Nonstationarities In Hydrologic And Environmental Time Series
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Nonstationarities In Hydrologic And Environmental Time Series
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Author : A.R. Rao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Nonstationarities In Hydrologic And Environmental Time Series written by A.R. Rao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Conventionally, time series have been studied either in the time domain or the frequency domain. The representation of a signal in the time domain is localized in time, i.e . the value of the signal at each instant in time is well defined . However, the time representation of a signal is poorly localized in frequency , i.e. little information about the frequency content of the signal at a certain frequency can be known by looking at the signal in the time domain . On the other hand, the representation of a signal in the frequency domain is well localized in frequency, but is poorly localized in time, and as a consequence it is impossible to tell when certain events occurred in time. In studying stationary or conditionally stationary processes with mixed spectra , the separate use of time domain and frequency domain analyses is sufficient to reveal the structure of the process . Results discussed in the previous chapters suggest that the time series analyzed in this book are conditionally stationary processes with mixed spectra. Additionally, there is some indication of nonstationarity, especially in longer time series.
Hilbert Huang Transform Analysis Of Hydrological And Environmental Time Series
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Author : A.R. Rao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-01-08
Hilbert Huang Transform Analysis Of Hydrological And Environmental Time Series written by A.R. Rao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-08 with Science categories.
The Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) is a recently developed technique used to analyze nonstationary data. This book uses methods based on the Hilbert-Huang Transform to analyze hydrological and environmental time series. These results are compared to the results from the traditional methods such as those based on Fourier transform and other classical statistical tests.
Nonstationarities In Hydrologic And Environmental Time Series
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Author : A.R. Rao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-07-31
Nonstationarities In Hydrologic And Environmental Time Series written by A.R. Rao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-31 with Science categories.
Conventionally, time series have been studied either in the time domain or the frequency domain. The representation of a signal in the time domain is localized in time, i.e . the value of the signal at each instant in time is well defined . However, the time representation of a signal is poorly localized in frequency , i.e. little information about the frequency content of the signal at a certain frequency can be known by looking at the signal in the time domain . On the other hand, the representation of a signal in the frequency domain is well localized in frequency, but is poorly localized in time, and as a consequence it is impossible to tell when certain events occurred in time. In studying stationary or conditionally stationary processes with mixed spectra , the separate use of time domain and frequency domain analyses is sufficient to reveal the structure of the process . Results discussed in the previous chapters suggest that the time series analyzed in this book are conditionally stationary processes with mixed spectra. Additionally, there is some indication of nonstationarity, especially in longer time series.
Hydrologic Time Series Analysis
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Author : Deepesh Machiwal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-03-05
Hydrologic Time Series Analysis written by Deepesh Machiwal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-05 with Science categories.
There is a dearth of relevant books dealing with both theory and application of time series analysis techniques, particularly in the field of water resources engineering. Therefore, many hydrologists and hydrogeologists face difficulties in adopting time series analysis as one of the tools for their research. This book fills this gap by providing a proper blend of theoretical and practical aspects of time sereies analysis. It deals with a comprehensive overview of time series characteristics in hydrology/water resources engineering, various tools and techniques for analyzing time series data, theoretical details of 31 available statistical tests along with detailed procedures for applying them to real-world time series data, theory and methodology of stochastic modelling, and current status of time series analysis in hydrological sciences. In adition, it demonstrates the application of most time series tests through a case study as well as presents a comparative performance evaluation of various time series tests, together with four invited case studies from India and abroad. This book will not only serve as a textbook for the students and teachers in water resources engineering but will also serve as the most comprehensive reference to educate researchers/scientists about the theory and practice of time series analysis in hydrological sciences. This book will be very useful to the students, researchers, teachers and professionals involved in water resources, hydrology, ecology, climate change, earth science, and environmental studies.
Hydrological Processes Modelling And Data Analysis
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Author : Vijay P. Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-04-01
Hydrological Processes Modelling And Data Analysis written by Vijay P. Singh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of the concepts and methodologies of data and modelling-driven hydrological analyses and their wide range of practical applications. The book is driven by the realisation that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts are essential in engineering hydrology to produce well-trained hydrologists. Such hydrologists will be equipped to face future societal challenges that require enhanced information and communication technology tools and integration of technical and non-technical areas. The book contains 12 chapters that introduce the principles of hydrological data analysis and highlight the current and emerging tools and techniques for analysing hydrologic data. The book describes the types of data typically used in hydrological analyses. It highlights the revolutionary technological advancements made toward hydrological data collection, including the use of drones and smartphones. The foremost objective of the book is to present the hydrological data analysis procedures. It explains the steps involved in data analysis for easy understanding of the reader, including students and professionals. This book presents case studies that demonstrate step-by-step procedures involved in typical analysis problems and may guide students and professionals in planning and executing steps to analyse the problem at hand. Case study examples will guide them to understand the intricacies of hydrological data analysis. It provides the readers with a complete package to enrich their understanding of the hydrological data analysis tools and techniques. Subsequently, as well-trained hydrologists, they could execute their learning to meet any specific grand challenge of the twenty-first century.
On A Sustainable Future Of The Earth S Natural Resources
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Author : Mu. Ramkumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-21
On A Sustainable Future Of The Earth S Natural Resources written by Mu. Ramkumar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-21 with Science categories.
On a Sustainable Future of the Earth’s Natural Resources is divided into three sections, with individual chapters contributed by experts on diff erent facets of the earth sciences, natural resources management and related issues. The first section focuses on the status of Earth’s resources; land, water, biota and atmosphere. Reviews on the rate of exploitation and the need to conserve these resources for future sustenance are also covered in this section. Th e following section includes chapters elucidating environmental, ecological, climatological and anthropological pressures on sustained nourishment with the Earth’s resources. The last section describes management practices, issues and perspectives on sociological, legal, administrative, ICT and strategic efforts that need to be implemented in order to sustain our natural resources. This book covers a broad spectrum of the Earth’s resources and sustenance, offering a comprehensive perspective on their past, present and future.
Encyclopedia Of Paleoclimatology And Ancient Environments
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Author : Vivien Gornitz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-10-31
Encyclopedia Of Paleoclimatology And Ancient Environments written by Vivien Gornitz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-31 with Science categories.
One of Springer’s Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. It is the first major reference work in its field. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations. Significant elements of the encyclopedia include recent developments in paleoclimate modeling, paleo-ocean circulation, as well as the influence of geological processes and biological feedbacks on global climate change. The encyclopedia gives the reader an entry point into the literature on these and many other groundbreaking topics.
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using Gis
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Author : Baxter E. Vieux
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using Gis written by Baxter E. Vieux and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Science categories.
1. 5 REFERENCES 127 7 DIGITAL TERRAIN 129 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 129 1. 2 DRAINAGE NETWORK 130 1. 3 DEFINITION OF CHANNEL NETWORKS 135 1. 4 RESOLUTION DEPENDENT EFFECTS 138 1. 5 CONSTRAINING DRAINAGE DIRECTION 141 1. 6 SUMMARY 145 1. 7 REFERENCES 146 8 PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT 149 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 149 1. 2 RAIN GAUGE ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL 151 ADAR STIMATION OF RECIPITATION 1. 3 R E P 155 1. 4 WSR-88D RADAR CHARACTERISTICS 167 1. 5 INPUT FOR HYDROLOGIC MODELING 172 1. 6 SUMMARY 174 1. 7 REFERENCES 175 9 FINITE ELEMENT MODELING 177 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 177 1. 2 MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION 182 1. 3 SUMMARY 194 1. 4 REFERENCES 195 10 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 197 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 197 1. 2 CALIBRATION APPROACH 199 1. 3 DISTRIBUTED MODEL CALIBRATION 201 1. 4 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 208 1. 5 SUMMARY 214 1. 6 REFERENCES 214 11 DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODELING 217 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 218 1. 2 CASE STUDIES 218 1. 3 SUMMARY 236 1. 4 REFERENCES 237 12 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION 239 1. 1 INTRODUCTION 239 x Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS 1. 2 VFLOTM EDITIONS 241 1. 3 VFLOTM FEATURES AND MODULES 242 1. 4 MODEL FEATURE SUMMARY 245 1. 5 VFLOTM REAL-TIME 256 1. 6 DATA REQUIREMENTS 258 1. 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER MODELS 259 1. 8 SUMMARY 260 1.
Climate Change Impacts On Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum
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Author : Himanshu Pathak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-04-01
Climate Change Impacts On Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum written by Himanshu Pathak and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-01 with Science categories.
This book explores the interaction between climate change phenomena and the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum (SPAC), which inspects the crucial role of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in modifying the net ecosystem response towards the modified environment. Increasing concentration of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) from massive deforestation, fossil fuel burning and rapid industrialization in the post-nineteenth century have led to adverse changes in our global climate system. The book evaluates the net impact of climate change on soil, plants and the atmosphere individually and in totality. Among the topics it covers are the impact of climate change on soil environment which encompasses soil processes, nutrient cycling, soil carbon sequestration, soil biota response and soil health management. Also included are the impact on plants with respect to the dry matter assimilation pattern, modification in resource use efficiency, rhizosphere interactions, management of biotic and abiotic stress factors, and regulatory mechanisms of biotic stress factors in modifying the net agroecosystem response towards climate change. Moreover, potential genetic engineering options for establishing C4 or Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in C3 plants, heat–drought stress on pollen biology, breeding ideotype, ecological indicators and crop simulation modelling are considered. Lastly, the impact on the atmosphere takes into account greenhouse gas measurements, mitigation options, eddy covariance measurement of greenhouse gasses, satellite-based monitoring, ecosystem services, abiotic stress management options, air pollution and atmospheric modelling. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, students and policymakers in understanding climate change impacts on interaction processes among the atmosphere, soil and plants from the local to regional scales.
Extremes In Nature
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Author : Gianfausto Salvadori
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-01
Extremes In Nature written by Gianfausto Salvadori and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-01 with Science categories.
This book is about the theoretical and practical aspects of the statistics of Extreme Events in Nature. Most importantly, this is the first text in which Copulas are introduced and used in Geophysics. Several topics are fully original, and show how standard models and calculations can be improved by exploiting the opportunities offered by Copulas. In addition, new quantities useful for design and risk assessment are introduced.