On Site Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal From Septic Tank Effluent
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Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Sewage categories.
"This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
On Site Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal From Septic Tank Effluent
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Author : Brian B. Endter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
On Site Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal From Septic Tank Effluent written by Brian B. Endter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Innovative Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal
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Author : Crystal Grinnell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Innovative Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal written by Crystal Grinnell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Nitrate released from septic system effluents can percolate through the soil, potentially contaminating ground water and exacerbating surface water eutrophication. Alternatives to conventional septic-drainfield systems can remove nitrogen from this waste-stream, thereby protecting water quality. This study compares the nitrogen removal efficiency of two onsite treatment systems designed to maximize nitrogen removal via sequential nitrification-denitrification. The key requirements for denitrification (including oxic conditions for nitrification and anoxic conditions for denitrification and bioavailable carbon), were provided in both systems, however several key design features differed. The first system was a vegetated recirculating gravel filter (Vegetated RGF) and was designed as a single step system, incorporating nitrification and denitrification conditions in tandem and utilizing the septic tank effluent as the carbon source. The second system separated the nitrification and denitrification steps, using an RGF for nitrification and a vegetated woodchip bed for denitrification. Both systems were fed residential wastewater influent for one year. The two-stage Woodchip bed system provided far greater nitrogen and fecal coliform removal than the single-stage system, however, the two stage system was highly sensitive to temperature and removed less nitrogen during cold months. The Vegetated RGF average effluent total nitrogen (TN) was 15.1 ℗ł 1.9 mg/L, which equates to an average of 69% TN removal. The Woodchip bed system produced an average effluent of 1.7 ℗ł 1.0 and 6.4 ℗ł 4.2 mg-TN/L, during warm and cold months, respectively, resulting in an average TN removal of 92%. BOD, TSS and TP removal were similar in both systems. The Woodchip bed system exhibited exemplary nitrogen and fecal coliform removal and therefore has the potential to vastly improve residential wastewater treatment.
Evaluation Of Onsite Preanoxic Recirculating Gravel Filter Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal
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Author : Stephany Wei
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Evaluation Of Onsite Preanoxic Recirculating Gravel Filter Wastewater Treatment Systems For Nitrogen Removal written by Stephany Wei and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Approximately 25 percent of the United States population is served by conventional onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS), which consist of a septic tank followed by a soil adsorption field with subsurface effluent dispersion. OWTS have limited nitrogen removal ability, and in some locations their nitrogen loading contributes to eutrophication and impairs groundwater for potable uses. Consequently, there is a need for OWTS with improved nitrogen removal efficiency. The design of onsite nitrogen removal systems should be simple with minimal mechanical equipment and chemical addition. These systems should also require very little operating attention and provide reliable nitrogen removal performance under varying household load conditions. This study evaluated the long-term performance of two new designs intended to meet these requirements while also producing an average total nitrogen effluent concentration of less than 20 mg/L. The designs tested were modifications of recirculating gravel filters (RGF), which have been used for many years. RGFs are easy to operate and are proven to be highly effective for the removal of organic pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), as well as biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. The modified RGF systems included an anoxic zone below the normal aerobic zone in which flow from the upper zone contacted septic tank effluent flow to promote biological denitrification for nitrogen removal. The systems were considered passive nitrogen removal systems because they do not require an exogenous carbon source. The differences between the two system designs included one having a vegetated aerobic zone (Vegetated RGF) and the other having a layer of oyster shells at the top of aerobic zone, and a different anoxic zone inlet design and upflow flow pattern (Enhanced RGF) versus a horizontal anoxic zone flow pattern for the Vegetated RGF. Each system treated 480 gallon/day of domestic wastewater with a typical diurnal flow pattern. Their performance was evaluated for twelve months, which also included five stress tests that simulated extreme wash loads conditions, low loading periods, vacation interruptions, and power failure that might occur for a single home. This research evaluated and compared the performance of these systems in regards to nitrogen, BOD, TSS, total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform removal. Their responses to the stress tests and the effect of temperature were also assessed. The Vegetated RGF achieved high average treatment efficiencies for BOD (98%), TSS (99%), and fecal coliform (1.4 log reduction). The Enhanced RGF was equally effective at removing BOD (97%), TSS (99%), and fecal coliform (1.1 log reduction). Both systems achieved a total phosphorus removal efficiency of about 40 percent. The effluent annual average total nitrogen concentrations were 15.2 and 8.6 mg/L with 95th percentiles of 18.5 and 12.3 mg/L for the Vegetated RGF and Enhanced RGF systems, respectively. Both the Vegetated and Enhanced RGF systems had good nitrification efficiency, but some operational clogging in the feed distribution piping did cause higher effluent ammonia concentrations. The larger aerobic volume and lower nitrogen loading to the Vegetated RGF system provided a higher nitrification efficiency compared to the Enhanced RGF. A much greater denitrification efficiency was observed for the Enhanced RGF system compared to the Vegetated RGF system due to its improved method of contacting the nitrified flow from the upper aerobic zone and the septic tank effluent.
Design Manual
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Design Manual written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Septic tanks categories.
Site Characterization And Design Of On Site Septic Systems
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Author : M. S. Bedinger
language : en
Publisher: ASTM International
Release Date : 1997
Site Characterization And Design Of On Site Septic Systems written by M. S. Bedinger and has been published by ASTM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Holes categories.
Nitrogen Removal From Septic Effluent Utilizing On Site Wastewater Treatment Systems
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Author : Michael A. Urynowicz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Nitrogen Removal From Septic Effluent Utilizing On Site Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Michael A. Urynowicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Soil Based Wastewater Treatment
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Author : Jose A. Amador
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-01-22
Soil Based Wastewater Treatment written by Jose A. Amador and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Our book addresses the needs of practitioners, engineers, scientists, regulators, resource managers, planners, and others with a need to know about septic systems. It arose after discussions about the need for a text that integrated current understanding of the hydrologic, physical, chemical, and biological processes involved in the treatment of wastewater using soil. In our experience, people working with septic systems – ourselves included – have a fragmented understanding of what these systems are, how they function, how wastewater moves through soil, how and which pollutants are removed, and how these systems impact the environment and public health. The relevant information is scattered across disciplines, information sources and audiences. This book is an attempt to collect and integrate this information in one place, and provide a scientific framework for understanding soil-based wastewater treatment.
Impact Of Recirculating Nitrified Effluent On The Performance Of Passive Onsite Hybrid Adsorption And Biological Treatment Systems
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Author : Amulya Miriyala
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Impact Of Recirculating Nitrified Effluent On The Performance Of Passive Onsite Hybrid Adsorption And Biological Treatment Systems written by Amulya Miriyala and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Effluent quality categories.
Approximately 25% of households in the U.S. treat their wastewater onsite using conventional onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS). These systems typically include a septic tank or a series of septic tanks followed by a soil absorption system. They effectively remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), fats and grease but are not designed to remove significant amounts of nitrogen. High nitrogen loading to coastal and ground waters can be dangerous to aquatic life and public health. Hence, there is a need for advanced onsite wastewater treatment systems that can effectively remove nitrogen. Making enhanced nitrogen removal for OWTS as our primary goal, a laboratory scale Hybrid Adsorption and Biological Treatment Systems (HABiTS) was developed and upon observation of its effective nitrogen removal capacity, a pilot demonstration study with two side-by-side HABiTS, one with recirculation and one without recirculation (only forward flow) were constructed and tested at the Northwest Regional Water Reclamation Facility in Hillsborough County (Florida). HABiTS employ biological nitrogen removal and ion exchange for effective nitrogen removal. HABiTS is a two-stage process which uses nitrification for the oxidation of ammonium to nitrate and ion exchange for ammonium adsorption that helps buffer transient loading and also acts as a biofilm carrier in its stage 1 biofilter and it uses tire-sulfur hybrid adsorption denitrification (T-SHAD) in its stage 2 biofilter. These sulfur pellets help promote sulfur oxidation denitrification (SOD) and tire chips are used for nitrate adsorption during transient loading conditions, as biofilm carriers for denitrifying bacteria, and can also be used as organic carbon source to promote heterotrophic denitrification because they leach organic carbon. For this research, HABiTS without recirculation is considered as the control system and the performance of HABiTS with recirculation was tested for its ability to further enhance nitrogen removal from HABiTS. Nitrified effluent recirculation is a common strategy employed in wastewater treatment for enhanced nitrogen removal. It is the reintroduction of semi-treated wastewater to pass through an anoxic pre-treatment chamber to achieve better quality effluent. Recirculation is said to improve and consistently remove nitrogen at any hydraulic loading rate and/or nitrogen concentration. This is because of the dilution of high BOD septic tank effluent with nitrified effluent which lowers COD:TKN ratio and also improves mass transfer of substrates in the stage 1 biofilter. Recirculation also provides some pre-denitrification in the pre-treatment chamber, thereby reducing nitrogen load on the system. The HABiTS with recirculation (R) was run at 1:1 ratio of nitrified effluent recirculation rate to the influent flow rate for 50 days, and at 3:1 ratio for the remaining period of this research (200 days). The forward flow system (FF) was run under constant conditions throughout the research and comparisons between the two systems were made for different water quality parameters (pH, DO, conductivity, alkalinity, TSS, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and various nitrogen species). The final effluent ammonium results showed that the system with recirculation removed consistently > 80% NH4+-N during 1:1 and 3:1 recirculation ratios whereas the forward flow system achieved 57% removal. Further, an average of 81% total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal from the system influent was seen in the recirculation systems final effluent when compared to an average of 55% in forward flow systems final effluent. This research explains in detail, the impact of nitrified effluent recirculation on enhanced nitrogen removal in onsite systems and the results presented in this thesis proved that nitrified effluent recirculation provides promising enhanced nitrogen removal in an onsite wastewater treatment system.
Onsight Wastewater Treatment And Disposal Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Onsight Wastewater Treatment And Disposal Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Sewage disposal categories.
