Nucleosides As Biological Probes

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Nucleosides As Biological Probes

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Author : Robert J. Suhadolnik
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1979-09-10

Nucleosides As Biological Probes written by Robert J. Suhadolnik and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979-09-10 with Medical categories.

Examines the application of about 70 naturally occurring nucleoside and nucleotide analogs as biochemical probes in cellular reactions of humans, animals, mammalian cells in tissue culture, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and plants. Describes the discovery, isolation, production, physical and chemical properties, structural elucidation, syntheses, inhibitory properties, and biosynthesis of each newly discovered nucleoside analog. Includes a description of those nucleoside analogs currently accepted for treatment of cancer and viral infections in humans. Contains 1100 references.

Fluorescent Energy Transfer Nucleic Acid Probes

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Author : Vladimir V. Didenko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-04

Fluorescent Energy Transfer Nucleic Acid Probes written by Vladimir V. Didenko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-04 with Science categories.

Fluorescent nucleic acid probes, which use energy transfer, include such constructs as molecular beacons, molecular break lights, Scorpion primers, TaqMan probes, and others. These probes signal detection of their targets by changing either the intensity or the color of their fluorescence. Not surpr- ingly, these luminous, multicolored probes carry more flashy names than their counterparts in the other fields of molecular biology. In recent years, fluor- cent probes and assays, which make use of energy transfer, have multiplied at a high rate and have found numerous applications. However, in spite of this explosive growth in the field, there are no manuals summarizing different p- tocols and fluorescent probe designs. In view of this, the main objective of Fluorescent Energy Transfer Nucleic Acid Probes: Designs and Protocols is to provide such a collection. Oligonucleotides with one or several chromophore tags can form fluor- cent probes capable of energy transfer. Energy transport within the probe can occur via the resonance energy transfer mechanism, also called Förster tra- fer, or by non-Förster transfer mechanisms. Although the probes using Förster transfer were developed and used first, the later non-Förster-based probes, such as molecular beacons, now represent an attractive and widely used option. The term “fluorescent energy transfer probes” in the title of this book covers both Förster-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes and probes using non-FRET mechanisms. Energy transfer probes serve as molecule-size sensors, changing their fluorescence upon detection of various DNA reactions.

Nucleoside Mimetics

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Author : Claire Simons
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-12-21

Nucleoside Mimetics written by Claire Simons and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-21 with Medical categories.

Nucleosides exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity that generally results from their ability to inhibit specific enzymes. This activity has led to their use in the development of various pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of cancers and to combat harmful viruses, bacteria and parasites. Nucleoside Mimetics provides an introduction to the chemistry of nucleoside mimetics, which combines carbohydrate, heterocyclic and asymmetric synthesis. The book gives a comprehensive introduction to nucleosides and coverage of the various classes. The aim of Nucleoside Mimetics is to provide the reader with a useful insight into the diversity of nucleosides, the range of elegant chemistry involved and the continuing importance of nucleosides as both therapeutic agents and as probes for studying biochemical processes.

Nucleoside Triphosphates And Their Analogs

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Author : Morteza Vaghefi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19

Nucleoside Triphosphates And Their Analogs written by Morteza Vaghefi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Medical categories.

While adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is described as the universal currency of energy in all living organisms at the cellular level, the actual power lies in its phosphate tail. This book is the first dedicated to the field of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Its 13 chapters encompass the contributions of twenty scientists from both academia and industry. It provides collective information on the chemical, physiochemical, and biological properties of both natural and modified NTP and their application in life sciences. Three chapters review families of enzymes that depend on nucleotides for assembling DNA and RNA molecules. The appendix includes supporting NMR data.

Modified Nucleosides

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Author : Piet Herdewijn
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-09-08

Modified Nucleosides written by Piet Herdewijn and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-08 with Science categories.

Edited by one of the main driving forces behind the field's momentous rise in recent years, this one-stop reference is the first comprehensive resource to integrate recent advances. The first part addresses biochemical aspects and applications, the second and third parts are devoted to compounds with therapeutic potential, with the third part focusing on newly introduced anticancer nucleoside drugs. Essential reading for every scientist working in this area.

Control Of Biological Processes With Modified Nucleosides Amino Acids And Small Molecule Probes

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Author : Hrvoje Lusic
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Control Of Biological Processes With Modified Nucleosides Amino Acids And Small Molecule Probes written by Hrvoje Lusic and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

Development And Implementation Of Isomorphic And Isofunctional Fluorescent Nucleosides

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Author : Alexander Raymond Rovira
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

Development And Implementation Of Isomorphic And Isofunctional Fluorescent Nucleosides written by Alexander Raymond Rovira and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

Given that the molecules composing RNA and DNA are naturally nonemissive, we make use of fluorescent nucleoside analogues engaged in the same biological processes as their native counterparts to probe the mechanisms involved in such biological processes. I developed a synthesis to create a family of isothiazolo-pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. A necessity for these analogues was proposed out of the loss of key hydrogen-bond acceptor, nitrogen-7, found in the native purine scaffolds, missing in a previously synthesized family of fluorescent nucleoside analogues composed of a thiopheno-pyrimidine framework. Ultimately I pursued a route involving a Thorpe-Ziegler reaction to construct the isothiazole ring on an alkylated ribofuranose unit and synthesized each canonical RNA purine-based nucleoside analogue, adenosine (tzA) and guanosine (tzG). Cytosine (tzC), and uridine (tzU) analogues were synthesized as well using traditional nucleoside synthetic methods. Each final product was extensively studied to determine the photophysical properties, and found to be emissive as well as responsive to changes in pH and polarity. I compared the activity of our analogues in enzymatic systems through the use of adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme found in many purine metabolic pathways. The deamination of our fluorescent analogue, tzA, can be followed by both emission and absorption. When subjecting tzA to adenosine deaminase, I found effective deamination to isothiazolo-inosine (tzI) at the same rate as the native adenosine, and significantly faster than our previously synthesized thiophene-based adenosine analogue. The initial publication of these fluorescent analogues has given way to several ongoing collaborations and is finding utility in the fluorescent nucleoside community. The set of aforementioned synthesized RNA analogues was expanded to include several "non-canonical" RNA nucleosides such as xanthosine (tzX), isoguanosine (tzisoG), and diaminopurine (tz2-AA). Alongside these newly introduced nucleosides, my endeavors to synthesize this set of molecules with a unique heterocyclic scaffold were discussed in great detail, as non-traditional synthetic methods were required to synthesize each nucleoside. We conducted extensive studies on the photophysical properties of each molecule, identifying pKa values in both the ground and excited states, and identifying tautomeric species existing in the excited state of several molecules. I further explored the adenosine deaminase assay previously developed in our lab by looking at the effects of several of my synthesized molecules as direct inhibitors of this enzymatic process. These studies gave interesting results as the synthesized nucleoside analogues seemed to react with adenosine deaminase faster than their native counterparts. To further exemplify the power and utility of these fluorescent probes, we sought to develop fluorescent nucleoside-containing secondary metabolites in an effort to better understand relevant biological processes. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. In addition to its metabolic roles, it also serves as a substrate to enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications of proteins (e.g., ribosylation), thus rendering these enzymes important targets for drug discovery. An NAD+ analogue, which contains a fluorescent adenosine surrogate, has the potential to find broad utility in sensitive fluorescent assays. I incorporated our fluorescent adenosine analogue, tzA, into a fully functional NAD+ surrogate through chemical synthesis. This molecule, named NtzAD+, was found to be emissive and function exactly as the naturally occurring NAD+ in several systems that I employed, including alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme which oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde through the conversion of NAD+ to NADH, followed by treatment with lactate dehydrogenase, an enzyme which reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid through the conversion of NADH to NAD+, and arginine-specific mono ADP ribosyl transferases, enzymes that play a crucial role in post-translational modifications. To our knowledge, this is the first fluorescent NAD+ analogue known to exhibit changes between oxidized and reduced forms, lending itself to have great potential for biophysical assays.

Chemistry Biology And Clinical Uses Of Nucleoside Analogs

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Author : Alexander Bloch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

Chemistry Biology And Clinical Uses Of Nucleoside Analogs written by Alexander Bloch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Medical categories.

Modified Nucleosides As Probes And Regulators Of Rna Function

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Author : Robert Fong (II.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007

Modified Nucleosides As Probes And Regulators Of Rna Function written by Robert Fong (II.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Nucleosides categories.

Medicinal Chemistry Of Nucleic Acids

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Author : Lihe Zhang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-08-10

Medicinal Chemistry Of Nucleic Acids written by Lihe Zhang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-10 with Medical categories.

Complete, up-to-date coverage of the broad area of nucleic acid chemistry and biology Assembling contributions from a collection of authors with expertise in all areas of nucleic acids, medicinal chemistry, and therapeutic applications, Medicinal Chemistry of Nucleic Acids presents a thorough overview of nucleic acid chemistry—a rapidly evolving and highly challenging discipline directly responsible for the development of antiviral and antitumor drugs. This reliable resource delves into a multitude of subject areas involving the study of nucleic acids—such as the new advances in genome sequencing, and the processes for creating RNA interference (RNAi) based drugs—to assist pharmaceutical researchers in removing roadblocks that hinder their ability to predict drug efficacy. Offering the latest cutting-edge science in this growing field, Medicinal Chemistry of Nucleic Acids includes: In-depth coverage of the development and application of modified nucleosides and nucleotides in medicinal chemistry A close look at a large range of current topics on nucleic acid chemistry and biology Essential information on the use of nucleic acid drugs to treat diseases like cancer A thorough exploration of siRNA for RNAi and the regulation of microRNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a newly developing and exciting research area Thorough in its approach and promising in its message, Medicinal Chemistry of Nucleic Acids probes the new domains of pharmaceutical research—and exposes readers to a wealth of new drug discovery opportunities emerging in the dynamic field of nucleic acid chemistry.