Number Without Language Comparative Psychology And The Evolution Of Numerical Cognition
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Number Without Language Comparative Psychology And The Evolution Of Numerical Cognition
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Author : Christian Agrillo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2013-07-09
Number Without Language Comparative Psychology And The Evolution Of Numerical Cognition written by Christian Agrillo and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-09 with categories.
Despite once being reserved as perhaps a unique human ability, and one reliant on language, comparative and developmental research has shown that numerical abilities predate verbal language. Human infants and several non-human species have been shown to represent numerical information in varied contexts, and the capacity to discriminate both small and large numerosities has been reported in mammals, birds, amphibians, and fish. The similar performances often observed across such diverse species have led to the hypothesis that there may be shared core systems underlying number abilities of non-human species and human non-verbal numerical abilities. Thus, animal models could provide useful insight on our comprehension of numerical cognition, and in particular the evolution of non-verbal numerical abilities. Several aspects need be clarified. For instance the ontogeny of numerical competence in animals has been rarely investigated. It is unclear whether all species can represent numerical information or, on the contrary, use non-numerical continuous quantities that co-vary with number (such as cumulative surface area, density and space). In addition, the existence of a specific mechanism to process small numbers (<4), traditionally called ‘subitizing’, is highly debated. Neuro-anatomical correlates of numerical competence need also to be clarified, as well as brain lateralization of non-verbal numerical abilities. We solicit contributions in a variety of formats, from empirical research reports, to methodological, review and opinion papers that can advance our understanding on the topic. We particularly invite papers exploring the following issues: 1. Do non-human numerical abilities improve in precision across development as observed in human infants? 2. Can animals discriminate between quantities by using numerical information only? Is number a ‘last resort’ strategy adopted when no other continuous quantity is available? 3. To what extent do animals show similar numerical abilities? Do they show evidence of a subitizing-like process? 4. What kinds of things can be represented numerically by animals? What evidence is there for cross-modal numerical judgments, or judgments of sub-sets of stimuli, or perhaps even counting-like behavior in non-human species? 5. Do comparative studies help us to shed light on the neuro-anatomical correlates of number? By bringing together different studies on these issues we aim to contribute to a more complete picture of numerical competence in the absence of language.
Development Of Mathematical Cognition
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Author : Daniel B. Berch
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-10-03
Development Of Mathematical Cognition written by Daniel B. Berch and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-03 with Psychology categories.
Development of Mathematical Cognition: Neural Substrates and Genetic Influences reviews advances in extant imaging modalities and the application of brain stimulation techniques for improving mathematical learning. It goes on to explore the role genetics and environmental influences have in the development of math abilities and disabilities. Focusing on the neural substrates and genetic factors associated with both the typical and atypical development of mathematical thinking and learning, this second volume in the Mathematical Cognition and Learning series integrates the latest in innovative measures and methodological advances from the top researchers in the field. - Provides details about new progress made in the study of neural correlates of numerical and arithmetic cognition - Addresses recent work in quantitative and molecular genetics - Works to improve instruction in numerical, arithmetical, and algebraic thinking and learning - Informs policy to help increase the level of mathematical proficiency among the general public
Studying Animal Languages Without Translation An Insight From Ants
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Author : Zhanna Reznikova
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-14
Studying Animal Languages Without Translation An Insight From Ants written by Zhanna Reznikova and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-14 with Science categories.
The Author of this new volume on ant communication demonstrates that information theory is a valuable tool for studying the natural communication of animals. To do so, she pursues a fundamentally new approach to studying animal communication and “linguistic” capacities on the basis of measuring the rate of information transmission and the complexity of transmitted messages. Animals’ communication systems and cognitive abilities have long-since been a topic of particular interest to biologists, psychologists, linguists, and many others, including researchers in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence. The main difficulties in the analysis of animal language have to date been predominantly methodological in nature. Addressing this perennial problem, the elaborated experimental paradigm presented here has been applied to ants, and can be extended to other social species of animals that have the need to memorize and relay complex “messages”. Accordingly, the method opens exciting new dimensions in the study of natural communications in the wild.
Dyscalculia From Science To Education
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Author : Brian Butterworth
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-12-07
Dyscalculia From Science To Education written by Brian Butterworth and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Education categories.
Dyscalulia is caused by developmental differences in the structures and patterns of activation in the brain. Affected learners require timely and tailored interventions, informed and shaped by neurological findings. In this ground-breaking text, Professor Butterworth explains the latest research in the science of dyscalculia in a clear non-technical way. Crucially, he shows that dyscalculia is caused by a core deficit in the ability to accurately and swiflty represent the number of objects in a set, an ability that underpins learning arithmetic, and clearly differentiates dyscalculia from other forms of early maths learning difficulties. Butterworth uniquely links research to pedagogical practice, to explain how science can be used for the identification of dyscalculia, and for the development of strategies to best help affected learners acquire arithmetical competence. The text provides robust interventions that focus on helping pupils to strengthen their ability to process numerosities and link them to the familiar number symbols, counting words and digits. It shows that science has clear and specific implications both for assessment and intervention. A landmark publication for the dyscalculia community, Dyscalculia: From Science to Education will become an essential resource for teachers, professionals, parents and sufferers, as well as for university courses that include specific learning disabilities.
The Oxford Handbook Of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology
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Author : Jennifer Vonk
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-01-04
The Oxford Handbook Of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology written by Jennifer Vonk and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-04 with Psychology categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology ambitiously brings together an eclectic and provocative body of work from some of the brightest minds in comparative psychology and evolutionary psychology, highlighting the strengths and insights of each field. Across chapters, readers will come to appreciate the new field of "comparative evolutionary psychology," which successfully combines laboratory and field approaches, drawing on diverse methodologies and theoretical viewpoints to elucidate the mysteries of animal behavior and cognition. This comprehensive volume includes coverage of: - Unique specializations in a wide range of taxa from insects, cephalopods, reptiles, corvids, canines, cetaceans, and primates - Communication, cooperation, social learning, memory and cognitition in different species - Controversial theories about the evolution of sometimes surprising abilities in species, both phylogenetically close to and distant from humans. Suitable for seasoned researchers and graduate students alike, this volume reflects a range of views on human and non-human behavior and cognition, and advances these topics in a wide range of species.
The Nature And Development Of Mathematics
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Author : John Adams
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-04-21
The Nature And Development Of Mathematics written by John Adams and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-21 with Education categories.
From an infant’s first grasp of quantity to Einstein’s theory of relativity, the human experience of number has intrigued researchers for centuries. Numeracy and mathematics have played fundamental roles in the development of societies and civilisations, and yet there is an essential mystery to these concepts, evidenced by the fear many people still feel when confronted by apparently simple sums. Including perspectives from anthropology, education and psychology, The Nature and Development of Mathematics addresses three core questions: Is maths natural? What is the impact of our culture and environment on mathematical thinking? And how can we improve our mathematical ability? Examining the cognitive processes that we use, the origins of these skills and their cultural context, and how learning and teaching can be supported in the classroom, the book contextualises each issue within the wider field, arguing that only by taking a cross-disciplinary perspective can we fully understand what it means to be numerate, as well as how we become numerate in our modern world. This is a unique collection including contributions from a range of renowned international researchers. It will be of interest to students and researchers across cognitive psychology, cultural anthropology and educational research.
Cognition Evolution And Behavior
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Author : Sara J. Shettleworth
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-10
Cognition Evolution And Behavior written by Sara J. Shettleworth and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-10 with Psychology categories.
How do animals perceive the world, learn, remember, search for food or mates, communicate, and find their way around? Do any nonhuman animals count, imitate one another, use a language, or have a culture? What are the uses of cognition in nature and how might it have evolved? What is the current status of Darwin's claim that other species share the same "mental powers" as humans, but to different degrees? In this completely revised second edition of Cognition, Evolution, and Behavior, Sara Shettleworth addresses these questions, among others, by integrating findings from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a unique and wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research on animal cognition, in the broadest sense--from species-specific adaptations of vision in fish and associative learning in rats to discussions of theory of mind in chimpanzees, dogs, and ravens. She reviews the latest research on topics such as episodic memory, metacognition, and cooperation and other-regarding behavior in animals, as well as recent theories about what makes human cognition unique. In every part of this new edition, Shettleworth incorporates findings and theoretical approaches that have emerged since the first edition was published in 1998. The chapters are now organized into three sections: Fundamental Mechanisms (perception, learning, categorization, memory), Physical Cognition (space, time, number, physical causation), and Social Cognition (social knowledge, social learning, communication). Shettleworth has also added new chapters on evolution and the brain and on numerical cognition, and a new chapter on physical causation that integrates theories of instrumental behavior with discussions of foraging, planning, and tool using.
Developing Language And Literacy
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Author : Ronit Levie
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-10-07
Developing Language And Literacy written by Ronit Levie and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-07 with Education categories.
This volume dedicated to Dorit Ravid, offers 29 new chapters on the multiple facets of spoken and written language learning and usage from a group of illustrious scholars and scientists, focusing on typologically different languages and anchored in a variety of communicative settings. The book encompasses five interrelated yet distinct topics. One set of studies is in the field of developmental psycholinguistics, covering the acquisition of lexical and grammatical categories from toddlerhood to adolescence. A second topic involves a section of studies on the interface of cognition and language, with chapters on processing, production, comprehension, teaching and learning language in usage and in historical perspective. A third topic involves a theoretical and applied perspectives on the acquisition and development of literacy competence, including reading, writing, spelling and text production. A fourth topic brings together an array of studies on social, environmental and clinical diversity in language, highlighting novel issues in multilingualism, immigration, language and literacy disorders. Finally, a section of the volume examines in depth questions in Modern Hebrew linguistics, as the home language and launching base of Dorit Ravid’s research work.
Handbook Of Psychology Behavioral Neuroscience
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Author : Irving B. Weiner
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-10-16
Handbook Of Psychology Behavioral Neuroscience written by Irving B. Weiner and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-16 with Psychology categories.
Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.
Parrots Of The Wild
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Author : Catherine A. Toft
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2015-11-16
Parrots Of The Wild written by Catherine A. Toft and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-16 with Science categories.
"Parrots of the Wild is an exhaustive compendium of information about parrots, from their evolutionary history to their behavior to present-day conservation issues. A must-have for anyone interested in these amazing creatures." —Irene M. Pepperberg, Professor at Harvard University and author of Alex & Me: How a Scientist and a Parrot Discovered a Hidden World of Animal Intelligence—and Formed a Deep Bond in the Process "If you like parrots then you'll love this book. From their evolutionary past to their modern-day love lives, Parrots of the Wild presents a suitably captivating read. I thought I knew a lot about parrots--until I delved into these pages." —Tony Juniper, author of What Has Nature Ever Done for Us? and Spix’s Macaw: The Race to Save the World’s Rarest Bird Parrots of the Wild explores recent scientific discoveries and what they reveal about the lives of wild parrots, which are among the most intelligent and rarest of birds. Catherine A. Toft and Tim Wright discuss the evolutionary history of parrots and how this history affects perceptual and cognitive abilities, diet and foraging patterns, and mating and social behavior. The authors also discuss conservation status and the various ways different populations are adapting to a world that is rapidly changing. The book focuses on general patterns across the 350-odd species of parrots, as well as what can be learned from interesting exceptions to these generalities. A synthetic account of the diversity and ecology of wild parrots, this book distills knowledge from the authors’ own research and from their review of more than 2,400 published scientific studies. The book is enhanced by an array of illustrations, including nearly ninety color photos of wild parrots represented in their natural habitats. Parrots of the Wild melds scientific exploration with features directed at the parrot enthusiast to inform and delight a broad audience.