Norms Over Force
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Norms Over Force
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Author : Z. Laïdi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-08-04
Norms Over Force written by Z. Laïdi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-04 with Political Science categories.
Can Europe defend its social model in a globalized world when the US, China, India and Russia are enhancing their national sovereignties and playing power politics? This original and informative book addresses such questions and considers if Europe, although it is not a 'super state', would be able to impose norms over force.
Rules Norms And Decisions
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Author : Friedrich V. Kratochwil
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-04-26
Rules Norms And Decisions written by Friedrich V. Kratochwil and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-04-26 with Law categories.
This book assesses the impact of norms on decision-making. It argues that norms influence choices not by being causes for actions, but by providing reasons. Consequently it approaches the problem via an investigation of the reasoning process in which norms play a decisive role. Kratochwil argues that, depending upon the strictness the guidance norms provide in arriving at a decision, different styles of reasoning with norms can be distinguished. While the focus in this book is largely analytical, the argument is developed through the interpretation of the classic thinkers in international law (Grotius, Vattel, Pufendorf, Rousseau, Hume, Habermas).
The Ethics Of Destruction
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Author : Ward Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2001
The Ethics Of Destruction written by Ward Thomas and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Law categories.
Contrary to Carl von Clausewitz, who called the principle of moderation applied to a theory of war a "logical absurdity," Thomas (a teacher of ethics and international relations at Johns Hopkins and Holy Cross) maintains that "moral principles are fundamentally important to understanding norms governing the use of force, although they are seldom applied in their unadulterated form." Thomas examines norms' effects on the international community, the norm against assassination of leaders (in lieu of which armies are summoned to kill each other), and the norm against the aerial bombing of noncombatants. Thomas argues, for example, that the latter norm was violated when the U.S. bombed the Iraqi Al Firdos bunker, probably or hopefully unaware the attack was killing 200 civilians. The mistake resulted in a cessation of strikes on Baghdad for 5 days, none against leaders for ten days, and a review of all future targets by Schwarzkopf and Powell, even when, says Thomas, "it is doubtful that the action constituted a violation of international law." c. Book News Inc.
The Responsibility To Protect
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Author : Ramesh Chandra Thakur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Responsibility To Protect written by Ramesh Chandra Thakur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Conflict management categories.
The adoption of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle by world leaders assembled at the UN summit in 2005 is widely acknowledged to represent one of the great normative advances in international politics since 1945. The author has been involved in this shift from the dominant norm of non-intervention of R2P as an actor, public intellectual and academic and has been a key thinker in this process. These essays represent the author's writings on R2P, including reference to test cases as they arose, such as with Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar in 2008.
The Emergence Of Norms
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Author : Edna Ullmann-Margalit
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2015-03-05
The Emergence Of Norms written by Edna Ullmann-Margalit and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-05 with Philosophy categories.
Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems.
International Norms And The Resort To War
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Author : Gregory A. Raymond
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-27
International Norms And The Resort To War written by Gregory A. Raymond and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-27 with Political Science categories.
This book offers a fresh perspective on timeless questions concerning anarchy and order, power and principle, and public and private morality, by taking a novel approach to the study of the onset of war. Rather than looking at the distribution of wealth, military might, or other material capabilities to explain the onset of war, this book focuses instead on how international norms affect the use of military force. Critical of the realist assumption that international legal norms are unable to curb hostilities without a powerful central authority to enforce their injunctions, it contends that the normative context within which national leaders act sets the tone for world politics by communicating commonly accepted understandings about the limits of permissible action. Using quantitative analyses of the relationships between war-initiation norms and various types of armed conflict, the author calls into question realist beliefs regarding international norms, demonstrating that restrictive normative orders reduce the likelihood of war.
The Purpose Of Intervention
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Author : Martha Finnemore
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-15
The Purpose Of Intervention written by Martha Finnemore and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-15 with Political Science categories.
Violence or the potential for violence is a fact of human existence. Many societies, including our own, reward martial success or skill at arms. The ways in which members of a particular society use force reveal a great deal about the nature of authority within the group and about its members' priorities. Martha Finnemore uses one type of force, military intervention, as a window onto the shifting character of international society. She examines the changes, over the past 400 years, in why countries intervene militarily as well as in the ways they have intervened. It is not the fact of intervention that has altered, she says, but rather the reasons for and meaning behind intervention—the conventional understanding of the purposes for which states can and should use force. Finnemore looks at three types of intervention: collecting debts, addressing humanitarian crises, and acting against states perceived as threats to international peace. In all three, she finds that what is now considered "obvious" was vigorously contested or even rejected by people in earlier periods for well-articulated and logical reasons. A broad historical perspective allows her to explicate long-term trends: the steady erosion of force's normative value in international politics, the growing influence of equality norms in many aspects of global political life, and the increasing importance of law in intervention practices.
Autonomous Weapons Systems And International Norms
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Author : Ingvild Bode
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2022-01-15
Autonomous Weapons Systems And International Norms written by Ingvild Bode and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-15 with Political Science categories.
Autonomous weapons systems seem to be on the path to becoming accepted technologies of warfare. The weaponization of artificial intelligence raises questions about whether human beings will maintain control of the use of force. The notion of meaningful human control has become a focus of international debate on lethal autonomous weapons systems among members of the United Nations: many states have diverging ideas about various complex forms of human-machine interaction and the point at which human control stops being meaningful. In Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms Ingvild Bode and Hendrik Huelss present an innovative study of how testing, developing, and using weapons systems with autonomous features shapes ethical and legal norms, and how standards manifest and change in practice. Autonomous weapons systems are not a matter for the distant future – some autonomous features, such as in air defence systems, have been in use for decades. They have already incrementally changed use-of-force norms by setting emerging standards for what counts as meaningful human control. As UN discussions drag on with minimal progress, the trend towards autonomizing weapons systems continues. A thought-provoking and urgent book, Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Norms provides an in-depth analysis of the normative repercussions of weaponizing artificial intelligence.
Embedded Ethics In International Relations
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Author : Ward Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Embedded Ethics In International Relations written by Ward Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with International relations categories.
The Normative Force Of The Factual
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Author : Nicoletta Bersier Ladavac
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-26
The Normative Force Of The Factual written by Nicoletta Bersier Ladavac and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-26 with Law categories.
This book explores the interrelation of facts and norms. How does law originate in the first place? What lies at the roots of this phenomenon? How is it preserved? And how does it come to an end? Questions like these led Georg Jellinek to speak of the “normative force of the factual” in the early 20th century, emphasizing the human tendency to infer rules from recurring events, and to perceive a certain practice not only as a fact but as a norm; a norm which not only allows us to distinguish regularity from irregularity, but at the same time, to treat deviances as transgressions. Today, Jellinek’s concept still provides astonishing insights on the dichotomy of “is” and “ought to be”, the emergence of the normative, the efficacy and the defeasibility of (legal) norms, and the distinct character of what legal theorists refer to as “normativity”. It leads us back to early legal history, it connects anthropology and legal theory, and it demonstrates the interdependence of law and the social sciences. In short: it invites us to fundamentally reassess the interrelation of facts and norms from various perspectives. The contributing authors to this volume have accepted that invitation.