Observation And Experiment
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Observation And Experiment
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Author : Paul Rosenbaum
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2017-08-14
Observation And Experiment written by Paul Rosenbaum and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-14 with Mathematics categories.
A daily glass of wine prolongs life—yet alcohol can cause life-threatening cancer. Some say raising the minimum wage will decrease inequality while others say it increases unemployment. Scientists once confidently claimed that hormone replacement therapy reduced the risk of heart disease but now they equally confidently claim it raises that risk. What should we make of this endless barrage of conflicting claims? Observation and Experiment is an introduction to causal inference by one of the field’s leading scholars. An award-winning professor at Wharton, Paul Rosenbaum explains key concepts and methods through lively examples that make abstract principles accessible. He draws his examples from clinical medicine, economics, public health, epidemiology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry to explain how randomized control trials are conceived and designed, how they differ from observational studies, and what techniques are available to mitigate their bias. “Carefully and precisely written...reflecting superb statistical understanding, all communicated with the skill of a master teacher.” —Stephen M. Stigler, author of The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom “An excellent introduction...Well-written and thoughtful...from one of causal inference’s noted experts.” —Journal of the American Statistical Association “Rosenbaum is a gifted expositor...an outstanding introduction to the topic for anyone who is interested in understanding the basic ideas and approaches to causal inference.” —Psychometrika “A very valuable contribution...Highly recommended.” —International Statistical Review
Observation Experiment And Hypothesis In Modern Physical Science
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Author : Peter Achinstein
language : en
Publisher: Bradford Book
Release Date : 1985
Observation Experiment And Hypothesis In Modern Physical Science written by Peter Achinstein and has been published by Bradford Book this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with History categories.
These original contributions by philosophers and historians of science discuss a range of issues pertaining to the testing of hypotheses in modern physics by observation and experiment. Chapters by Lawrence Sklar, Dudley Shapere, Richard Boyd, R. C. Jeffrey, Peter Achinstein, and Ronald Laymon explore general philosophical themes with applications to modern physics and astrophysics. The themes include the nature of the hypothetico-deductive method, the concept of observation and the validity of the theoretical-observation distinction, the probabilistic basis of confirmation, and the testing of idealizations and approximations. The remaining four chapters focus on the history of particular twentieth-century experiments, the instruments and techniques utilized, and the hypotheses they were designed to test. Peter Galison reviews the development of the bubble chamber; Roger Stuewer recounts a sharp dispute between physicists in Cambridge and Vienna over the interpretation of artificial disintegration experiments; John Rigden provides a history of the magnetic resonance method; and Geoffrey Joseph suggests a statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics that can be used to interpret the Stern-Gerlach and double-slit experiments. This book inaugurates the series, Studies from the Johns Hopkins Center for the History and Philosophy of Science, directed by Peter Achinstein and Owen Hannaway. A Bradford Book.
Histories Of Scientific Observation
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Author : Lorraine Daston
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2011-02
Histories Of Scientific Observation written by Lorraine Daston and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02 with History categories.
Includes bibliographical referrences and index.
Observational Studies
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Author : Paul R. Rosenbaum
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Observational Studies written by Paul R. Rosenbaum and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Mathematics categories.
An observational study is an empirical investigation of the effects of treatments, policies, or exposures. It differes from an experiment in that the investigator cannot control the assignments of treatments to subjects. Scientists across a wide range of disciplines undertake such studies, and the aim of this book is to provide a sound statistical account of the principles and methods for the design and analysis of observational studies. Readers are assumed to have a working knowledge of basic probability and statistics, but otherwise the account is reasonably self-contained. Throughout there are extended discussions of actual observational studies to illustrate the ideas discussed. These are drawn from topics as diverse as smoking and lung cancer, lead in children, nuclear weapons testing, and placement programs for students. As a result, many researchers involved in observational studes will find this an invaluable companion to their work.
Estimating Causal Effects
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Author : Barbara Schneider
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Estimating Causal Effects written by Barbara Schneider and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Education categories.
Explains the value of quasi-experimental techniques that can be used to approximate randomized experiments. The goal is to describe the logic of causal inference for researchers and policymakers who are not necessarily trained in experimental and quasi-experimental designs and statistical techniques.
Observation And Experiment In The Natural And Social Sciences
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Author : Maria Carla Galavotti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-04-30
Observation And Experiment In The Natural And Social Sciences written by Maria Carla Galavotti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-30 with Science categories.
This volume is a contribution to the ongoing debate on the distinction between a ‘context of justification’ and a ‘context of discovery’. It is meant for researchers and advanced students in philosophy of science, and for natural and social scientists interested in foundational topics. Spanning a wide range of disciplines, it combines the viewpoint of philosophers and scientists and casts a new interdisciplinary perspective on the problem of observation and experimentation.
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Communication Research Methods
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Author : Mike Allen
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2017-04-11
The Sage Encyclopedia Of Communication Research Methods written by Mike Allen and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-11 with Social Science categories.
Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version.
Data Collection And Analysis
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Author : Roger Sapsford
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2006-03-29
Data Collection And Analysis written by Roger Sapsford and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-29 with Social Science categories.
In simple and non-technical terms, this text illustrates a wide range of techniques and approaches used in social research projects.
Planning Clinical Research
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Author : Robert A. Parker
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-10-12
Planning Clinical Research written by Robert A. Parker and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-12 with Mathematics categories.
Planning clinical research requires many decisions. The authors of this book explain key decisions with examples showing what works and what does not.
Participant Observation
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Author : Danny L. Jorgensen
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 1989-02-01
Participant Observation written by Danny L. Jorgensen and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-02-01 with Social Science categories.
While providing an introduction to basic principles and strategies, Participant Observation also explores the philosophy and methodology underlying the actual practice of participant observation. Taking a thoroughly practical approach to the methods of participant observation, Danny L. Jorgensen illustrates these methods with both classic and current research studies. By using the materials in this book, the reader can begin conducting participant observation research on their own.