Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
DOWNLOAD
Download Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma From Theory To Phenomenology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dekrayat K. Almaalol
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma From Theory To Phenomenology written by Dekrayat K. Almaalol and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Quantum chromodynamics categories.
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a deconfined phase of strongly interacting matter which can be described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The QGP filled the entire universe in the early moments after the big bang and is believed to exist in the present time in the core of massive neutron stars. Understanding the physical properties of QGP and its non-equilibrium dynamics requires solving the full non-perturbative QCD equations of motion, which is an unsolved problem at this time. Ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions (URHICs) can be used to reproduce the extreme conditions of the early universe and create a short-lived QGP in the laboratory; in what is called the ``little'' bang. The highly momentum-anisotropic far-from-equilibrium initial state created in these experiments evolves dynamically in three main stages: pre-equilibrium ([tau] 0.5 fm/c), thermalization/hydrodynamization ([tau] 0.5-2 fm/c), and finally freeze-out/hadronization ([tau]> 10 fm/c), where 1fm/c = 3x10^(-24) s. Each of these stages span a different regime of physics, with different relevant degrees of freedom and, therefore, are described by different theoretical models, such as QCD kinetic theory, dissipative hydrodynamics, and hadronic kinetic theory. This dissertation considers the impact of all three of these stages on our understanding of the QGP generated in URHICs, with the focus on better understanding the non-equilibrium dynamics of the QGP, its path to equilibrium and the effect such non-equilibrium dynamics have on our ability to extract fundamental information about the QGP. This dissertation also provides theoretical insights into how to improve URHIC simulations by examining the impact of non-equilibrium corrections present during different stages of QGP evolution.
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
DOWNLOAD
Author : Nopoush Mohammad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Non Equilibrium Hydrodynamics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma written by Nopoush Mohammad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments are currently the only controlled way to generate and study matter in the most extreme temperatures (T ~10e+12 K). At these temperatures matter undergoes a phase transition to an exotic phase of matter called the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP is an extremely hot and deconfined phase of matter where sub-nucleonic constituents (quarks and gluons) are asymptotically free. The QGP phase is important for different reasons. First of all, our universe existed in this phase up to approximately t ~10e-5 s after the Big Bang, before it cools down sufficiently to form any kind of quark bound states. In this regard, studying the QGP provides us with useful information about the dynamics and evolution of the early universe. Secondly, high-energy collisions serve as a microscope with a resolution on the order of 10e-15 m (several orders of magnitude more powerful than the best ever developed electron microscopes). With this fantastic probe, penetrating into the detailed structure of nucleons, and the discovery of new particles and fundamental phases are made possible. The dynamics of the QGP is based on quantum chromodynamics (which governs the interactions of quarks and gluons) and the associated force is "strong force". The strong collective behaviors observed experimentally inspired people to use dissipative fluid dynamics to model the dynamics of the medium. The QGP produced in heavy-ion collisions, experiences strong longitudinal expansion at early times which leads to a large momentum-space anisotropy in the local rest frame distribution function. The rapid longitudinal expansion casts doubt on the application of standard viscous hydrodynamics (vHydro) models, which lead to unphysical predictions such as negative pressure, negative one-particle distribution function, and so on. Anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) takes into account the strong momentum-space anisotropy in the leading order distribution function in a consistent and systematic way. My dissertation is about the formulation and application of anisotropic hydrodynamics as a successful non-equilibrium hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP. For this purpose, I introduce the basic conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics formalism and then explain the ways we included realistic features (bulk degree of freedom, quasiparticle implementation of realistic equation of state, more realistic collisional kernel), to make it a suitable hydrodynamics model for studying the QGP generated in heavy-ion collisions. For verification of our model we have compared the evolution of model parameters predicted by aHydro and vHydro, with exact analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose, we have studied the evolution of the system under conformal Gubser flow using the aHydro model. By transforming to de Sitter spacetime (a non-trivial curved coordinate system) we simplified the dynamics to 0+1d spacetime. Comparisons with exact solutions show that aHydro better reproduces the exact solutions than the best available vHydro models. However, the system is not conformal and the aHydro needed to be improved to include a realistic prescription for the equation of state which takes care of non-ideal effect in the dynamics. In the framework of finite temperature eld theory the equation of state is provided by numerical calculation of QCD partition function using lattice QCD (LQCD), whereas, devising an equation of state for aHydro model is challenging because therein we deal with anisotropic pressures. In the next step of my research, we have designed a novel method for implementing the realistic equation of state (provided by lattice QCD) in the aHydro formalism. This model, called the quasiparticle aHydro model, integrates the non-conformal effects in the aHydro model. The non-conformal effects are due to strong interactions of plasma constituents which leads to temperature-dependence of the particles' effective mass in the system. Based on the quasiparticle picture, we have developed the quasiparticle aHydro (aHydroQP) model which has all necessary components for studying the phenomenology of the QGP created in heavy-ion collisions. We have then compared the phenomenological predictions of the aHydroQP model with experimental observations. Comparisons illustrate a high level of consistency between our model and the experimental data. The last two chapters are about two applications of the aHydro model to field-theoretical measurables in the QGP. In these chapters, we have calculated the quark self-energy in an anisotropic QGP. The quark self-energy is important because it encodes the way quarks gain interactional mass while in the hot QGP. I also have presented the calculation of gluon self-energy in hard loop approximation in an anisotropic QGP.The gluon self-energy is important since it is related to heavy-quark potential and heavy quarkonium suppression. Heavy quarkonia bound states, besides theoretical importance, serve as a thermometer for the QGP.
Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
DOWNLOAD
Author : Akihiko Monnai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-20
Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamic Description Of The Quark Gluon Plasma written by Akihiko Monnai and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-20 with Science categories.
This thesis presents theoretical and numerical studies on phenomenological description of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), a many-body system of elementary particles. The author formulates a causal theory of hydrodynamics for systems with net charges from the law of increasing entropy and a momentum expansion method. The derived equation results can be applied not only to collider physics, but also to the early universe and ultra-cold atoms. The author also develops novel off-equilibrium hydrodynamic models for the longitudinal expansion of the QGP on the basis of these equations. Numerical estimations show that convection and entropy production during the hydrodynamic evolution are key to explaining excessive charged particle production, recently observed at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, the analyses at finite baryon density indicate that the energy available for QGP production is larger than the amount conventionally assumed.
The Physics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sourav Sarkar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-11-25
The Physics Of The Quark Gluon Plasma written by Sourav Sarkar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-25 with Science categories.
The aim of this book is to offer to the next generation of young researchers a broad and largely self-contained introduction to the physics of heavy ion collisions and the quark-gluon plasma, providing material beyond that normally found in the available textbooks. For each of the main aspects - QCD thermodynamics and global features of the QGP, collision hydrodynamics, electromagnetic probes, jet and quarkonium production, color glass condensate, and the gravity connection - the present volume provides extensive and pedagogical lectures, surveying the present status of both theory and experiment. A particular feature of this volume is that all lectures have been written with the active assistance of selected students present at the course in order to ensure the adequate level and coverage for the intended readership.
Nonequilibrium Phenomena In Strongly Correlated Systems
DOWNLOAD
Author : David Blaschke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Nonequilibrium Phenomena In Strongly Correlated Systems written by David Blaschke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The book is devoted to the fundamental aspects of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics of many-particle systems. The concept of Zubarev's approach, which generalizes the notion of Gibbs' ensembles, and introduces a nonequilibrium statistical operator, providing an adequate basis for dealing with strongly correlated systems that are governed by nonperturbative phenomena, such as the formation of bound states, quantum condensates and the instability of the vacuum. Besides a general introduction to the formalism, this book contains contributions devoted to the applications of Zubarev's method to the solution of modern problems in different fields of physics: transport theory, hydrodynamics, high-energy physics, quark-gluon plasma and hadron production in heavy-ion collisions. The book provides valuable information for researchers and students in these fields, requiring powerful concepts to solve fundamental problems of non-equilibrium phenomena in strongly.
Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In And Out Of Equilibrium
DOWNLOAD
Author : Paul Romatschke
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-09
Relativistic Fluid Dynamics In And Out Of Equilibrium written by Paul Romatschke and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-09 with Science categories.
Presents a powerful new framework for out-of-equilibrium hydrodynamics, with connections to kinetic theory, AdS/CFT and applications to high-energy particle collisions.
Quark Gluon Plasma 4
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rudolph C. Hwa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010
Quark Gluon Plasma 4 written by Rudolph C. Hwa and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Science categories.
This is a review volume containing articles written by experts on current theoretical topics in the subject of Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. It is the fourth volume in the series with the same title sequenced numerically. The articles are written in a pedagogical style so that they can be helpful to a wide range of researchers from graduate students to mature physicists who have not worked previously on the subject. A reader should be able to learn from the reviews without having extensive knowledge of the background literature.
Quark Gluon Plasma 3
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rudolph C. Hwa
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Quark Gluon Plasma 3 written by Rudolph C. Hwa and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
Annotation. Text reviews the major topics in Quark-Gluon Plasma, including: the QCD phase diagram, the transition temperature, equation of state, heavy quark free energies, and thermal modifications of hadron properties. Includes index, references, and appendix. For researchers and practitioners.
Characterizing The Non Equilibrium Quark Gluon Plasma With Photons And Hadrons
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jean-François Paquet
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Characterizing The Non Equilibrium Quark Gluon Plasma With Photons And Hadrons written by Jean-François Paquet and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
"Heavy ion collisions can be used to study the properties of nuclear matter in extreme conditions. These events concentrate enough energy in a small volume to melt the colliding nuclei into a plasma of quarks and gluons. This plasma appears to achieve near local thermal equilibrium during its very short lifetime, allowing for its long scale properties to be investigated with hydrodynamics. In this thesis, the production of hadrons and photons in heavy ion collisions is studied using a sophisticated hydrodynamical model that includes realistic initial conditions, hydrodynamical equations with both shear and bulk viscosities, along with an appropriate treatment of final state hadronic rescatterings. A wide range of hadronic observables, measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are shown to be described well by this model, and bulk viscosity is found to be essential to this level of agreement with data. Building on this successful model, direct photon production in heavy ion collisions is studied. The effect on photon emission of the emitting medium's viscosity is investigated, and the method for evaluating direct photon momentum anisotropies for comparisons with experimental measurements is clarified. Both the direct photon spectrum and momentum anisotropy are shown to be within or slightly below the uncertainties of available experimental measurements." --
Pre Equilibrium Plasma Dynamics
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Pre Equilibrium Plasma Dynamics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
Approaches towards understanding and describing the pre-equilibrium stage of quark-gluon plasma formation in heavy-ion collisions are reviewed. Focus is on a kinetic theory approach to non-equilibrium dynamics, its extension to include the dynamics of color degrees of freedom when applied to the quark-gluon plasma, its quantum field theoretical foundations, and its relationship to both the particle formation stage at the very beginning of the nuclear collision and the hydrodynamic stage at late collision times. The usefulness of this approach to obtain the transport coefficients in the quark-gluon plasma and to derive the collective mode spectrum and damping rates in this phase are discussed. Comments are made on the general difficulty to find appropriated initial conditions to get the kinetic theory started, and a specific model is given that demonstrates that, once given such initial conditions, the system can be followed all the way through into the hydrodynamical regime. 39 refs., 7 figs. (LEW).