Ocean Ambient Noise
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Ocean Ambient Noise
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Author : William M. Carey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-03-23
Ocean Ambient Noise written by William M. Carey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-23 with Science categories.
This monograph develops the theory of noise mechanisms and measurements, and describes general noise characteristics and computational methods. The vast ambient noise literature is concisely summarized using theory combined with key representative results. The air sea boundary interaction zone is described in terms of nondimensional variables requisite for future experiments. Noise field coherency, rare directional measurements, and unique basin scale computations and methods are presented. The use of satellite measurements in these basin scale models is demonstrated. A series of appendices provides in-depth mathematical treatments which will be of interest to graduate students and active researchers.
Ambient Noise In The Sea
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Author : Robert J. Urick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Ambient Noise In The Sea written by Robert J. Urick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Ambient sounds categories.
Sea Surface Sound
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Author : B.R. Kerman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Sea Surface Sound written by B.R. Kerman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In its relentless pursuit of further knowledge, science tends to compartmentalize. Over the years the pursuit of What might be called geophysical acoustics of the sea-surface has languished. This has occured even through there are well-developed and active research programs in underwater acoustics, ocean hydrodynamics, cloud and precipitation physics, and ice mechanics - to name a few - as well as a history of engineering expertise built on these scientific fields. It remained to create a convergence, a dialogue across disciplines, of mutual benefit. The central theme of the Lerici workshop, perhaps overly simplified, was 'What are the mechanisms causing ambient noise at the upper surface of the ocean?' What could hydrodynamicists contribute to a better understanding of breaking wave dynamics, bubble production, ocean wave dynamics, or near-surface turbulence for the benefit of the underwater acoustics community? What further insights could fluid dynamicists gain by including acoustic measurements in their repertoire of instrumentation? While every attendee will have his or her percep tions of details, it was universally agreed that a valuable step had been taken to bring together two mature disciplines and that significant co-operative studies would undoubtedly follow. The scope of the workshop was enlarged beyond its original intent to also include the question of ice-noise generation. The success of this decision can be seen in high quality of the presentations. the contribution of its disciples in the other workshop discussions and the heightened awareness and interest of we other novices.
Ambient Noise In The Sea
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Author : Robert J. Urick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Ambient Noise In The Sea written by Robert J. Urick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Science categories.
Ambient noise may be loosely said to be unwanted sound emanating from the sea itself. Its constituents typically come from a variety of somewhat diffusely combined sources: pressure changes and hydrostatic effects of tides and waves, oceanic turbulence, seismic disturbances, distant ship traffic, wind, rainfall, collapse of bubbles created by wave action, thermal agitation, marine animals and biological activity, breaking ice, and man-made noise such as distant oil rigs. Depending on locations in the ocean space, the times of day, season and year, and the happenstance of events and nature, the aforecited sources may or may not be contribute to the totality of ambient noise at any given time and place; and it may or may not exist as broad or narrow bands of energy in different regions of the frequency spectrum. More exactly defined, ambient noise is that part of the total noise background observed by an omnidirectional hydrophone in the sea which is: (1) not due to the hydrophone system's self-noise such as the noise of current flow around the measurement hydrophone and all forms of electrical noise; ambient noise is independent of the means used to observe it; and (2) not due to other identifiable localized sources of noise. Ambient noise is what is "left over" after all identifiable noise sources are accounted for. Ambient noise is an especially important consideration in detecting and identifying targets - be the targets submarines, underwater vehicles, floating mines, or fish-- in relatively quiet ocean environments and situations. In the case of active sonar, ambient noise typically becomes the dominant background against which the sonar receiver is trying to detect, and possibly identify, targets in the ocean space (not addressing search of the ocean floor) when it is greater than self noise and after the relatively loud reverberation noise created by the active sonar pings has died down in the sonar cycle. In the case of passive sonar, after taking into account self noise and possible extraneous noise from identifiable sources, ambient noise is the background against which the sonar receiver seeks to detect and identify targets. This book, AMBIENT NOISE IN THE SEA by Robert Urick, summarizes the main features of the ambient noise and gives the reader an easy to read, understandable entry in to its unclassified literature. This book is a must for engineers in the fields of active and passive sonars, underwater sensor and weapons systems, and underwater signal processing.
Ocean Noise And Marine Mammals
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-06-22
Ocean Noise And Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-22 with Science categories.
For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Natural Physical Sources Of Underwater Sound
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Author : B.R. Kerman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Natural Physical Sources Of Underwater Sound written by B.R. Kerman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
To place this book in perspective it is useful for the reader to be aware of the recent history of the topic of underwater sound generation at the ocean surface by natural mechanisms. A meeting in Lerici, Italy in 1987 was convened within the NATO Advanced Research Workshop series, to bring together underwater acousticians and ocean hydrodynamicists to examine various mechanisms which generate sound naturally at the ocean surface. A record of that meeting was published in the NATO scientific publication series in 1988 under the title 'Sea Surface Sound'. That meeting was successful in inspiring and co ordinating both participants and non-attending colleagues to examine some key issues which were raised during the course of presentations and discussions. The understanding among those present was that another meeting should be convened 3 years hence to report and review progress in the subject. Accordingly the second conference was convened in Cambridge in 1990, whose proceedings are presented here. This volume represents a very gratifying increase in only a 3 year interval in our understanding of a number of physical processes which generate sound at the peripheries of oceans. In fact it represents both the acceleration of singular effort as well as the development of interdisciplinary sophistication and co-operation. The enthusiasm, goodwill, and intense scientific curiosity which characterized the Lerici meeting carried through to Cambridge. The collegial atmosphere established by the participants was perfectly timed to foster another major advance in studies of ocean surface sound.
Deep Water Ambient Noise Levels In The Tongue Of The Ocean Bahamas February 1965
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Author : John S. Woodson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Deep Water Ambient Noise Levels In The Tongue Of The Ocean Bahamas February 1965 written by John S. Woodson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Oceanography categories.
In February 1965, ambient noise was measured at a depth of 250 feet in 3400 feet of water near Andros Island, Tongue of the Ocean, utilizing a buoyed self recording instrument. The instrument measured and recorded on photographic film noise levels over a one octave band-width having centers at 5.4, 10.5, 22, and 40kHz. Noise levels were low during daylight hours and high at night indicating the noise generators to be primarily biological. Tides did not appear to be a factor in causing variances of levels in the data, nor did winds, measured over land and at distances of 5 and 30 miles from the array, affect the levels. (Author).
International Regulation Of Underwater Sound
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Author : Elena McCarthy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-08
International Regulation Of Underwater Sound written by Elena McCarthy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-08 with Science categories.
Numerous incidents suggest that man-made sound injures and can kill marine mammals. This book offers an objective look at how ocean noise should be addressed given the lack of regulatory structure and the scientific uncertainty over the effects of noise on marine life. It is an essential text for policymakers, governments and NGOs, biologists, environmental activists, , oceanographers, and those in the shipping, engineering, and offshore oil and gas industries.
The Directional Distribution Of Ambient Noise In The Ocean
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Author : Bradford Albert Becken
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961
The Directional Distribution Of Ambient Noise In The Ocean written by Bradford Albert Becken and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with Physics categories.
Anisotrophy of deep ocean ambient noise in the frequency range of 750 to 1500 C was investigated, vertical and azimuthal dependencies were isolated, the identity of sources contributing to nonuniform distributions was established, and the radiation patterns of such sources were inferred. Deep ocean ambient noise was anisotropic at sea states above zero. The surface of the ocean was a major contributor to nonuniform distributions and the radiation patterns of such surface sources were deduced. Vertical anisotrophy was attributed to the superposition of a noise field due to the radiating ocean surface upon an isotropic field present in the absence of surface radiation. The intensity, at a receiver due to a unit incremental surface radiator of intensity, at one yard, can be considered as the intensity due to direct transmission or specular bottom reflection with attenuation due to spherical spreading and absorption occurring over the separation between radiator and receiver. (Author).
Shallow Water Ambient Noise Levels In The Tongue Of The Ocean Bahamas Fall Of 1965 And Summer Of 1966
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
Shallow Water Ambient Noise Levels In The Tongue Of The Ocean Bahamas Fall Of 1965 And Summer Of 1966 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Seawater categories.