Non Euclidean Geometry And Curvature
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Non Euclidean Geometry And Curvature
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Author : James W. Cannon
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2017-11-08
Non Euclidean Geometry And Curvature written by James W. Cannon and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-08 with Mathematics categories.
This is the final volume of a three volume collection devoted to the geometry, topology, and curvature of 2-dimensional spaces. The collection provides a guided tour through a wide range of topics by one of the twentieth century's masters of geometric topology. The books are accessible to college and graduate students and provide perspective and insight to mathematicians at all levels who are interested in geometry and topology. Einstein showed how to interpret gravity as the dynamic response to the curvature of space-time. Bill Thurston showed us that non-Euclidean geometries and curvature are essential to the understanding of low-dimensional spaces. This third and final volume aims to give the reader a firm intuitive understanding of these concepts in dimension 2. The volume first demonstrates a number of the most important properties of non-Euclidean geometry by means of simple infinite graphs that approximate that geometry. This is followed by a long chapter taken from lectures the author gave at MSRI, which explains a more classical view of hyperbolic non-Euclidean geometry in all dimensions. Finally, the author explains a natural intrinsic obstruction to flattening a triangulated polyhedral surface into the plane without distorting the constituent triangles. That obstruction extends intrinsically to smooth surfaces by approximation and is called curvature. Gauss's original definition of curvature is extrinsic rather than intrinsic. The final two chapters show that the book's intrinsic definition is equivalent to Gauss's extrinsic definition (Gauss's “Theorema Egregium” (“Great Theorem”)).
Non Euclidean Geometry And Curvature
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Author : James W. Cannon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Non Euclidean Geometry And Curvature written by James W. Cannon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with MATHEMATICS categories.
This is the final volume of a three volume collection devoted to the geometry, topology, and curvature of 2-dimensional spaces. The collection provides a guided tour through a wide range of topics by one of the twentieth century's masters of geometric topology. The books are accessible to college and graduate students and provide perspective and insight to mathematicians at all levels who are interested in geometry and topology. Einstein showed how to interpret gravity as the dynamic response to the curvature of space-time. Bill Thurston showed us that non-Euclidean geometries and curvature are essential to the understanding of low-dimensional spaces. This third and final volume aims to give the reader a firm intuitive understanding of these concepts in dimension 2. The volume first demonstrates a number of the most important properties of non-Euclidean geometry by means of simple infinite graphs that approximate that geometry. This is followed by a long chapter taken from lectures the author gave at MSRI, which explains a more classical view of hyperbolic non-Euclidean geometry in all dimensions. Finally, the author explains a natural intrinsic obstruction to flattening a triangulated polyhedral surface into the plane without distorting the constituent triangles. That obstruction extends intrinsically to smooth surfaces by approximation and is called curvature. Gauss's original definition of curvature is extrinsic rather than intrinsic. The final two chapters show that the book's intrinsic definition is equivalent to Gauss's extrinsic definition (Gauss's "Theorema Egregium" ("Great Theorem"))
Geometry With An Introduction To Cosmic Topology
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Author : Michael P. Hitchman
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Release Date : 2009
Geometry With An Introduction To Cosmic Topology written by Michael P. Hitchman and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Mathematics categories.
The content of Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology is motivated by questions that have ignited the imagination of stargazers since antiquity. What is the shape of the universe? Does the universe have and edge? Is it infinitely big? Dr. Hitchman aims to clarify this fascinating area of mathematics. This non-Euclidean geometry text is organized intothree natural parts. Chapter 1 provides an overview including a brief history of Geometry, Surfaces, and reasons to study Non-Euclidean Geometry. Chapters 2-7 contain the core mathematical content of the text, following the ErlangenProgram, which develops geometry in terms of a space and a group of transformations on that space. Finally chapters 1 and 8 introduce (chapter 1) and explore (chapter 8) the topic of cosmic topology through the geometry learned in the preceding chapters.
The Elements Of Non Euclidean Geometry
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Author : D. M.Y. Sommerville
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-05-24
The Elements Of Non Euclidean Geometry written by D. M.Y. Sommerville and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-24 with Mathematics categories.
Renowned for its lucid yet meticulous exposition, this classic allows students to follow the development of non-Euclidean geometry from a fundamental analysis of the concept of parallelism to more advanced topics. 1914 edition. Includes 133 figures.
Non Euclidean Geometry
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Author : Roberto Bonola
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-08-15
Non Euclidean Geometry written by Roberto Bonola and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-15 with Mathematics categories.
Examines various attempts to prove Euclid's parallel postulate — by the Greeks, Arabs, and Renaissance mathematicians. It considers forerunners and founders such as Saccheri, Lambert, Legendre, W. Bolyai, Gauss, others. Includes 181 diagrams.
The Fourth Dimension And Non Euclidean Geometry In Modern Art Revised Edition
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Author : Linda Dalrymple Henderson
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2018-05-18
The Fourth Dimension And Non Euclidean Geometry In Modern Art Revised Edition written by Linda Dalrymple Henderson and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-18 with Art categories.
The long-awaited new edition of a groundbreaking work on the impact of alternative concepts of space on modern art. In this groundbreaking study, first published in 1983 and unavailable for over a decade, Linda Dalrymple Henderson demonstrates that two concepts of space beyond immediate perception—the curved spaces of non-Euclidean geometry and, most important, a higher, fourth dimension of space—were central to the development of modern art. The possibility of a spatial fourth dimension suggested that our world might be merely a shadow or section of a higher dimensional existence. That iconoclastic idea encouraged radical innovation by a variety of early twentieth-century artists, ranging from French Cubists, Italian Futurists, and Marcel Duchamp, to Max Weber, Kazimir Malevich, and the artists of De Stijl and Surrealism. In an extensive new Reintroduction, Henderson surveys the impact of interest in higher dimensions of space in art and culture from the 1950s to 2000. Although largely eclipsed by relativity theory beginning in the 1920s, the spatial fourth dimension experienced a resurgence during the later 1950s and 1960s. In a remarkable turn of events, it has returned as an important theme in contemporary culture in the wake of the emergence in the 1980s of both string theory in physics (with its ten- or eleven-dimensional universes) and computer graphics. Henderson demonstrates the importance of this new conception of space for figures ranging from Buckminster Fuller, Robert Smithson, and the Park Place Gallery group in the 1960s to Tony Robbin and digital architect Marcos Novak.
Non Euclidean Geometries
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Author : András Prékopa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-06-03
Non Euclidean Geometries written by András Prékopa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-03 with Mathematics categories.
"From nothing I have created a new different world," wrote János Bolyai to his father, Wolgang Bolyai, on November 3, 1823, to let him know his discovery of non-Euclidean geometry, as we call it today. The results of Bolyai and the co-discoverer, the Russian Lobachevskii, changed the course of mathematics, opened the way for modern physical theories of the twentieth century, and had an impact on the history of human culture. The papers in this volume, which commemorates the 200th anniversary of the birth of János Bolyai, were written by leading scientists of non-Euclidean geometry, its history, and its applications. Some of the papers present new discoveries about the life and works of János Bolyai and the history of non-Euclidean geometry, others deal with geometrical axiomatics; polyhedra; fractals; hyperbolic, Riemannian and discrete geometry; tilings; visualization; and applications in physics.
New Perspective On Relativity A An Odyssey In Non Euclidean Geometries
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Author : Bernard H Lavenda
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2011-10-10
New Perspective On Relativity A An Odyssey In Non Euclidean Geometries written by Bernard H Lavenda and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-10 with Science categories.
Starting off from noneuclidean geometries, apart from the method of Einstein's equations, this book derives and describes the phenomena of gravitation and diffraction. A historical account is presented, exposing the missing link in Einstein's construction of the theory of general relativity: the uniformly rotating disc, together with his failure to realize, that the Beltrami metric of hyperbolic geometry with constant curvature describes exactly the uniform acceleration observed.This book also explores these questions:
Introduction To Non Euclidean Geometry
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Author : Harold E. Wolfe
language : en
Publisher: Read Books Ltd
Release Date : 2011-03-23
Introduction To Non Euclidean Geometry written by Harold E. Wolfe and has been published by Read Books Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-23 with Science categories.
This book has been written in an attempt to provide a satisfactory textbook to be used as a basis for elementary courses in Non-Euclidean Geometry. The need for such a volume, definitely intended for classroom use and containing substantial lists of exercises, has been evident for some time. It is hoped that this one will meet the requirements of those instructors who have been teaching the subject regularly, and also that its appearance will encourage others to institute such courses. The benefits and amenities of a formal study of Non-Euclidean Geometry are generally recognized. Not only is the subject matter itself valuable and intensely fascinating, well worth the time of any student of mathematics, but there is probably no elementary course which exhibits so clearly the nature and significance of geometry and, indeed, of mathematics in general. However, a mere cursory acquaintance with the subject will not do. One must follow its development at least a little way to see how things come out, and try his hand at demonstrating propositions under circumstances such that intuition no longer serves as a guide.
The Elements Of Non Euclidean Geometry
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Author : Julian Lowell Coolidge, PhD
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-06-04
The Elements Of Non Euclidean Geometry written by Julian Lowell Coolidge, PhD and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-04 with categories.
In this book Dr. Coolidge explains non-Euclidean geometry which consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those specifying Euclidean geometry. As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises when either the metric requirement is relaxed, or the parallel postulate is replaced with an alternative one. In the latter case one obtains hyperbolic geometry and elliptic geometry, the traditional non-Euclidean geometries. When the metric requirement is relaxed, then there are affine planes associated with the planar algebras which give rise to kinematic geometries that have also been called non-Euclidean geometry. The essential difference between the metric geometries is the nature of parallel lines. Euclid's fifth postulate, the parallel postulate, is equivalent to Playfair's postulate, which states that, within a two-dimensional plane, for any given line l and a point A, which is not on l, there is exactly one line through A that does not intersect l. In hyperbolic geometry, by contrast, there are infinitely many lines through A not intersecting l, while in elliptic geometry, any line through A intersects l. Another way to describe the differences between these geometries is to consider two straight lines indefinitely extended in a two-dimensional plane that are both perpendicular to a third line: In Euclidean geometry, the lines remain at a constant distance from each other (meaning that a line drawn perpendicular to one line at any point will intersect the other line and the length of the line segment joining the points of intersection remains constant) and are known as parallels. In hyperbolic geometry, they "curve away" from each other, increasing in distance as one moves further from the points of intersection with the common perpendicular; these lines are often called ultraparallels. In elliptic geometry, the lines "curve toward" each other and intersect.