Nonideal Theory And Content Externalism
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Nonideal Theory And Content Externalism
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Author : Jeff Engelhardt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024
Nonideal Theory And Content Externalism written by Jeff Engelhardt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with History categories.
This book charges that just about every philosophical theory of mind or language developed over the past 50 years in the West is systematically inaccurate. Systemic oppression has influenced the processes that theories of mind or language purport to identify; however, that same systemic oppression has also made it so that most middle-to-upper class White men (including most philosophers of mind or language) are ignorant of systemic oppression. Consequently, most theories of mind or language are systematically inaccurate because they fail to account for the influences of systemic oppression. Philosopher Jeff Engelhardt argues for the de-idealization of two influential theories in the philosophy of mind and language--social externalism and objective type externalism--and considers some consequences of the de-idealization project. Following the work of Charles Mills, Engelhardt argues that ideal theories adopt oppression-obscuring assumptions while nonideal theories avoid them (or at least try to). Ideal theories assume that language users are basically equal, and that social institutions and structures are basically just, but scholarship on Western social relations, institutions, and structures shows that in fact each of these is systematically influenced by oppression. Consequently, ideal theories tend to be systematically inaccurate. Moreover, since oppression systematically produces ignorance of systemic oppression, such systematically inaccurate theories are likely the norm rather than the exception. Engelhardt shows that once we've shown that oppression systematically influences the processes that determine linguistic meanings (according to content externalism), then we have reason to expand our notion of hermeneutical injustice, we have evidence that hermeneutical injustice occurs systematically, and we have grounds for expanding discussions of conceptual engineering to include questions about engineering the processes that determine concepts, not just concepts themselves.
Global Sweatshops
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Author : Mirjam Müller
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024
Global Sweatshops written by Mirjam Müller and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with Business & Economics categories.
Sweatshop labour is characterized by low wages, long hours, and systematic health and safety hazards. Most of the workers in the sweatshops of the garment industry are women, many of them migrant women. This book develops an intersectional feminist critique of the working conditions in sweatshops by analysing the role of gender, race, and migration status in bringing about and justifying the exploitation of workers on factory floors. Based on this analysis, the book argues that sweatshop workers are structurally vulnerable to exploitation in virtue of their position as gendered, racialized, and migrant workers within global supply chains. While this exploitation benefits powerful actors along global supply chains, it also creates spaces of resistance and structural transformation.
Failed Relations
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Author : REBEKAH. JOHNSTON
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2025-06-30
Failed Relations written by REBEKAH. JOHNSTON and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
Failed Relations examines the undertheorized ways in which oppressive social circumstances are constitutively relevant to autonomy.
The Dynamics Of Epistemic Injustice
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Author : Amandine Catala
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2025-03-07
The Dynamics Of Epistemic Injustice written by Amandine Catala and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-07 with Philosophy categories.
Epistemic injustice refers to the injustice that a person suffers specifically in their capacity as a knower--i.e., as someone who produces, conveys, or uses knowledge. Epistemic injustice occurs every day when members of non-dominant groups are not included or taken seriously in conversations or social representations due to individual or societal biases. Epistemic injustice is inherently connected to epistemic power and epistemic agency: understanding and addressing epistemic injustice allows us to better understand and address epistemic power and agency, and vice versa. Yet, despite vast and rich discussions of epistemic injustice, which often invoke the notions of epistemic power and epistemic agency, both notions remain undertheorized and hence largely elusive. Amandine Catala offers a systematic account of epistemic power and agency by turning to the dynamics of epistemic injustice -- that is, the many forms epistemic injustice can take, the different sites and mechanisms through which it operates, and the various transformations consequently required to cultivate greater epistemic justice. Adopting standpoint theory as both a theoretical and a methodological framework, Catala considers several pressing social questions, such as deliberative impasses in divided societies, colonial memory, academic migration, the underrepresentation of members of non-dominant groups in certain fields, the marginalization of minoritized minds such as intellectually disabled people, and the underdiagnosing of autistic women. By analyzing these social questions through the lens of the dynamics of epistemic injustice, this book makes two main contributions: it develops a systematic account of epistemic power and agency that highlights the interaction between individual and structural factors, and it offers a pluralist account of epistemic injustice and agency that reveals their non-propositional and non-verbal dimensions.
Stereotypes And Scripts
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Author : Samia Hensi
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2025-08-23
Stereotypes And Scripts written by Samia Hensi and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-08-23 with Philosophy categories.
Stereotypes and Scripts forges new ground by offering an interdisciplinary account of stereotypes, social scripts, and generics by identifying connections between language use and stereotyping, then drawing on those insights to provide linguistic strategies for resisting harmful stereotypes.
The Routledge Handbook Of Non Ideal Theory
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Author : Hilkje C. Hänel
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-10-15
The Routledge Handbook Of Non Ideal Theory written by Hilkje C. Hänel and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-15 with Philosophy categories.
Made popular by John Rawls, ideal theory in political philosophy is concerned with putting preferences and interests to one side to achieve an impartial consensus and to arrive at a just society for all. In recent years, ideal theory has drawn increasing criticism for its idealised picture of political philosophy and its inability to account for the challenges posed by inequalities of, for example, race, gender, and class and by structural injustices stemming from colonialism and imperialism. The Routledge Handbook of Non-Ideal Theory is the first handbook or reference source on this important and fast-growing debate. Comprised of 34 chapters by an international team of contributors, the Handbook is divided into three clear parts: Methodological Challenges Intersections Applied Issues and Contemporary Challenges Within these sections key topics are addressed including: the question of whether non-ideal theory is methodologically linked to ideal theory; its intersection with feminist philosophy, critical race theory, decolonial theory, and critical theory; its characteristic features; the role of the non-ideal theorist; its relation to activism; and its application in the context of disability and health studies, climate justice, global injustices, colonialism, and many more. As well as a comprehensive introduction which provides important background to the debate between ideal and non-ideal theory, the Handbook also features a contribution by the late philosopher Charles Mills on non-ideal theory as ideology. The Routledge Handbook of Non-Ideal Theory is essential reading for students and scholars of political philosophy, ethics, and political theory, and will also be of interest to those studying and researching related subjects such as gender, race, and social justice.
The Role Of Externalism In Understanding Intentionality
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Author : Rupert Andrew John Summerton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Role Of Externalism In Understanding Intentionality written by Rupert Andrew John Summerton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
The Subject S Point Of View
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Author : Katalin Farkas
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-08-19
The Subject S Point Of View written by Katalin Farkas and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-19 with Philosophy categories.
Descartes's philosophy has had a considerable influence on the modern conception of the mind, but many think that this influence has been largely negative. The main project of The Subject's Point of View is to argue that discarding certain elements of the Cartesian conception would be much more difficult than critics seem to allow, since it is tied to our understanding of basic notions, including the criteria for what makes someone a person, or one of us. The crucial feature of the Cartesian view defended here is not dualism - which is not adopted - but internalism. Internalism is opposed to the widely accepted externalist thesis, which states that some mental features constitutively depend on certain features of our physical and social environment. In contrast, this book defends the minority internalist view, which holds that the mind is autonomous, and though it is obviously affected by the environment, this influence is merely contingent and does not delimit what is thinkable in principle. Defenders of the externalist view often present their theory as the most thoroughgoing criticism of the Cartesian conception of the mind; Katalin Farkas offers a defence of an uncompromising internalist Cartesian conception.
Right Belief And True Belief
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Author : Daniel J. Singer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023
Right Belief And True Belief written by Daniel J. Singer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Education categories.
The most important questions in life are questions about what we should do and what we should believe. The first of these questions has received considerable attention by normative ethicists, who search for a complete systematic account of right action. This book is about the second question: what should we believe? Right Belief and True Belief starts by defining a new field of inquiry author Daniel J. Singer calls 'normative epistemology', that mirrors normative ethics by searching for a systematic account of right belief--belief that is closest to the truth.
Normative Externalism
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Author : Brian Weatherson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-03-20
Normative Externalism written by Brian Weatherson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-20 with Philosophy categories.
Normative Externalism argues that it is not important that people live up to their own principles. What matters, in both ethics and epistemology, is that they live up to the correct principles: that they do the right thing, and that they believe rationally. This stance, that what matters are the correct principles, not one's own principles, has implications across ethics and epistemology. In ethics, it undermines the ideas that moral uncertainty should be treated just like factual uncertainty, that moral ignorance frequently excuses moral wrongdoing, and that hypocrisy is a vice. In epistemology, it suggests we need new treatments of higher-order evidence, and of peer disagreement, and of circular reasoning, and the book suggests new approaches to each of these problems. Although the debates in ethics and in epistemology are often conducted separately, putting them in one place helps bring out their common themes. One common theme is that the view that one should live up to one's own principles looks less attractive when people have terrible principles, or when following their own principles would lead to riskier or more aggressive action than the correct principles. Another common theme is that asking people to live up to their principles leads to regresses. It can be hard to know what action or belief complies with one's principles. And now we can ask, in such a case should a person do what they think their principles require, or what their principles actually require? Both answers lead to problems, and the best way to avoid these problems is to simply say people should follow the correct principles.