Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma From Theory To Phenomenology
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Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma From Theory To Phenomenology
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Author : Dekrayat K. Almaalol
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma From Theory To Phenomenology written by Dekrayat K. Almaalol and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Quantum chromodynamics categories.
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a deconfined phase of strongly interacting matter which can be described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The QGP filled the entire universe in the early moments after the big bang and is believed to exist in the present time in the core of massive neutron stars. Understanding the physical properties of QGP and its non-equilibrium dynamics requires solving the full non-perturbative QCD equations of motion, which is an unsolved problem at this time. Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs) can be used to reproduce the extreme conditions of the early universe and create a short-lived QGP in the laboratory; in what is called the ``little'' bang. The highly momentum-anisotropic far-from-equilibrium initial state created in these experiments evolves dynamically in three main stages: pre-equilibrium ([tau] 0.5 fm/c), thermalization/hydrodynamization ([tau] 0.5-2 fm/c), and finally freeze-out/hadronization ([tau]> 10 fm/c), where 1fm/c = 3x10^(-24) s. Each of these stages span a different regime of physics, with different relevant degrees of freedom and, therefore, are described by different theoretical models, such as QCD kinetic theory, dissipative hydrodynamics, and hadronic kinetic theory. This dissertation considers the impact of all three of these stages on our understanding of the QGP generated in URHICs, with the focus on better understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of the QGP, its path to equilibrium and the effect such non-equilibrium dynamics have on our ability to extract fundamental information about the QGP. This dissertation also provides theoretical insights into how to improve URHIC simulations by examining the impact of non-equilibrium corrections present during different stages of QGP evolution.
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
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Author : Nopoush Mohammad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma written by Nopoush Mohammad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments are currently the only controlled way to generate and study matter in the most extreme temperatures (T ~10e+12 K). At these temperatures matter undergoes a phase transition to an exotic phase of matter called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is an extremely hot and deconfined phase of matter where sub-nucleonic constituents (quarks and gluons) are asymptotically free. The QGP phase is important for different reasons. First of all, our universe existed in this phase up to approximately t ~10e-5 s after the Big Bang, before it cools down sufficiently to form any kind of quark bound states. In this regard, studying the QGP provides us with useful information about the dynamics and evolution of the early universe. Secondly, high-energy collisions serve as a microscope with a resolution on the order of 10e-15 m (several orders of magnitude more powerful than the best ever developed electron microscopes). With this fantastic probe, penetrating into the detailed structure of nucleons, and the discovery of new particles and fundamental phases are made possible. The dynamics of the QGP is based on quantum chromodynamics (which governs the interactions of quarks and gluons) and the associated force is "strong force". The strong collective behaviors observed experimentally inspired people to use dissipative fluid dynamics to model the dynamics of the medium. The QGP produced in heavy-ion collisions, experiences strong longitudinal expansion at early times which leads to a large momentum-space anisotropy in the local rest frame distribution function. The rapid longitudinal expansion casts doubt on the application of standard viscous hydrodynamics (vHydro) models, which lead to unphysical predictions such as negative pressure, negative one-particle distribution function, and so on. Anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) takes into account the strong momentum-space anisotropy in the leading order distribution function in a consistent and systematic way. My dissertation is about the formulation and application of anisotropic hydrodynamics as a successful non-equilibrium hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP. For this purpose, I introduce the basic conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics formalism and then explain the ways we included realistic features (bulk degree of freedom, quasiparticle implementation of realistic equation of state, more realistic collisional kernel), to make it a suitable hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP generated in heavy-ion collisions. For verification of our model we have compared the evolution of model parameters predicted by aHydro and vHydro, with exact analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose, we have studied the evolution of the system under conformal Gubser flow using the aHydro model. By transforming to de Sitter spacetime (a non-trivial curved coordinate system) we simplified the dynamics to 0+1d spacetime. Comparisons with exact solutions show that aHydro better reproduces the exact solutions than the best available vHydro models. However, the system is not conformal and the aHydro needed to be improved to include a realistic prescription for the equation of state which takes care of non-ideal effect in the dynamics. In the framework of finite temperature eld theory the equation of state is provided by numerical calculation of QCD partition function using lattice QCD (LQCD), whereas, devising an equation of state for aHydro model is challenging because therein we deal with anisotropic pressures. In the next step of my research, we have designed a novel method for implementing the realistic equation of state (provided by lattice QCD) in the aHydro formalism. This model, called the quasiparticle aHydro model, integrates the non-conformal effects in the aHydro model. The non-conformal effects are due to strong interactions of plasma constituents which leads to temperature-dependence of the particles' effective mass in the system. Based on the quasiparticle picture, we have developed the quasiparticle aHydro (aHydroQP) model which has all necessary components for studying the phenomenology of the QGP created in heavy-ion collisions. We have then compared the phenomenological predictions of the aHydroQP model with experimental observations. Comparisons illustrate a high level of consistency between our model and the experimental data. The last two chapters are about two applications of the aHydro model to field-theoretical measurables in the QGP. In these chapters, we have calculated the quark self-energy in an anisotropic QGP. The quark self-energy is important because it encodes the way quarks gain interactional mass while in the hot QGP. I also have presented the calculation of gluon self-energy in hard loop approximation in an anisotropic QGP.The gluon self-energy is important since it is related to heavy-quark potential and heavy quarkonium suppression. Heavy quarkonia bound states, besides theoretical importance, serve as a thermometer for the QGP.
Quark Gluon Plasma 3
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Author : Rudolph C. Hwa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Quark Gluon Plasma 3 written by Rudolph C. Hwa and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
Annotation. Text reviews the major topics in Quark-Gluon Plasma, including: the QCD phase diagram, the transition temperature, equation of state, heavy quark free energies, and thermal modifications of hadron properties. Includes index, references, and appendix. For researchers and practitioners.
Quark Gluon Plasma 4
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Author : Rudolph C. Hwa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010
Quark Gluon Plasma 4 written by Rudolph C. Hwa and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Science categories.
This is a review volume containing articles written by experts on current theoretical topics in the subject of Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It is the fourth volume in the series with the same title sequenced numerically. The articles are written in a pedagogical style so that they can be helpful to a wide range of researchers from graduate students to mature physicists who have not worked previously on the subject. A reader should be able to learn from the reviews without having extensive knowledge of the background literature.
Phenomenology Of Ultra Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010
Phenomenology Of Ultra Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions written by and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Heavy ion collisions categories.
An introduction to the main ideas used in the physics of ultra-realistic heavy-ion collisions, this book covers topics such as hot and dense matter and the formation of the quark-gluon plasma in present and future heavy-ion experiments
Nonequilibrium Probes Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
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Author : Babak Salehi Kasmaei
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Nonequilibrium Probes Of The Quark Gluon Plasma written by Babak Salehi Kasmaei and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The goal of high-energy nuclear physics is to understand the dynamics and properties of the various forms and phases of the strongly-interacting matter. Heavy-ion collision experiments are performed to deposit a large energy density in a very small volume of space and generate a form of extremely hot matter called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The behavior of the generated matter shows signatures of collectivity allowing phenomenological models based on statistical or fluid dynamical descriptions to be used successfully to analyze the outcomes the experiments. However, the very short lifetime and the extreme conditions of the QGP call for the construction of theoretical models based on the physics of nonequilibrium systems.Understanding the properties of QGP requires the study of collective excitations in the emergent many-body dynamics of the quarks and gluons as the fundamental objects in the theory of quantum chromodynamics. In this dissertation, the collective excitations of the nonequilibrium QGP are studied by calculating the quark and gluon self-energies within the hard loop effective theory. By extracting the solutions of the gluon dispersion relation in the complex plane, the presence of unstable modes in the momentum-anisotropic QGP is studied. The quark self-energy is also used to calculate the rate of photon emission from QGP in the subsequent studies performed as part of this dissertation. Electromagnetic probes (photons and dileptons) are considered among the best observables for extracting information about the early stages of evolution of the strongly interacting matter produced in heavy-ion collisions. In contrast to the hadrons, the emitted photons and leptons are not distorted by a strong coupling to the medium and they can escape the system with much larger mean free paths. Since the dilepton and photon emission rates from QGP are directly affected by the momentum distribution of the partonic degrees of freedom, their emission patterns can provide information about the nonequilibrium features of the system such as the momentum anisotropy of the distributions. In this dissertation, the effects of momentum anisotropy on the yields and elliptic flow coefficients of the dileptons and photons from QGP are investigated. The emission rates are calculated for distributions featuring ellipsoidal momentum anisotropies, and then the rates are convolved with the space-time evolution of the system using a relativistic hydrodynamical model. The effects of various parameters on the results are studied. In particular, the results are interpreted considering their connections to the extraction of early dynamics of QGP from future experimental data. Another important class of the probes of the nonequilibrium QGP is related to the dynamics of the heavy quarks in the system and their bound states. The properties of the heavy bound states, such as their decay rates, are affected by the hot and dense strongly interacting medium. Heavy quarks, due to their longer relaxation times, are also used to probe the transport properties of the QGP perturbed out of equilibrium. The potential for a bound state inside a hot medium may acquire an imaginary part. In this dissertation, the imaginary part of the heavy quark potential is calculated using classical-statistical simulations of the Yang-Mills theory on lattice. The connection of the results to the momentum diffusion of the heavy quarks is discussed. Lattice computation for the real-time dynamics of the non-Abelian theories allows for the nonperturbative analysis of the systems in and out of equilibrium.
Quark Gluon Plasma 4
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Author : Rudolph C Hwa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010-02-09
Quark Gluon Plasma 4 written by Rudolph C Hwa and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-09 with Science categories.
This is a review volume containing articles written by experts on current theoretical topics in the subject of Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It is the fourth volume in the series with the same title sequenced numerically. The articles are written in a pedagogical style so that they can be helpful to a wide range of researchers from graduate students to mature physicists who have not worked previously on the subject. A reader should be able to learn from the reviews without having extensive knowledge of the background literature.
Quark Gluon Plasma Heavy Ion Collisions And Hadrons
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Author : Edward V Shuryak
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2024-02-28
Quark Gluon Plasma Heavy Ion Collisions And Hadrons written by Edward V Shuryak and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-28 with Science categories.
This third book on Quark-Gluon plasma and heavy ion collisions follows the previous ones, published in 1988 and 2005, that described theoretical proposals for a large program, and then the QGP discovery at RHIC.The present one describes the rather mature field, with extensive program at RHIC and LHC colliders and corresponding theory. QGP turns out to be a strongly coupled medium made up of quarks and gluons, existing in exploding fireballs. It is the hottest form of matter created in a laboratory. Other subjects discussed in the book are QCD vacuum structure, including topological solitons and nonperturbative phenomena. It also includes some recent progress in theory of hadrons, bridging hadronic spectroscopy with partonic observables.
Collective Phenomena In The Non Equilibrium Quark Gluon Plasma
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Author : Björn Peter Schenke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Collective Phenomena In The Non Equilibrium Quark Gluon Plasma written by Björn Peter Schenke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Quark Gluon Plasma
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Author : Rudolph C. Hwa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated
Release Date : 1990-01-01
Quark Gluon Plasma written by Rudolph C. Hwa and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-01-01 with Science categories.
Though "at this point there is no uncontroversial evidence that a thermal quark-gluon plasma has [ever been observed]", that is not for want of thought and effort. The present volume contains fourteen theoretical papers which collectively provide graduate students and researchers with review of the present status of the topic, which touches upon much that is most fundamental about the structure of matter. Nicely edited, illustrated and produced (in Singapore). (NW) Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR