The Emergence Of Norms
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The Emergence Of Norms
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Author : Edna Ullmann-Margalit
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Library of Logic and
Release Date : 2015
The Emergence Of Norms written by Edna Ullmann-Margalit and has been published by Clarendon Library of Logic and this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Philosophy categories.
Originally presented as the author's thesis, Oxford, 1973.
Social Norms
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Author : Michael Hechter
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2001-03-15
Social Norms written by Michael Hechter and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-15 with Political Science categories.
Social norms are rules that prescribe what people should and should not do given their social surroundings and circumstances. Norms instruct people to keep their promises, to drive on the right, or to abide by the golden rule. They are useful explanatory tools, employed to analyze phenomena as grand as international diplomacy and as mundane as the rules of the road. But our knowledge of norms is scattered across disciplines and research traditions, with no clear consensus on how the term should be used. Research on norms has focused on the content and the consequences of norms, without paying enough attention to their causes. Social Norms reaches across the disciplines of sociology, economics, game theory, and legal studies to provide a well-integrated theoretical and empirical account of how norms emerge, change, persist, or die out. Social Norms opens with a critical review of the many outstanding issues in the research on norms: When are norms simply devices to ease cooperation, and when do they carry intrinsic moral weight? Do norms evolve gradually over time or spring up spontaneously as circumstances change? The volume then turns to case studies on the birth and death of norms in a variety of contexts, from protest movements, to marriage, to mushroom collecting. The authors detail the concrete social processes, such as repeated interactions, social learning, threats and sanctions, that produce, sustain, and enforce norms. One case study explains how it can become normative for citizens to participate in political protests in times of social upheaval. Another case study examines how the norm of objectivity in American journalism emerged: Did it arise by consensus as the professional creed of the press corps, or was it imposed upon journalists by their employers? A third case study examines the emergence of the norm of national self-determination: has it diffused as an element of global culture, or was it imposed by the actions of powerful states? The book concludes with an examination of what we know of norm emergence, highlighting areas of agreement and points of contradiction between the disciplines. Norms may be useful in explaining other phenomena in society, but until we have a coherent theory of their origins we have not truly explained norms themselves. Social Norms moves us closer to a true understanding of this ubiquitous feature of social life.
The Emergence Of Norms
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Author : Edna Ullmann-Margalit
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2015-03-05
The Emergence Of Norms written by Edna Ullmann-Margalit and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-05 with Philosophy categories.
Edna Ullmann-Margalit provides an original account of the emergence of norms. Her main thesis is that certain types of norms are possible solutions to problems posed by certain types of social interaction situations. The problems are such that they inhere in the structure (in the game-theoretical sense of structure) of the situations concerned. Three types of paradigmatic situations are dealt with. They are referred to as Prisoners' Dilemma-type situations; co-ordination situations; and inequality (or partiality) situations. Each of them, it is claimed, poses a basic difficulty, to some or all of the individuals involved in them. Three types of norms, respectively, are offered as solutions to these situational problems. It is shown how, and in what sense, the adoption of these norms of social behaviour can indeed resolve the specified problems.
The Emergence Of Normative Orders
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Author : Jerzy Stelmach
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
The Emergence Of Normative Orders written by Jerzy Stelmach and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Existential phenomenology categories.
This collection of essays assesses the origins of various rule-based systems, including, but not limited to, morality, rationality, and justice from the perspectives of both philosophy and psychology. The reader will learn about diverse cognitive and neurocognitive phenomena that are responsible for the emergence of normative orders, such as imitation, time preferences, and the dual-processing mind. Furthermore, the essays include different philosophical insights into the genealogy of norms. [Subject: Philosophy, Psychology, Cognitive Science]
Social Norms
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Author : Michael Hechter
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2005-03-24
Social Norms written by Michael Hechter and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-03-24 with Political Science categories.
Social norms are rules that prescribe what people should and should not do given their social surroundings and circumstances. Norms instruct people to keep their promises, to drive on the right, or to abide by the golden rule. They are useful explanatory tools, employed to analyze phenomena as grand as international diplomacy and as mundane as the rules of the road. But our knowledge of norms is scattered across disciplines and research traditions, with no clear consensus on how the term should be used. Research on norms has focused on the content and the consequences of norms, without paying enough attention to their causes. Social Norms reaches across the disciplines of sociology, economics, game theory, and legal studies to provide a well-integrated theoretical and empirical account of how norms emerge, change, persist, or die out. Social Norms opens with a critical review of the many outstanding issues in the research on norms: When are norms simply devices to ease cooperation, and when do they carry intrinsic moral weight? Do norms evolve gradually over time or spring up spontaneously as circumstances change? The volume then turns to case studies on the birth and death of norms in a variety of contexts, from protest movements, to marriage, to mushroom collecting. The authors detail the concrete social processes, such as repeated interactions, social learning, threats and sanctions, that produce, sustain, and enforce norms. One case study explains how it can become normative for citizens to participate in political protests in times of social upheaval. Another case study examines how the norm of objectivity in American journalism emerged: Did it arise by consensus as the professional creed of the press corps, or was it imposed upon journalists by their employers? A third case study examines the emergence of the norm of national self-determination: has it diffused as an element of global culture, or was it imposed by the actions of powerful states? The book concludes with an examination of what we know of norm emergence, highlighting areas of agreement and points of contradiction between the disciplines. Norms may be useful in explaining other phenomena in society, but until we have a coherent theory of their origins we have not truly explained norms themselves. Social Norms moves us closer to a true understanding of this ubiquitous feature of social life.
Modelling Norms
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Author : Corinna Elsenbroich
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-05
Modelling Norms written by Corinna Elsenbroich and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-05 with Social Science categories.
The book focusses on questions of individual and collective action, the emergence and dynamics of social norms and the feedback between individual behaviour and social phenomena. It discusses traditional modelling approaches to social norms and shows the usefulness of agent-based modelling for the study of these micro-macro interactions. Existing agent-based models of social norms are discussed and it is shown that so far too much priority has been given to parsimonious models and questions of the emergence of norms, with many aspects of social norms, such as norm-change, not being modelled. Juvenile delinquency, group radicalisation and moral decision making are used as case studies for agent-based models of collective action extending existing models by providing an embedding into social networks, social influence via argumentation and a causal action theory of moral decision making. The major contribution of the book is to highlight the multifaceted nature of the dynamics of social norms, consisting not only of emergence, and the importance of embedding of agent-based models into existing theory.
Minding Norms
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Author : Rosaria Conte
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014
Minding Norms written by Rosaria Conte and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Psychology categories.
This volume presents an unprecedented attempt to illustrate via agent based simulation the emergence of norms meant as prescribed conducts applied by the majority. The simulated scenarios are populated with cognitive agents generating norms by detecting and deciding to respect them.
Norms In International Relations
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Author : Audie Klotz
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 1999
Norms In International Relations written by Audie Klotz and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with History categories.
The author explores why a large number of international organizations adopted sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa despite strategic and economic interests that had fostered strong ties with it in the past. She argues that the emergence of the norm of racial equality is the reason.
The Complexity Of Social Norms
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Author : Maria Xenitidou
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-28
The Complexity Of Social Norms written by Maria Xenitidou and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-28 with Social Science categories.
This book explores the view that normative behaviour is part of a complex of social mechanisms, processes and narratives that are constantly shifting. From this perspective, norms are not a kind of self-contained social object or fact, but rather an interplay of many things that we label as norms when we ‘take a snapshot’ of them at a particular instant. Further, this book pursues the hypothesis that considering the dynamic aspects of these phenomena sheds new light on them. The sort of issues that this perspective opens to exploration include: Of what is this complex we call a "social norm" composed of? How do new social norms emerge and what kind of circumstances might facilitate such an appearance? How context-specific are the norms and patterns of normative behaviour that arise? How do the cognitive and the social aspects of norms interact over time? How do expectations, beliefs and individual rationality interact with social norm complexes to effect behaviour? How does our social embeddedness relate to social constraint upon behaviour? How might the socio-cognitive complexes that we call norms be usefully researched?
Rules Norms And Decisions
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Author : Friedrich V. Kratochwil
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1991-04-26
Rules Norms And Decisions written by Friedrich V. Kratochwil and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-04-26 with Law categories.
This book assesses the impact of norms on decision-making. It argues that norms influence choices not by being causes for actions, but by providing reasons. Consequently it approaches the problem via an investigation of the reasoning process in which norms play a decisive role. Kratochwil argues that, depending upon the strictness the guidance norms provide in arriving at a decision, different styles of reasoning with norms can be distinguished. While the focus in this book is largely analytical, the argument is developed through the interpretation of the classic thinkers in international law (Grotius, Vattel, Pufendorf, Rousseau, Hume, Habermas).