No Farm Is An Island Pollinators And Pollination In Agricultural Landscapes
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No Farm Is An Island Pollinators And Pollination In Agricultural Landscapes
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Author : Charles C. Nicholson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
No Farm Is An Island Pollinators And Pollination In Agricultural Landscapes written by Charles C. Nicholson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Agricultural landscape management categories.
Productive, resilient and sustainable agricultural systems are required to meet the immediate needs of a burgeoning human population, while avoiding ecosystem collapse. Agriculture provides food, fiber, fuels and other products for our current population of 7 billion and is still the major livelihood for 40% of people worldwide. By replacing natural habitat and employing chemical inputs, agriculture also negatively impacts biodiversity and impairs the provision of ecosystem services. This poses a challenge for agriculture as these impacted services are often those required for high yielding and high-quality crop production. Evidence is accumulating that agricultural management can safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services while maintaining production, but critical questions remain concerning how management actions are shaped by broader landscape pattern and how these actions influence service-providing organisms across space and time. Through a combination of observational, experimental and modeling approaches, my dissertation examines relationships between management actions, landscape pattern and service-providing organisms using crop pollination by wild bees as a model system. First, I investigate how local management and landscape pattern interact to affect pollination services and the abundance and diversity of native bees in Vermont, USA. I then use two established models of pollinator foraging to investigate whether one popular intervention, enhancing floral resources, improves crop visitation, and whether pollinator traits and landscape pattern influence this effect. Next, I use a national data set of native bee diversity to test whether habitat enhancements increase taxonomic and functional diversity of native bee communities. Finally, I investigate whether resource continuity provided by consecutively blooming crops benefits wild bee communities. These four chapters contribute ecological knowledge of plant-animal interactions in anthropogenic landscapes. My findings also provide land managers with clear information about the effects of landscape conservation and farm management on crop pollinators.
Status Of Pollinators In North America
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2007-05-13
Status Of Pollinators In North America written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Measuring Landscapes
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Author : Andre Botequilha Leitao
language : en
Publisher: Island Press
Release Date : 2012-09-26
Measuring Landscapes written by Andre Botequilha Leitao and has been published by Island Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-26 with Architecture categories.
This practical handbook bridges the gap between those scientists who study landscapes and the planners and conservationists who must then decide how best to preserve and build environmentally-sound habitats. Until now, only a small portion of the relevant science has influenced the decision-making arenas where the future of our landscapes is debated and decided. The authors explain specific tools and concepts to measure a landscape's structure, form, and change over time. Metrics studied include patch richness, class area proportion, patch number and density, mean patch size, shape, radius of gyration, contagion, edge contrast, nearest neighbor distance, and proximity. These measures will help planners and conservationists make better land use decisions for the future.
Plant Pollinator Communities And Interactions Across Diverse Agricultural Landscapes
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Author : Rachel Lynn Olsson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Plant Pollinator Communities And Interactions Across Diverse Agricultural Landscapes written by Rachel Lynn Olsson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Insect pollinators categories.
Insects pollinate around 70% of crops globally. Facing climate change and declining bee populations, it is critical to conserve pollinators to maintain an adequate food supply for a growing human population. Pollinator declines have been linked to decreasing habitat and food resources caused by anthropogenic influence like development and agriculture. This dissertation addresses these issues from several angles. The first chapter is an observational study of pollinator communities across urban and rural farms in western Washington State. This study found that flies made up 34% of floral visits and visited flower types not visited by bees. Identifying alternative pollinators may lead to improved conservation efforts. The second chapter is a review of the agricultural history of the inland northwest region of the United States and how that history may affect bee communities. Recently, many growers have added canola to their crop rotation, the inland northwest has experienced a flush of floral resources that could support bees. This chapter addresses the ways growers can support pollinators and gain financial benefit from the improved pollination of their crop. Because canola is a newly introduced crop in this region, the pollinator community has gone largely unstudied. The third chapter is a two-year observational study on the pollinator populations in canola, and an examination of landscape and environmental affects that may alter the community makeup. Increased development had a negative effect on pollinator abundance and biodiversity, while floral attributes had a positive effect on pollinator communities. These floral traits were the focus of the final chapter. Canola plants of three varieties were grown in greenhouse conditions and exposed to drought and a soil-borne fungal pathogen damaging to wheat. Plants exposed to drought produced fewer flowers, lower volume of nectar, and had smaller petals compared to control plants. Plants exposed to a fungal pathogen exhibited the opposite response. This study indicates that canola may be an acceptable alternative to wheat when pathogen is present in the soil, and that the flowers may be more attractive to pollinators through the landscape. These chapters will inform future pollination biologists and growers in this region on conservation methods.
Pollination Of Cultivated Plants In The Tropics
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 1995
Pollination Of Cultivated Plants In The Tropics written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Gardening categories.
This bulletin, based on contributions from various contributors and edited by Dr. D.W. Roubik, introduces the reader to various aspects of natural and insect pollination. It discusses the pollinators themselves, and the ecological and economic importance of pollination, as well as applied pollination in temperate, tropical oceanic islands and mainland tropics, and alternatives to artificial pollinator populations. Prospects for the future are also discussed. Chapter 2 deals with successful pollination with pollinator populations, the evaluation of pollinators and floral biology and research techniques. The behaviour of pollinators and plant phenology and various case studies on the preparation of pollinators for use in tropical agriculture are also discussed. A glossary and various appendices regarding cultivated and semi-cultivated plants in the tropics, pollination contracts and levels of safety of pesticides for bees and other pollinators are included.
Pollinators And Pollination
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Author : Jeff Ollerton
language : en
Publisher: Pelagic Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2021-01-18
Pollinators And Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and has been published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-18 with Science categories.
A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Pollination Services To Agriculture
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Author : Barbara Gemmill-Herren
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Pollination Services To Agriculture written by Barbara Gemmill-Herren and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
It is only recently that the immense economic value of pollination to agriculture has been appreciated. At the same time, the alarming collapse in populations of bees and other pollinators has highlighted the urgency of addressing this issue. This book focuses on the specific measures and practices that the emerging science of pollination ecology is identifying to conserve and promote animal pollinators in agroecosystems. It reviews the expanding knowledge base on pollination services, providing evidence to document the status, trends and importance of pollinators to sustainable agricultural production. It provides practical and specific measures that land managers can undertake to ensure that agroecosystems are supportive and friendly to pollinators. It draws on the Global Pollination Project, supported by UNEP/GEF and implemented by FAO and seven partner countries (Brazil, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan and South Africa), which serve to provide "lessons from the field".
Pollinators And Pollination In Changing Agricultural Landscapes
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Author : Dara Anne Stanley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Pollinators And Pollination In Changing Agricultural Landscapes written by Dara Anne Stanley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Promoting Pollination And Pollinators In Farming
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Promoting Pollination And Pollinators In Farming written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with SCIENCE categories.
In light of the growing evidence of global declines in pollinator species, the management, ecology and conservation of wild and managed pollinators is a subject of growing importance and research activity. Promoting pollination and pollinators in farming provides a comprehensive review of the wealth of research on our current understanding of existing pollination processes, how pollinators interact with plants, as well as major threats to pollinators, including climate change, disease, insect pests and pesticide exposure. This collection also assesses how best to protect pollinators and the ecosystem services they deliver, including improved crop and pest management practices.
Sustainable Use And Conservation Of Invertebrate Pollinators
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Author : Aizen, M.A.
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-06-26
Sustainable Use And Conservation Of Invertebrate Pollinators written by Aizen, M.A. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-26 with Nature categories.
Recognizing the importance of invertebrate pollinators, the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Commission) at its Seventeenth Regular Session, in 2019, adopted its Work Plan for the Sustainable Use and Conservation of Microorganism and Invertebrate Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and decided to address pollinators, including honey bees, at its Nineteenth Regular Session. Building on global assessments addressing pollinators published in 2016 and 2019, respectively, by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and FAO, this study provides up-to-date information on the status and trends of invertebrate pollinators, maps relevant regional and international initiatives, and identifies gaps and needs.