Non Neuronal Cells In Alzheimer S Disease
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Non Neuronal Cells In Alzheimer S Disease
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Author : P Zatta
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1995-12-21
Non Neuronal Cells In Alzheimer S Disease written by P Zatta and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-12-21 with Medical categories.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology which represents the most common neurodegenerative disorder. AD is the major cause of senile dementia, affecting approximately 5% of the population over 70. This syndrome is characterized by loss of short-term memory and progressive impairment of intellectual functions. No established therapeutic strategy has been found so far. Until recently, much of the literature on AD discussed the effects of this syndrome on the CNS. In the last few years, however, a large amount of information has appeared which underscored the importance of studying AD from other perspectives with the view of identifying reliable biological markers. The amyloid precursor proteins (APPs), for instance, constitute a complex family of membrane-bound and soluble glycoproteins that are derived by alternative splicing of a gene on chromosome 21. In the hemopoietic system, APPs have been detected in a number of cell types, such as leukocytes, megakaryocytes and platelets. In addition plasma contains picomolar concentrations of APP isoforms most likely derived from platelets. Abnormalities were also detected in the electrophoretic profile of erythrocytic membranes from AD patients. Numerous abnormalities have been proposed as peripheral markers for AD and several laboratories around the world are deeply involved in this challenging research. This book provides up-to-date information, as review chapters, on non-neuronal cells, with the aim of stimulating the formulation of potential diagnostic-therapeutic strategies. Contents:Foreword (P Zatta & M Nicolini)The Blood-Brain Barrier in Aluminium Toxicity and Alzheimer's Disease (W A Banks et al.)Cerebrospinal Fluid Biochemical Markers in Alzheimer's Disease (K Blennow)Platelet and Erythrocyte Membrane Microviscosity in Alzheimer's Disease: The Effect of Metals (S J van Rensburg et al.)Erythrocyte Aging, Anion Exchange Proteins, and Alzheimer's Disease (G J C G M Bosman & W J de Grip)Structural and Functional Changes in Erythrocytes and Platelets in Alzheimer's Disease (I Hajimohammadreza & M J Brammer)The Amyloid Protein Precursor of Alzheimer's Disease in Human Platelets and Kidney (Q X Li et al.)Proliferative Properties of Skin Cultured Fibroblasts in Alzheimer's Disease (S Sorbi & G Tesco)Membrane Cytoskeletal Protein Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease (D A Butterfield)Mitochondria, Aging, and Neurological Diseases (J P Blass et al.)The Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Amyloid Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease (D W Dickson et al.)Relationships of Glia to Inflammatory Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis (L Brachova et al.)The Role of Microglial Cells in Alzheimer's Disease (D M A Mann)Glial Cell Extracellular Matrix in Alzheimer's Disease (D A Dewitt et al.)Role of Inflammation and Complement Activation in Alzheimer's Disease (R Veerhuis et al.)Non-Neuronal Cells Involved in β-Amyloid Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease (H M Wisniewski & J Wegiel)Trace Elements in Non-Neuronal Tissues in Alzheimer's Disease (W D Ehmann et al.) Readership: Neurologists, neuroscientists, geriatricians, psychiatrists, epidemiologists, biomedical research scientists, pathologists and graduate students. keywords: “… the chapters are well written and informative … the book is well organized and will be of interest to a wide audience.” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
Non Neuronal Cells Of The Nervous System
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Author : Leif Hertz
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2004
Non Neuronal Cells Of The Nervous System written by Leif Hertz and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Electronic books categories.
Annotation The brain, and the rest of the nervous system, consists of nerve cells (neurons) and non-neuronal cells (glial cells), which by far outnumber the neurons, but in the past have received much less attention. This began to change about 30 years ago with the realization that glial cells carry out very important functions, generally in collaboration with the nerve cells. Evidence is now starting to accumulate that glial cells, especially astrocytes and microglia, may be major (in some cases the main) players in a multitude of neurological and mental diseases, and that different types of glial cells interact not only with nerve cells but also with each other and with cells lining brain tissue and controlling exchange of nutrients and other compounds between the brain and the rest of the body. Understanding of these interactions during normal function and in disease states is hampered by the fact that general knowledge of cellular interactions during brain function is limited. These books present an attempt to remedy this situation. In the first two volumes, basic information about cell types and biochemical and physiological interactions between these cells is provided by leading experts in the field, and in the last part emerging evidence of the importance of such cellular interactions in several of the most important neurological and mental diseases is presented by leading researchers working actively in the field in question.
Primary Glial And Immune Cell Pathology In Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Author : Andras Lakatos
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-21
Primary Glial And Immune Cell Pathology In Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Andras Lakatos and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with Medical categories.
Neuro Inflammation In Neuronal Death And Repair
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Author : Giacinto Bagetta
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-07-25
Neuro Inflammation In Neuronal Death And Repair written by Giacinto Bagetta and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-25 with Medical categories.
Neuroinflammation has been implicated recently in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. The cross-talk between neurons and non-neuronal cells seems to be a critical step in the progression of neurodegeneration and molecules that have a beneficial role may turn into harmful players. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are involved in axonal growth and regeneration as well as synaptic plasticity, may also have detrimental effects. Recent evidence has linked MMPs to conditions like ischemia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and suggested that, together with their role in the degradation of extracellular macromolecules, MMPs could work as important signalling molecules from injured neurons to the microglia. Thus, MMP-3 has been shown to induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia via activation of ERK and NF-kB-dependent pathways. Increasing evidence highlights the importance of a balanced cross-talk between neurons and non-neuronal cells and indicates that the presence of reactive astrocytes, the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediators may contribute to the progression of many central nervous system disorders, independently of the nature of the primary pathogenic event. However, many aspects still remain controversial and much more effort is needed to understand the role of neuroinflammatory mediators and processes in these conditions. This volume brings together renowned, international scientists to discuss current knowledge and views on the mechanisms of neuroinflammation, on its role in the context of different neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Alzheimer's, prion disease, HIV-associated dementia, multiple sclerosis, pain) and on the potential approaches for future therapeutic strategies.
The Aging Mind
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-04-18
The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-04-18 with Social Science categories.
Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
Neuronal Cell Death And Repair
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Author : A. Claudio Cuello
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Neuronal Cell Death And Repair written by A. Claudio Cuello and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Brain categories.
This text deals with concepts and experimental possibilities which could not have been anticipated 10 years ago. Recent hard evidence that neuronal cells in the central nervous system possess a capability for recovery after trauma well beyond that previously recognized poses many fundamental and secondary questions. For example: is there a programmed cell death phenomenon in the mature brain? Under what circumstances do neurotransmitters promote trophic responses in neurons or provoke cell death? How might environmental or toxic molecules be responsible for specific neuronal damage? conference on which this volume is partly based. Various additional invited papers are contained in this work on neuronal cell death and repair.
Molecular Neurobiology Of Alzheimer Disease And Related Disorders
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Author : Masatoshi Takeda
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2004
Molecular Neurobiology Of Alzheimer Disease And Related Disorders written by Masatoshi Takeda and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
Alzheimers disease affects 6-10% of the elderly population, causing impairment in cognitive functions and significant disability in daily living for more than ten years. Neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposits and neuronal loss are the three hallmarks of Alzheimers disease. Due to insolubility of these unique structures in Alzheimer brain tissue, they were very difficult to study by usual biochemical methods in the past. Active research is now going on to elucidate the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease. Major topics of neurobiological study of Alzheimers disease include the unraveling of the molecular mechanism of neurofibrillary tangle formation in neuronal and glial cells, the molecular processing of amyloid precursor protein in intracellular organella and in extra-cellular space, and the molecular mechanism of neuronal loss. The articles in this book were selected from contributions presented by leading scientists in this field at the international symposium which took place in Osaka in 2002. This publication is essential reading for all researchers, clinicians, basic and social scientists, neurologists and psychiatrists to promote the understanding of this formidable disease.
Interaction Between Neurons And Glia In Aging And Disease
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Author : Ana Cristina Rego
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-09
Interaction Between Neurons And Glia In Aging And Disease written by Ana Cristina Rego and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-09 with Medical categories.
A superb source of reference reviews as well as a concise overview of the functional cross-talk between neurons and glial cells, this book also focuses on microglia and inflammation in the aging brain and in neurological disorders. The scientific spectrum covered by this book is of key interest, and is recognized by the scientific community as a major competitive area with critical implications for human health.
Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Neuronal Plasticity
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Author : Yigal H. Ehrlich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Of Neuronal Plasticity written by Yigal H. Ehrlich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Numerous studies have proven the biological basis of memory formation and have begun to identify the biochemical traces and cellular circuits that are formed by experience, and which participate int the storage of information in the brain, its retention for long durations, and its retrieval upon demand. Cells in the nervous system have the capability of undergoing extremely long-lasting alterations in response to hormonal, pharmacological, and environmental stimulations. The mechanisms underlying this neuronal plasticity are activated by experiential inputs and operate in the process of learning and the formation of memories in the brain. This volume presents research areas which have not been highlighted in the past. In addition to studies on the involement of functional proteins in neuronal adaptation, this volume presents recent developments on the critical roles of bioactive lipids and nucleotides in these processes. In addition to the widely studied role of second messengers, a review of studies on extracellular phosphorylation systems operating on the surface of brain neurons is presented.The first section of the volume presents studies of basic mechanisms operating in a wide range of adaptive processes. The second section presents recent advances in investigations that have demonstrated the clinical implications of this research. These include: state of the art use of transgenic models in studies of molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in familial Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; studies of specific proteins implicated in Alzheimer's disease, including an adapter that binds to the beta-amyloid precurser protein (beta-APP) and the microtubular protein Tau and its membrane-bound counterpart. The advantages of using cell culture models for elucidating the causes of neuronal degeneration and for identifying mechanisms of neuroprotection are also presented among the chapters in the section on clinical implications.
Bursting Neurons And Fading Memories
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Author : Michael R. D'Andrea
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-10-10
Bursting Neurons And Fading Memories written by Michael R. D'Andrea and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-10 with Science categories.
Advances in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research have been challenging and without major breakthroughs in understanding its pathological basis. The reigning hypothesis suggests AD is the result of extracellular amyloid deposition that seed to form amyloid plaques, which then grow and kill neighboring neurons. However, there are several inconsistencies with this hypothesis, not to mention the inability to show clinical benefit in several failed clinical trials by pharmaceuticals (i.e., from Pfizer, Eli Lilly, etc.), and it is in the field’s best interest to explore and test multiple hypotheses for pathology rather than drive the majority of research on this single amyloid theory. Reviewing many scientifically peer-reviewed publications, this book describes the "Inside-Out" hypothesis on how amyloid escapes the circulatory system through a dysfunctional blood-brain barrier to bind to the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on pyramidal neurons. Over time, excessive amounts of amyloid appear to be internalized, resulting in neuron death and lysis. This simple mechanism readily explains plaque composition, size, shape, and location. Based on the current direction of research in the field, this hypothesis appears years from any research and development. The clear, compelling, and unifying "Inside-Out" hypothesis of AD is brought to life through a string of scientific publications, synthesizing many known features of disease pathology A high-level text on AD pathology, and suggestions for progress in a stagnating field Point-by-point discussion on the issues surrounding the current amyloid cascade, and possible reasons why current clinical trials have failed Contains high-quality photomicrographs in support of the "Inside-Out" hypothesis using single, double, and triple immunohistochemistry on human AD CNS tissues Chapters address the need for a unifying plaque nomenclature, the importance of intracellular amyloid, the blood-brain barrier, inflammation, and autoimmunity