Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Behind Thermogenesis Of Brown And Beige Adipocytes
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Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Behind Thermogenesis Of Brown And Beige Adipocytes
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Author : Rubén Cereijo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-09-19
Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Behind Thermogenesis Of Brown And Beige Adipocytes written by Rubén Cereijo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-19 with Medical categories.
Brown Adipose Tissue
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Author : Alexander Pfeifer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-04-02
Brown Adipose Tissue written by Alexander Pfeifer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-02 with Science categories.
The main focus of this book is on brown adipose tissue and its metabolic function. The book provides a timely update on the latest research and shows where the field is heading. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and has received considerable attention in the last few years, having been re-discovered in adult humans in 2007/9. Moreover, BAT might offer a target for novel therapies to address obesity, a health condition that has reached pandemic dimensions.
Molecular Regulation And Therapeutic Potential Of Thermogenic Fat Cells
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Author : Jun Wu
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-06-09
Molecular Regulation And Therapeutic Potential Of Thermogenic Fat Cells written by Jun Wu and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-09 with Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology categories.
Obesity has emerged as a major threat to public health in both the western and developing world. Essentially a disorder of energy balance, obesity occurs when energy intake and storage exceeds expenditure. Much of energy homeostasis depends on the activity and function of adipose tissue. Adipocytes in mammals fall into two categories classified by their primary functions: white fat cells that mediate energy storage and thermogenic fat cells that counteract hypothermia and obesity through adaptive thermogenesis. Whereas white fat and its function as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ have been studied for decades and are relatively well understood, until recently many aspects of the thermogenic fat biology have remained elusive. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that thermogenic fat cells arise from at least two different developmental origins: the ones of a skeletal muscle-like lineage are now called “classical” brown fat cells, and the rest of the thermogenic fat cells are normally referred to as the beige fat cells. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of interest and studies focusing on the regulation of thermogenic fat cells and potential therapeutics targeting these adipocytes. Here we summarize the recent advancements in our understanding of these metabolically active fat cells.
Mammalian Thermogenesis
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Author : Lucien Girardier
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1983-08-18
Mammalian Thermogenesis written by Lucien Girardier and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-08-18 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Mammalian thermogenesis: an introduction; Brown fat: an energy dissipating tissue; Autonomic regulation of thermogenesis; Thyroid hormones and thermogenesis; Enegetics of maintenance and growth; Diet-induced thermogenesis; Thermogenesis and fever; Pharmacology of thermogenesis.
Novel Systemic Regulation Of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis
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Author : Alexandra Lee Ghaben
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Novel Systemic Regulation Of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis written by Alexandra Lee Ghaben and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Of Adipogenesis
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Author : Daniel Steven Halperin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Novel Regulatory Mechanisms Of Adipogenesis written by Daniel Steven Halperin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The study of fat tissue or adipose over the last half century has dramatically altered the perception of the fat cell, also known as the adipocyte. Once only thought to store fat, the adipocyte is currently recognized to be a highly critical and important metabolically active cell. Adipogenesis, the process of adipocyte formation, has now become an intense subject of basic scientific research in large part due to the up-surge in obesity and metabolic disease in modern day society. PPARgamma is the master regulator of adipogenesis and is also a validated target of anti-diabetic drug therapy. However, a renewed sense of urgency in discovering novel factors and mechanisms that regulate the expression and/or activity of PPARgamma now exists due to recent scrutiny in the clinical use of molecules that directly activate PPARgamma. Therefore, this thesis attempts to address this need by investigating and uncovering entirely new modes of regulation in the differentiating adipocyte. Part one of this thesis presents the construction of a transgenic mouse line that carries a reporter vector containing a cloned set of highly conserved non-coding genomic sequences endogenously found within and adjacent to the PPARgamma locus in the mouse genome. This examination represents an effort to identify a genomic regulatory sequence that confers tissue selective expression of adipose-specific genes such as PPARgamma. Identification of such an enhancer would undoubtedly shed new light on the regulation of gene expression in adipocytes and usher in a new paradigm in the study of adipose tissue. Part two of this thesis presents the identification of Vestigial-like 3 (Vgll3) as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. Vgll3 is a conserved transcriptional co-activator that is down-regulated during adipogenesis. This gene was initially observed to be differentially regulated between pre-adipocyte cell lines that exhibit contradictory potential to become lipid-laden adipocytes. When overexpressed in differentiating adipocytes in vitro, Vgll3 induces a potent block in PPARgamma expression and adipocyte formation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Vgll3 was observed to up-regulate the expression of genes previously determined to be inhibitors of adipogenesis and genes associated with other mesenchymal-derived cellular differentiation programs. These results point to Vgll3 as a gene whose expression must be carefully modulated during the formation of fully differentiated, mature adipose tissue.
The Adipose Organ
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Author : Saverio Cinti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Adipose Organ written by Saverio Cinti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Medical categories.
Brown And Beige Adipocytes
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Author : Jiyoung Bae
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Brown And Beige Adipocytes written by Jiyoung Bae and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Adipose tissues categories.
Recent findings of brown adipocytes and brown-like or beige adipocytes, capable of dissipating energy as heat, in adult humans have promised new hope for obesity treatment and prevention. Understanding of the regulation of brown and beige adipocytes will provide novel strategies to reach the goal. Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are responsible for inflammation in adipose tissue, which leads to adipose dysfunction and obesity associated chronic diseases. It has been shown that PRR activation induces inflammation, leading to insulin resistance in white adipocytes and white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the roles of PRR activation in brown adipocytes and brown adipose tissue (BAT) have not been studied. In addition, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that bioactive food components can contribute to obesity prevention; however, very few bioactive food components have been studied for their beneficial effects in promoting development and function of brown and beige adipocytes. This dissertation reports that (1) mRNA of PRRs and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines are upregulated in the BAT of both diet induced obesity mice model and ob/ob mice model; (2) activation of PRRs induces activation of NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways, leading to upregulation of the proinflammatory genes, MCP- 1, IL-6, RANTES, and TNF-[alpha], in mature brown adipocytes; (3) activation of PRRs suppresses UCP-1 expression, leading to decreased mitochondrial respiration and thermogenesis in mature brown adipocytes; (4) chronic activation of PRRs reduces adipogenesis and suppresses expression of brown-specific genes in both classic brown adipocytes and multipotent stem cells. This dissertation further demonstrates that naringenin, a flavanone mainly found in citrus fruits, enhances thermogenic activation in isoproterenol-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes through PKA/p38 MAPK pathways. The results suggest that PRR-mediated inflammation in brown adipocytes may be a potential target for regulating BAT development and function for obesity treatment and prevention. Dietary bioactive compounds, such as naringenin, could be beneficial in promoting functional BAT, thereby contributing to energy expenditure.
Tissue Specific Cell Signaling
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Author : Joana Vieira Silva
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-29
Tissue Specific Cell Signaling written by Joana Vieira Silva and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-29 with Medical categories.
Signal transduction comprises the intracellular biochemical signals which induce the appropriate cell response to an external stimulus. The players in signal transduction are diverse, from small molecules as first messengers, to proteins, receptors, transcription factors, among many others. The different signaling pathways and the crosstalk between them originates the unique signaling profile of every cell type in the human body. The cell signaling specificity depends on several aspects including protein composition, subcellular localization and complexes and gene promoters. This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the specific signaling pathways on a variety of human tissues. This information can be of great value for health science researchers, professionals and students to understand key pathways for tissue-specific functions in the plethora of signals, signals receptors, transducers and effectors. Chapter 3 and 15 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Nutrigenomics
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Author : Carsten Carlberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-11
Nutrigenomics written by Carsten Carlberg and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-11 with Science categories.
The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics, gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule “a picture tells more than thousand words”. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the "Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for individuals working in biomedicine.