Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces
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Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces What Did The Uruguay Round Accomplish And What Remains To Be Done
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Author : Azita Amjadi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995
Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces What Did The Uruguay Round Accomplish And What Remains To Be Done written by Azita Amjadi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Africa categories.
Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces What Did The Uruguay Round Accomplish And What Remains To Be Done
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Author : Alexander Yeats
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces What Did The Uruguay Round Accomplish And What Remains To Be Done written by Alexander Yeats and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
March 1995 Perhaps the major accomplishment of the Uruguay Round is agreements reached on nontariff barriers (NTBs). All NTBs imposed under the Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) will be phased out over 10 years, and all voluntary export restraints will be abolished. OECD countries' NTBs on agricultural goods will be converted to tariffs and then reduced by an average of 36 percent. Agreement was also reached on limiting subsidies and other agricultural export incentives. As a result, the profile of OECD nontariff protection Africa faces will change dramatically. Formerly, about 11 percent of all Sub-Saharan Africa exports encountered NTBs; now this ratio will fall to about 2 percent. Formerly, 83 percent of Reunion's pre-Uruguay Round exports were affected by NTBs; now none will. Some African countries, however, will be largely unaffected by the Uruguay Round's accomplishments. No NTBs on energy products were liberalized so coverage ratios for Angola, Congo, ad Nigeria are still high - but the measures applied (largely quantitative restrictions and special import charges) apparently do not raise the cost of imports significantly. The exclusion of fish from the agreement on agriculture also limited the potential benefits to countries like the Seychelles. Others simply faced no (or few) nontariff restrictions before the negotiations. The new developments are regarded as positive for developing countries as a group, although some countries may incur losses. Trade in textiles and clothing has been closely regulated for three decades through MFA quotas. Phasing these restrictions out will subject African countries to aggressive international competition. Whether they can maintain a viable textile and clothing export sector depends on whether they can achieve reforms aimed at cost-cutting. The MFA liberalization is heavily backloaded, with roughly half the restrictions being removed at the end of 10 years, so there is ample time for adjustment. Africa should also face more vigorous competition on footwear and ferrous metals when voluntary restraints on some other developing countries are lifted. Any losses in market share that may occur, however, may not reflect welfare changes, especially if African exports were heavily subsidized. Agriculture could also be harmed unless appropriate domestic policies are adopted. The tariffication (and reduction) of NTBs, along with limits on export subsidies, could raise international prices on some staples, which would hurt net food importers. Reforms to ensure that prices paid to domestic producers increase in line with international prices (thus stimulating a local supply response) could limit increases in the food import bill. In the post-Uruguay Round world, it is increasingly important to remove domestic constraints that prevent local producers from taking full advantage of new export opportunities. Unfinished business includes further initiatives needed to address NTBs on fish, chemicals and energy products which the Round bypassed. Stricter regulations on safeguards and the use of antidumping duties are also needed to ensure that these measures are not substituted for those eliminated. But much of the unfinished business involves domestic reform needed to ensure that African countries can react to new export opportunities and competitive challenges.
Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces
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Author : Alexander J. Yeats
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Nontariff Barriers Africa Faces written by Alexander J. Yeats and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Perhaps the major accompl ...
Did External Barriers Cause The Marginalization Of Sub Saharan Africa In World Trade
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Author : Azita Amjadi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996-01-01
Did External Barriers Cause The Marginalization Of Sub Saharan Africa In World Trade written by Azita Amjadi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-01 with Political Science categories.
Urban Management Programme Paper No. 20. Reviews the specific actions that municipalities and city governments may take in contributing to urban poverty reduction. The paper highlights example of issues, options, and constraints that urban governments must address in fighting poverty. It focuses on municipalities and other city-level government entities as a critical institutional level of intervention. Other language editions available: French--Stock No. 13814 (ISBN 0-8213-3814-5); English--Stock No. 13716 (ISBN 0-8213-3716-5).
Did Domestic Policies Marginalize Africa In International Trade
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Author : Alexander J. Yeats
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Did Domestic Policies Marginalize Africa In International Trade written by Alexander J. Yeats and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
World Bank Technical Paper No. 344. Presents and analyzes a wealth of data on levels of and trends in health status, delivery of services, and financing in each of the former Soviet states of Central Asia. The paper examines health care reform from the perspectives of macroeconomic constraints, the demographic and epidemiological transitions facing each country, the underlying structure and financing of their health systems, and what they have inherited from the old Soviet system.
Trade Facilitation Capacity Needs
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Author : Gbadebo Odularu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-01
Trade Facilitation Capacity Needs written by Gbadebo Odularu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of both national and regional trade facilitation capacities, issues, challenges and lessons, with a special interest in sustainably advancing West Africa’s regional trade facilitation agenda. It examines the contributions of trade facilitation towards enhancing regional integration and economic expansion in the face of increasing non-tariff barriers that highly characterises West African agri-food and non-agricultural markets. The authors recommend new conceptual frameworks, appropriate initiatives, and workable policy recipes towards enhancing West Africa’s trade facilitation agenda as well as the regional economic transformation trajectory in the face of the ongoing African Continental Free Trade Agreements (AfCFTA). The book underscores the geopolitics, opportunities and challenges that confront West Africa in the increasingly dynamic regional trade facilitation policy space. Readers will learn how West Africa can improve its regional trade facilitation game amidst emerging capacity challenges.
Open Economies Work Better
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Author : Francis Ng
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1996
Open Economies Work Better written by Francis Ng and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Africa, Sub-Saharan categories.
Non Tariff Barriers
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Author : Andrew Mold
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Non Tariff Barriers written by Andrew Mold and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
What Shoprite And Woolworths Can Tell Us About Non Tariff Barriers
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Author : Nick Charalambides
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
What Shoprite And Woolworths Can Tell Us About Non Tariff Barriers written by Nick Charalambides and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Africa, Southern categories.
The paper discusses the impact of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) in the Southern African Development Community region. It draws on the growing body of literature on NTBs pertaining to regional trade in Southern and Eastern Africa, but importantly it supplements this with the experience of the private sector in the region. It reviews the current processes and achievements in addressing NTBs within Southern Africa. Practical measures are proposed to facilitate the removal of NTBs within Southern Africa, informed by the lessons from other regions. The paper focuses particularly on how to address those NTBs to regional trade that are the result of inappropriate design and implementation. These include, but are not necessarily limited to: licensing rules, import permits, standards (as well as their implementation) and customs procedures. It does not look at those barriers that are overtly trade restricting by intention (for example, antidumping duties, quantitative restrictions, import levies). The former subset of NTBs is likely to be less transparent but more prevalent and representative of the constraints Southern African traders face in selling merchandise across borders on a day-to-day basis.
Non Tariff Barriers To Trade In The East African Community
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Author : Marcellin Mugabe
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2012-04
Non Tariff Barriers To Trade In The East African Community written by Marcellin Mugabe and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04 with categories.
It has been argued that current regional integration efforts by East African States will foster economic development by attracting domestic and foreign private investments through the reduction or removal of tariffs and other barriers to trade. However, it is generally acknowledged that despite the reduction or removal of tariffs on trade, if freight costs and procedures remain prohibitive, they will hamper investment and trade flows by reducing returns on exported outputs as well as on imported inputs. The present study assesses the extent to which transportation costs constitute a barrier to trade within the East African Community and how they act as an implicit tax on production and imported investment inputs. The study focuses on road transit transport destined to Rwanda from the seaport of Mombasa through the Northern Transport Corridor. Findings of this study are useful for both academicians and policy makers who seek to understand issues at stake with regard to the current economic and political integration process in the East African Region which could serve as a lesson for the entire African Continent.