Non Reciprocal Materials And Systems

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Non Reciprocal Materials And Systems

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Author : Prabhakar Bandaru
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-01-22

Non Reciprocal Materials And Systems written by Prabhakar Bandaru and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Non-Reciprocal Materials and Systems: An Engineering Approach to the Control of Light, Sound, and Heat discusses the related concept of bound states which help confine sound and electromagnetic waves and can also lead to the control of thermal energy. The requirements for the formation of such bound states, their relationship to physical and topological characteristics of materials, and the possible application to new devices is considered. The book takes a unique approach to energy transfer in and between materials systems - considering dimensional effects, supersonic, transonic and subsonic wave motion, as well as the coupling of waves. This book is suitable for researchers in materials science, condensed matter physics, electrical, mechanical, and structural engineering, and technologists aiming for better control of non-electronic physical phenomena. Provides information on how to use specific features in new and artificial materials for the control of sound, light and heat Explores dimensional considerations such as surface material phenomena that can be decoupled from bulk materials or the inside of a material Discusses new device concepts and related technologies such as energy sources, isolators, and diodes involving energy confinement

Subwavelength And Nonreciprocal Optical And Electromagnetic Systems For Sensing And Communications

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Author : Ian Alexander Durant Williamson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Subwavelength And Nonreciprocal Optical And Electromagnetic Systems For Sensing And Communications written by Ian Alexander Durant Williamson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

This dissertation is organized into three parts. First, the design for a radio frequency fiber transmission line built out of a grid of micrometer-scale conductors embedded in an insulating polymer cladding is presented to mitigate the skin and proximity effects. By adopting a checkerboard out-of-phase current phasing scheme, the internal inductance of the line is significantly lower than in two-conductor lines and results in an LC bandwidth of approximately 2 GHz, with flat attenuation and linear phase dispersion. The device performance is characterized in terms of its geometric degrees of freedom and a fabricated prototype is presented. Second, the kinetic inductive and plasmonic response of monolayer graphene in the terahertz spectrum is examined in the context of several important applications. The dispersive responses of two-dimensional graphene and three-dimensional copper transmission lines are compared to map the dispersive signaling performance in terms of transmission line cross-sectional size. This demonstrates a surprisingly broadband LC response with flat attenuation in nano-scale lines. This kinetic inductive response of graphene is demonstrated to miniaturize the photonic band structure of a photonic crystal slab where an in-plane periodicity of 300 nm has its photonic band gap in the terahertz spectrum. The sub-diffraction photonic band structure resembles that of the two-dimensional photonic crystal, supporting a wide photonic band gap in extremely thin slabs. The viability of graphene for cavity optomechanics is analyzed from near infrared to terahertz wavelengths, demonstrating a large optomechanical coupling, on the order of 3D optomechanical materials. Third, a class of nonreciprocal devices is proposed based on coupling to the sideband states, called Floquet resonances, that arise in temporally modulated optical resonators. The degrees of freedom in the modulating waveform tailor the energy exchange and phase of the Floquet resonances to realize unique nonreciprocal spectral responses in compact devices. We examine optical scattering from Floquet resonators coupled to narrowband waveguides using temporal coupled-mode theory. A three-port circulator is built out of a cascade of Floquet resonators to demonstrate broadband forward transmission and ideal isolation for dual-carrier waves. Full-wave numerical simulations in the coupled frequency domain demonstrate the circulator in an on-chip photonic crystal platform

Nonmagnetic Optical Isolation And Circulation With Meta Surfaces And Integrated Photonics

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Author : Yu Shi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Nonmagnetic Optical Isolation And Circulation With Meta Surfaces And Integrated Photonics written by Yu Shi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

Nonreciprocal optical components, such as optical isolators and circulators, allow light to transmit in one direction but block its transmission in the opposite direction. Such devices play an indispensable role in photonic systems, as they provide lasers with feedback protection and mitigate multi-path interference in communication channels. Constructing nonreciprocal devices require the breaking of Lorentz reciprocity, which has traditionally been achieved with magneto-optical materials. This method, however, is incompatible with integrated photonics platforms, most notably silicon photonics, because most standard optoelectronic materials do not exhibit magneto-optical effects. As such, there has been a significant demand for achieving optical isolation without magneto-optic materials. In this Thesis, we present our recent advancements in using nonmagnetic approaches for constructing nonreciprocal optical devices. First, we discuss the use of nonlinear optics for optical isolation and highlight some of their fundamental limitations. Next, we focus on the use of dynamic modulation of refractive index to achieve nonreciprocal manipulation of light. In particular, we discuss our recent developments in the simulation of dynamically modulated optical devices, as well as the design and demonstration of optical isolators and circulators on both meta-surface and integrated photonics platforms. These elements provide the basis for robust photonic systems, improve the flexibility in optical designs, and expand the degrees of control over light propagation.

Magneto Optical Oxide Thin Films And Integrated Nonreciprocal Photonic Devices

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Author : Lei Bi (Ph.D.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Magneto Optical Oxide Thin Films And Integrated Nonreciprocal Photonic Devices written by Lei Bi (Ph.D.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

Nonreciprocal photonic devices including optical isolators and optical circulators are indispensible components in present day optical communication systems. Although highly desired by the fast development of silicon photonics, monolithically integrating such devices on a semiconductor platform has been challenging for decades both due to material incompatibility and device designs. In this thesis, we focus on developing material and device candidates for monolithically integrated nonreciprocal photonic devices on silicon. Several magneto-optical oxide thin films including epitaxial magnetically doped perovskites and polycrystalline garnets were demonstrated with high figure of merit at communication wavelengths, while epitaxial orthoferrite films were understood to have challenges in achieving either thermodynamically limited cation ordering or kinetically limited single crystal orientations. High figure of merits of 3~4 deg/dB and 20 deg/dB were achieved in epitaxial Sr(Tio.2Gao.Feo.4)0 3 films and in polycrystalline (CeY2)FesO 12 films stabilized by a thin Y3Fe5O12 polycrystalline layer on oxidized silicon respectively. Based on these materials, novel photonic devices including nonreciprocal strip-loaded waveguides and resonators were simulated and experimentally demonstrated. Strong nonreciprocal phase shift (NRPS) has been demonstrated in chalcogenide glass/magnetic oxide and magnetic oxide/silicon strip-loaded waveguides by numerical simulations. A nonreciprocal optical racetrack resonator based on polycrystalline garnet/silicon strip-loaded waveguides was experimentally demonstrated. This monolithically integrated device showed ~10 times footprint reduction compared to conventional nonreciprocal photonic device designs, which may serve as a fundamental structure in a variety of ultra compact photonic devices such as optical isolators, circulators, switches and modulators in the future.

Nonreciprocal And Exotic Radiative Transfer In Type I Magnetic Weyl Semimetals

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Author : Simo Pajovic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021

Nonreciprocal And Exotic Radiative Transfer In Type I Magnetic Weyl Semimetals written by Simo Pajovic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.

The classical theory of radiative heat transfer has proven extraordinarily useful, both in advancing fundamental physics through the discovery of quantum mechanics and in developing practical applications. However, the classical theory can break down, opening up new opportunities for energy production and management. Kirchhoff's law of radiation breaks down in systems with broken Lorentz reciprocity, which are characterized by asymmetric dielectric tensors and broken time reversal symmetry. This is typically achieved using an external magnetic field, but a recently discovered family of quantum materials-Weyl semimetals-can possess intrinsic nonreciprocity due to the Berry curvature, an internal, pseudo-magnetic field.

Measurements Of Nonreciprocity In Materials With A Sagnac Interferometer

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Author : Alexander David Fried
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Measurements Of Nonreciprocity In Materials With A Sagnac Interferometer written by Alexander David Fried and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

A modified Sagnac Interferometer has historically been used as an elegant technique for detecting non-reciprocal phenomena, such as rotation and magnetism. I will discuss how its function relies on the concept of reciprocity, and how it may be employed as a strategy for high-precision measurements testing a variety of broken symmetries. Previous designs of the interferometer have incorporated free-space components that are bulky and difficult to align. We have improved upon this technique by using all fiber-optic coupled components and demonstrate operation at a new wavelength, 820 nm, with which we can achieve better than 1 microradian resolution. Mounting the system on a piezo-electric scanner allows us to acquire diffraction limited images with 1.5 micrometer spatial resolution. This thesis discusses, in detail, the fundamental principles behind the interferometer, with emphasis on reciprocity, and the fine points of its construction. We report measurements of several magnetic materials. In addition, several observations of a nonlinear magneto-optical Kerr Effect have been noticed, and we report on these. Furthermore we discuss how chiral materials, or in general, materials which break mirror-symmetry can not give rise to a Kerr effect. Finally, we discuss extensions to the Sagnac Interferometry metrological technique and that allow the instrument to measure other optical effects which test for other broken symmetries.

Reciprocity Spatial Mapping And Time Reversal In Electromagnetics

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Author : C. Altman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2011-07-10

Reciprocity Spatial Mapping And Time Reversal In Electromagnetics written by C. Altman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-10 with Science categories.

This long awaited second edition traces the original developments from the 1970s and brings them up to date with new and previously unpublished material to give this work a new lease of life for the early twenty-first century and readers new to the topic. In the winter of 1970-71, Colman Altman had been finding almost exact symmetries in the computed reflection and transmission matrices for plane-stratified magnetoplasmas when symmetrically related directions of incidence were compared. At the suggestion of Kurt Suchy the complex conjugate wave fields, used to construct the eigenmode amplitudes via the mean Poynting flux densities, were replaced by the adjoint wave fields that would propagate in a medium with transposed constitutive tensors, to yield a scattering theorem – reciprocity in k-space -- in the computer output. To prove the result analytically, one had to investigate the properties of the adjoint Maxwell system, and the two independent proofs that followed, in 1975 and 1979, proceeded according to the personal preference of each of the authors. The proof given in this volume, based on the hindsight provided by later results, is much more simple and concise. Later, when media with bianisotropic constitutive tensors were investigated, it was found that conjugate (reciprocal) media and wave fields could be formed by any orthogonal spatial mapping of those in the original problem, after media and fields were reversed in time. The result was still quite general and not limited to stratified systems. The second line of development was to find the link between reciprocity in k-space and Lorentz reciprocity involving currents and sources in physical space. This was done for plane-stratified media by applying the scattering theorem to the plane-wave spectrum of eigenmodes radiated by one current source and reaching the second source. The reverse linkage between Lorentz reciprocity and reciprocity in k-space had already been found. However, this was the first time that the results were presented in a systematic and mathematically well-defined procedure to serve as a tool for solving problems of reciprocity and scattering symmetries. The use of time reversal gives rise to problems of causality when sources are present, but when the interaction between two systems is involved the non-causal effects are irrelevant. The insight gained during these investigations enabled the authors to present many of the earlier theorems and results, both their own and those of others, in a compact and unified approach, which has been the main strength of this book. This new edition has been revised, corrected and updated where necessary to give a complete picture of this interesting topic for the present generation of scientists.

Thermal Radiative Properties Of Uniaxial Anisotropic Materials And Their Manipulations

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Author : Xiaohu Wu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-27

Thermal Radiative Properties Of Uniaxial Anisotropic Materials And Their Manipulations written by Xiaohu Wu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-27 with Science categories.

This book presents mainly studies on the calculation methods of thermal radiative properties of uniaxial anisotropic materials, unidirectional transmission, ultrabroadband perfect absorption, and near-field radiative heat transfer with uniaxial anisotropic materials. The results obtained in this book can not only deepen our understanding of the thermal radiative properties of anisotropic materials, but also have important theoretical guiding significance in energy conversion, energy-saving technology, and design of novel devices.

Engineering Exotic Linear And Nonlinear Electromagnetic Responses Using Spatial And Spatiotemporal Modulation

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Author : Mykhailo Tymchenko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Engineering Exotic Linear And Nonlinear Electromagnetic Responses Using Spatial And Spatiotemporal Modulation written by Mykhailo Tymchenko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Periodicity and modulation lie at the heart of modern electromagnetic, acoustic and mechanical engineering, dramatically altering the way in which waves interact with periodically structured media. The main idea driving the intense research into periodic systems is the fact that periodicity breaks the dependence on natural properties of constituent media and instead allows one to blend the responses of various materials and leverage their geometric shapes to obtain collective responses on demand. In the realm of electromagnetics, over the past two decades there has been an explosive surge of interest to artificially engineered time-invariant periodic structures thanks to numerous fascinating linear and nonlinear effects they enable. In this dissertation, I will present some transformative developments in the area of efficient nonlinear generation and wave mixing in thin 2D periodic structures based on multi-quantum-wells, as well as show the possibility to engineer to the great extent the dispersion topology of surface waves propagating along ideally thin conducting sheets with 1D spatial periodicity such as graphene ribbons. In parallel with the progress in obtaining desired responses in time-invariant periodic structures, significant progress is being made in applying temporal and synchronous spatial and temporal modulation to engage new degrees of freedom and extend the spectrum of achievable electromagnetic phenomena even further. In this dissertation, I will also show that spatiotemporal modulation applied to electronic networks holds a key to obtain ultrawideband and extremely compact delays far beyond those achievable in time-invariant systems. Spatiotemporal modulation also allows for all kinds of nonreciprocal devices to be seamlessly integrated in an electronic chip by overcoming the size and magnetic material incompatibility constraints. This fact holds a truly groundbreaking potential for future electronic devices and wireless systems by enabling their simultaneous transmit-and-receive operation. Finally, I will show that spatiotemporal modulation enables a direct translation of some of the most advanced and intricate concepts of condensed matter physics – topological insulators – to the realm of classical electronic circuits. Compared to standalone nonreciprocal devices, topologically-nontrivial electronic circuits provide an even larger toolbox to obtain various nonreciprocal functionalities by enforcing a wideband unidirectional transmission robust to defects and imperfections

Magnetoplasmons In Semiconductor Materials And Applications To Millimeter Wave Nonreciprocal Devices

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Author : Chun Kit Lai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Magnetoplasmons In Semiconductor Materials And Applications To Millimeter Wave Nonreciprocal Devices written by Chun Kit Lai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Semiconductors categories.

Abstract: Microwave as well as millimeter and sub-millimeter wave nonreciprocal devices like isolators or phase shifters are important in modern communication and radar systems. Although ferrites have traditionally been used in the microwave region, new materials are required to develop devices that operate in the millimeter and sub- millimeter wave regions. One of the possible candidates to develop such devices are high mobility semiconductors where magnetoplasmons can be excited. In this thesis, Drude's model is used to derive a permittivity tensor for a semiconductor material with a DC magnetic bias. Three different methods are then applied to design and analyze waveguides filled with magnetoplasma. The approximate generalized telegraphist's equations are applied and its accuracy is discussed. The second method use here is the Finite element method (FEM) which is a numerical full wave solver of Maxwell's equations. To provide physical insight, an exact analytical method, referred to as the transverse resonance technique, is developed to simulate rectangular waveguide filled with transversely-biased magnetoplasma. By using these methods, isolators and phase shifters are designed using two phenomena, namely, field displacement effect and unidirectional propagation. Different design considerations such as bias, waveguide geometries, etc. are discussed. Finally, the electrostatic wave is studied and analyzed. To further study this phenomena, a quasi-static approximation is applied to analyze different types of waveguides. Analytical as well as a FEM-based computer code are used to find the propagation constants and eigenmodes of various waveguide geometries.