Nuclear Weapons After The Comprehensive Test Ban

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Nuclear Weapons After The Comprehensive Test Ban

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Author : Eric H. Arnett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Nuclear Weapons After The Comprehensive Test Ban written by Eric H. Arnett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with History categories.

After more than three decades of on-off negotiations, a CTB treaty was signed in 1996. This book describes how the CTB will affect nuclear programmes and decision-making in the nuclear weapon states, the threshold states and the non-nuclear weapon states of proliferation concern. While some states will maintain their nuclear weapon arsenals and options under the CTB - and some weapon modernization may be undertaken - the CTB will foreclose a number of technologies and will probably be signed and ratified. Further the CTB will codify a norm against nuclear modernization and strengthen the norm against nuclear proliferation in a way that reinforces other efforts to restrict nuclear activities. The book examines the significance of treaty provisions that may be intended to accommodate existing nuclear weapon stockpiles or options and how these provisions may function as modernization or proliferation loopholes. It concludes with a review of practical steps that can be taken - both unilaterally and multilaterally - to further strengthen these norms and reinforce the CTB regime.

Nuclear Weapons After The Comprehensive Test Ban

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Author : Eric H. Arnett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996

Nuclear Weapons After The Comprehensive Test Ban written by Eric H. Arnett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Nuclear arms control categories.

Technical Issues Related To The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

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Author : National Academy of Sciences
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-08-01

Technical Issues Related To The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by National Academy of Sciences and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Drawing upon the considerable existing body of technical material related to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed and assessed the key technical issues that arose during the Senate debate over treaty ratification. In particular, these include: (1) the capacity of the United States to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its nuclear stockpile in the absence of nuclear testing; (2) the nuclear-test detection capabilities of the international monitoring system (with and without augmentation by national systems and instrumentation in use for scientific purposes, and taking into account the possibilities for decoupling nuclear explosions from surrounding geologic media); and (3) the additions to their nuclear-weapons capabilities that other countries could achieve through nuclear testing at yield levels that might escape detection, and the effect of such additions on the security of the United States.

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Background And Current Developments

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2008

Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Background And Current Developments written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

A comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (CTBT) is the oldest item on the nuclear arms control agenda. Three treaties currently bar all but underground tests with a maximum force equal to 150,000 tons of TNT. Since 1997, the United States has held 23 "subcritical experiments" at the Nevada Test Site to study how plutonium behaves under pressures generated by explosives. It asserts these experiments do not violate the CTBT because they cannot produce a self-sustaining chain reaction. Russia reportedly held some since 1998. The U.N. General Assembly adopted the CTBT in 1996. As of January 23, 2009, 180 states had signed it; 148, including Russia, had ratified. Of the 44 that must ratify the treaty for it to enter into force, 41 had signed and 35 had ratified. Five conferences have been held to facilitate entry into force, most recently in 2007. In 1997, President Clinton sent the CTBT to the Senate. In October 1999, the Senate rejected it, 48 for, 51 against, 1 present. It is on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's calendar. It would require a two-thirds Senate vote to send the treaty back to the President for disposal or to give advice and consent for ratification. The Obama Administration plans to seek Senate approval of the CTBT, followed by a diplomatic effort to secure ratification by the remaining states that must ratify for the treaty to enter into force.

Banning The Bang Or The Bomb

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Author : Mordechai Melamud
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-04-17

Banning The Bang Or The Bomb written by Mordechai Melamud and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-17 with Political Science categories.

The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), negotiated between 1994 and 1996, is the latest development in the nuclear arms control regime. It continues to serve a vital role in preserving the privileged status of the nuclear weapons states and barring the way to proliferation. Banning the Bang or the Bomb? brings together a team of leading international experts who together analyse its negotiation as a model of regime creation, examining collective dynamics, the behaviour of individual countries, and the nature of specific issues. The book offers practical guidance and training for members of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization future inspectorate to help negotiate their way during an on-site inspection (OSI) in an inspected state. This is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals alike that turns an analysis of what has happened into a manual for what is about to happen.

Nuclear Weapons And Security

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Author : Jonathan Medalia
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-07

Nuclear Weapons And Security written by Jonathan Medalia and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-07 with Political Science categories.

This book presents the debate on the test ban issue. Its first goal is agreement on effective verification measures to make it possible to ratify the Threshold Test Ban Treaty and the Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty.

Nuclear Weapons Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

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Author : Jonathan Medalia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

Nuclear Weapons Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by Jonathan Medalia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Nuclear arms control categories.

A comprehensive test ban treaty, or CTBT, is the oldest item on the nuclear arms control agenda. Three treaties currently limit testing to underground only, with a maximum force equal to 150,000 tons of TNT. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, the United States conducted 1,030 nuclear tests, the Soviet Union 715, the United Kingdom 45, France 210, and China 45. The last U.S. test was held in 1992; Russia claims it has not tested since 1990. In 1998, India and Pakistan announced several nuclear tests and declared that they were nuclear weapon states; each declared a moratorium on further tests, but neither has signed the CTBT. North Korea, which has not signed the treaty, conducted a nuclear test on October 9, 2006. Since 1997, the United States has held 23 "subcritical experiments" at the Nevada Test Site, most recently on August 30, 2006, to study how plutonium behaves under pressures generated by explosives. It asserts these experiments do not violate the CTBT because they cannot produce a self-sustaining chain reaction. Russia has reportedly held some since 1998, including several in 2000. The U.N. General Assembly adopted the CTBT in 1996. As of October 29, 2007, 177 states had signed it; 140, including Russia, had ratified; and of the 44 that must ratify the treaty for it to enter into force, 41 had signed and 34 had ratified. Five conferences have been held to facilitate entry into force, most recently in 2007.

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Negotiations

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Author : Maurice A. Mallin
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Negotiations written by Maurice A. Mallin and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty categories.

On July 16, 1945, the United States conducted the world's first nuclear explosive test in Alamagordo, New Mexico. The test went off as planned; a nuclear chain reaction, in the form of an explosion, could be created. Less than a month later, nuclear weapons were used to support Allied efforts to end World War II. Just 4 years later, on August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union conducted its first nuclear test. The United States intensified efforts to develop the hydrogen bomb, which it tested in 1952. The development of new nuclear weapon designs, as well as the imperative to test these designs, were now inextricably linked. Nuclear tests were considered essential to maintaining confidence in the effectiveness and usability of these weapons. Since the Alamogordo test, upwards of 2,000 nuclear tests have taken place globally. Of these, 528 were conducted in the atmosphere, with significant environmental consequences. Between 1945 and 1950, seven atmospheric nuclear tests took place. As the Cold War escalated, weapons testing accelerated: 63 such tests occurred between 1951 and 1954. Three of these were conducted by the United Kingdom, who joined the nuclear "club" with a test in 1952 (France tested in 1960, followed by China in 1964). In 1954, after an unexpectedly powerful and environmentally damaging test called Castle Bravo took place over Bikini Atoll in the Asia Pacific, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru called for a "standstill" in nuclear explosive testing: "Pending progress towards some solution, full or partial, in respect of the prohibition of these weapons of mass destruction, the Government would consider, some sort of what may be called a "standstill agreement" in respect, at least, of these actual explosions." In 1958 the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom undertook negotiations over a cessation of nuclear testing, but a number of issues, mostly related to verifying compliance, proved intractable. Some success was attained after the Cuban Missile Crisis, as the three parties agreed in 1963 to the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT), which banned all nuclear testing in the atmosphere, in space, or underwater. Nuclear tests would henceforth be permitted only underground. Subsequent efforts to negotiate a complete cessation proved unsuccessful until 1994, when negotiations on a multilateral comprehensive nuclear test ban began in earnest. These negotiations were completed in 1996. Shortly thereafter, a treaty text was overwhelmingly supported at the United Nations. However, over 20 years later, the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) has not yet entered into force. As such, this case study will consider the following: -- the developments that led to the start of negotiations; - the perspectives of the key actors and their impacts upon the negotiations; - summary of the negotiations, focusing on key issues and the efforts to reach resolution on them; - the endgame of the negotiationsa few key lessons learned, which may have utility for future multilateral negotiations, touching on issues associated with leadership, factors that impact decisionmaking, and how a negotiation must balance national interests and negotiating objectives.

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-04-29

The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This report also assesses various topics, including: the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing; the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions; commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; and potential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing. Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise.

Effects Of A Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty On United States National Security Interests

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Intelligence and Military Application of Nuclear Energy Subcommittee. Panel on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Effects Of A Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty On United States National Security Interests written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Intelligence and Military Application of Nuclear Energy Subcommittee. Panel on the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with National security categories.