Nontariff Barriers To High Technology Trade
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Nontariff Barriers To High Technology Trade
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Author : Robert B. Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-04-02
Nontariff Barriers To High Technology Trade written by Robert B. Cohen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This book describes European and Japanese nontariff barriers (NTBs) in areas of high-technology trade and discusses their impact on the international behavior of U.S. firms. This study was prompted by the rising incidence of nontariff measures in high-technology sectors, as governments increasingly attempt to promote the growth of new industries th
Nontariff Barriers
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Author : Michael F. Oppenheimer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-04-08
Nontariff Barriers written by Michael F. Oppenheimer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-08 with Political Science categories.
This book explores the impact of Japanese and European nontariff barriers (NTBs) on the international marketing, investment, and technology strategies of small- to medium-sized high-technology U.S. firms. The study documents a pronounced dichotomy between strategies of small and large companies that, to a significant extent, reflects the gap in the resources, bargaining power, and familiarity with foreign markets of these two groups. Conclusions concerning the efficacy of corporate strategies adopted are supported by an analysis of over 20 case studies. These strategies range from licensing agreements with local firms to use of a trading company or local distributor, formation of a joint venture with a local firm, and establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary in the foreign market.
International Classification Of Non Tariff Measures 2019
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Author : United Nations
language : en
Publisher: United Nations
Release Date : 2019-10-14
International Classification Of Non Tariff Measures 2019 written by United Nations and has been published by United Nations this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-14 with Political Science categories.
Non-tariff measures are generally defined as policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both. Since this definition is broad, a detailed classification is of critical importance so as to better identify and distinguish among the various forms of non-tariff measures. The classification of non-tariff measures presented here is a taxonomy of all those measures considered relevant in international trade today. It builds on an old UNCTAD classification known as the Coding System of Trade Control Measures and was developed by several international organizations forming what is called the MAST group (Multi-Agency Support Team) set up to support the Group of Eminent Persons on Non-tariff Barriers established by the Secretary General of UNCTAD in 2006. The MAST team discussed and proposed this classification, and is composed of: FAO, IMF, ITC, OECD, UNCTAD, UNIDO, World Bank and WTO. The classification is seen as evolving and should adapt to the reality of international trade and data collection needs.
Introduction To Business
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Author : Lawrence J. Gitman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-05-19
Introduction To Business written by Lawrence J. Gitman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-19 with categories.
Looking Beyond Tariffs
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher: OECD
Release Date : 2005
Looking Beyond Tariffs written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by OECD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
The world economy is still far from the textbook model of unfettered trade, of a global market place without barriers. Non-tariff barriers to trade at and behind the border have been lowered significantly in the course of successive trade negotiations, but more can be done. The studies in this volume review concerns that exporters and governments have raised about market access. They analyse where and why certain non-tariff measures are being applied to traded goods that are covered by multilateral rules and disciplines, and how they continue to represent challenges for exporters and policymakers. The specific measures examined are: prohibitions and quotas, non-automatic import licensing schemes, customs fees and charges, and export restrictions.
Nontariff Measures And International Trade
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Author : John Christopher Beghin
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2016-11-28
Nontariff Measures And International Trade written by John Christopher Beghin and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Nontariff Measures and International Trade includes 20 chapters authored by John Beghin and co-authors over the last 20 years on the economics of quality-standard like nontariff measures in the context of international trade. This book provides a coherent and comprehensive treatment of these nontariff measures, from their measurement to their effects on trade and welfare. In Part I, the authors use different perspectives to make the case that, unlike tariffs, quality-standard like nontariff measures are complex to measure and analyze and do not easily lead to general policy prescriptions. Then, Part II contains contributions on measurements of welfare and trade effects of nontariff measures, accounting for potential market imperfections. Part III presents chapters on the potential protectionism of nontariff measures when they are used to favor some economic agents over society. The last part presents cases studies of nontariff measures in different industries, markets, and countries.
Potential Exports And Nontariff Barriers To Trade
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2021-11-01
Potential Exports And Nontariff Barriers To Trade written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This publication explores how Bhutan could boost its exports by addressing nontariff barriers to trade. It focuses on sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade, and on export products that have the potential to increase their market share in Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. It considers options including legal reforms, the upgrade of quality standards and laboratory equipment, and institution building of accrediting bodies and conformity assessment bodies. Practical recommendations suggest ways forward for both the public and private sectors.
Standards Conformity Assessment And Trade
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Author : International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1995-03-29
Standards Conformity Assessment And Trade written by International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software--however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.
Digital Trade And U S Trade Policy
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Author : Rachel F. Fefer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Digital Trade And U S Trade Policy written by Rachel F. Fefer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic commerce categories.
Trade And Non Tariff Measures
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Author : Adam Heal
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2015
Trade And Non Tariff Measures written by Adam Heal and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Business & Economics categories.
The focus of this report is particularly on the consequences of non-tariff measures (NTMs) for developing economies and also South-South trade. This is because (i) barriers to South-South trade need to be tackled if it is to fulfil its potential as a future driver of growth; and (ii) regional developing economies are increasingly the source of new NTMs as well as being their 'victims'. Chapter 1 provides an overview of global and regional trends in trade, tariffs and non-tariff measures and highlights the growing importance of NTMs. Chapter 2 surveys methodological problems that arise when evaluating NTMs and trade. Chapters 3 and 4 consider in more details two of the most prominent and widely-used types of NTM, respectively Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs). Chapter 5 concludes by reviewing mechanisms for streamlining NTMs and promoting developing countries' trade, particularly at the regional level