third Assessment Report.
The Impact Of Weather Change On Nitrous Oxide Emission With Spatial Pattern Detection And Large Data Approximation
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Author : Francis Ohene Ofori
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Impact Of Weather Change On Nitrous Oxide Emission With Spatial Pattern Detection And Large Data Approximation written by Francis Ohene Ofori and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The correlations between agriculture, climate change, and greenhouse gas concentration are multiplex and manifold. Agriculture has been a focus due to its vital connection with climate and food supply. It could have substantial implications for the economy and agricultural management to study the detection of spatial pattern in regional climate change and the impact of weather change on greenhouse gases, specifically on nitrous oxide emission of state crops. To capture the spatial pattern of significant regional climate change, a Process-based Geographical Algorithm Machine (PGAM) procedure is proposed by viewing the spatio-temporal data sets as a realizations of underlying random fields. Past and future climate scenarios of daily weather are simulated using multiple Global Circulation Models (GCMs). The simulation differences and consistency of precipitation, minimum, and maximum temperature in the state of Kansas produced by these climate models are assessed using the spatial Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The climate change index described by a temporal distance metric from PGAM is used to study the adverse effect on nitrous oxide emission connected with agricultural management practices based on a linear mixed-effect model. This project further delves into the effect of weather change on nitrous oxide emission using large data approximation technique; however, the size of the data set creates issues in estimation and prediction. This is because it involves the determinant and inversion of the $n \times n$ covariance matrix of the data process. Thus, an approximation technique for reducing the dimension of the covariance matrix is required. We theoretically and numerically investigate the conditions under which computational intensity and prediction accuracy are balanced by adopting a projection approach. An optimal rank selection method is proposed to achieve good efficiency in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence and mean square prediction error while reducing the computational cost. The accuracy and performance of the proposed method are evaluated via both simulation and spatial regression analysis of nitrous oxide emission.
Nitrogen And Climate Change
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Author : D. Reay
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-31
Nitrogen And Climate Change written by D. Reay and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-31 with Social Science categories.
The world is changing. Human population is surging towards 10 billion, food, water, climate and energy security are all at risk. Nitrogen could be our life raft in this global 'perfect storm'. Get it right and it can help to feed billions, fuel our cars and put a dent in global warming. Get it wrong and it will make things a whole lot worse.
Climate Change And Crops
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Author : S.N. Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-09-25
Climate Change And Crops written by S.N. Singh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-25 with Science categories.
Climate change is directly linked to the human activities, according to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC (2007). In last two decades of 20th Century, accelerated anthropogenic activities pushed up the atmospheric abundance of greenhouse gases, mainly CO2, CH4, and N2O, alarmingly which enhanced the radiative forcing of the Earth’s surface and thus perturbed its heat radiation balance. As a consequence, atmospheric characteristics, such as temperature, rainfall pattern, levels of CO2 and O3 have changed significantly, affecting the farm productivity. Although rising level of CO2 may have fertilizing effect on C3 crops, but concomitant rise in atmospheric temperature, O3 level and extreme weather conditions can not only nullify the fertilizing effect of CO2, but also drastically reduce the crop production, threatening food security to burgeoning world population. Agricultural crops are not only victim of climate variability and extreme whether conditions, but also serve as a potential source of CH4 and N2O. Therefore, in changed scenario, Kyoto Protocol (1997) has sought all signatory developed nations to cut down their emission levels as per their differential commitments to UNFCCC and developing nations to invest in less carbon emission projects to avert the process of global warming process. In this context, the present edition, which compiles latest findings of studies carried out by the scientists on climate change and crops around the world, serves as a ready reckoner to crop scientists, atmospheric scientists, ecologists, environmentalists, research scholars and post- graduate students to update their knowledge and understanding on this issue.
Climate Change
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Author : Jeri Freedman
language : en
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Release Date : 2006-08-15
Climate Change written by Jeri Freedman and has been published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Examines the effects of rising nitrogen amounts and discusses possible solutions.
Greenhouse Gases Sources Sinks And Mitigation
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Author : Saurabh Sonwani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-21
Greenhouse Gases Sources Sinks And Mitigation written by Saurabh Sonwani and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-21 with Science categories.
This book begins with a brief background on greenhouse gases sources and sinks and continues with a discussion in different sectors including forest fluxes to human health and modeling techniques to policy measures. The chapters explore in detail about the GHG emission budgets, mitigation strategies, technical advancement and input-output analysis. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) occur naturally in our atmosphere and are essential to the survival of most of the organisms on the planet earth. GHGs such as such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone etc. play a major role in balancing the radiative budget, by absorbing or emitting some of the infrared rays reflecting from the earth’s surface. But unfortunately, anthropogenic activities like use of fossil fuel, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, use of synthetic fertilizers, deforestation, and industrial processes etc. have drastically interfered in the natural air composition, by releasing excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This has led to the increase in the ability of the atmosphere to absorb more infrared energy. This book is a complete information set covering all aspects of GHGs, sources, sinks and control/mitigation strategies. This book is also written in simple language with helpful photographs, diagrams and flowcharts which will make the reader comfortable in understanding the concepts a more relatively easier way. The book is a valuable tool for students in Environmental Science, Ecology, Biological Science, Economics and Agriculture. It is unique to environmental consultants, researchers and other professionals involved in climate change studies, Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s).