On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes With Examples In Csmp Fst And Fortran
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On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes With Examples In Csmp And Fortran
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Author : P.A. Leffelaar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes With Examples In Csmp And Fortran written by P.A. Leffelaar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
A system may be studied by distinguishing its major components, characterizing the changes in them by differential equations that form their simplified representa tions, and then interconnecting these representations to obtain a model of the original system. Developing the model is the systems synthesis phase. The behaviour of the model may now be studied and compared with experimental results obtained from the system. This research method is called systems analysis and simulation. Systems analysis and simulation can serve to make predictions, to improve the insight in systems, and to test knowledge on consistency and completeness. Predictive models are rare in ecology, simply because the underlying processes which form the basis of the models are seldom well known. A successful example of a predictive model was the work of van Keulen (1975). He showed that under semi arid conditions, where water is the main factor controlling primary production, the simulation technique could predict the production of natural grasslands. Fair predicti ons could also be made for the Sahelian pastures (Penning de Vries & Djiteye, 1982). Predictive models of populations of different pest and disease organisms are being used in biological control systems (Zadoks et aI., 1984).
On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes With Examples In Csmp Fst And Fortran
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Author : P.A. Leffelaar
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1998-12-31
On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes With Examples In Csmp Fst And Fortran written by P.A. Leffelaar and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-12-31 with Computers categories.
This book presents a method for the analysis of ecological systems using numerical models. It describes the development of these models by means of relational diagrams and rate equations. The calculation of the dynamic behaviour of the models is studied through small computer programs. The approach is illustrated by treating examples ranging from simple exponential growth to the development of an insect population and transport phenomena in soils. About a hundred worked examples clarify the theoretical concepts presented and give the book a tutorial nature. The examples often illustrate the process, from defining the problem to the development of a computer program. Examples include models about yeasts, prey-predator interactions, pollutant and organic matter dynamics and heat flow in soil. Simulation languages are used to develop the programs, so that the need to learn technical programming details is minimized and attention can be focussed on the ecological problem. The use of these languages, which may be obtained via the editor, are described in the text. The book concludes with the presentation of a simulation environment in Fortran that is in fact produced by one of the simulation languages. This Fortran environment supports even more complex modelling than the simulation languages and, moreover, assures a high model portability. Those interested in applying systems analysis and simulation to the study of ecological processes, such as biologists, agro-ecologists and soil scientists, will find this book a valuable introduction. After studying the book readers will be able to develop their own models and to critically follow the literature on more complex ecosystem models
On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes
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Author : P. A. Leffelaar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
On Systems Analysis And Simulation Of Ecological Processes written by P. A. Leffelaar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Strategic Management Of Marine Ecosystems
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Author : Eugene Levner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-05-06
Strategic Management Of Marine Ecosystems written by Eugene Levner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-06 with Science categories.
The demand for advanced management methods and tools for marine ecosystems is increasing worldwide. Today, many marine ecosystems are significantly affected by disastrous pollution from industrial, agricultural, municipal, transportational, and other anthropogenic sources. The issues of environmental integrity are especially acute in the Mediterranean and Red Sea basins, the cradle of modern civilization. The drying of the Dead Sea is one of the most vivid examples of environmental disintegration with severe negative consequences on the ecology, industry, and wildlife in the area. Strategic management and coordination of international remedial and restoration efforts is required to improve environmental conditions of marine ecosystems in the Middle East as well as in other areas. The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) held in Nice in October 2003 was designed to: (1) provide a discussion forum for the latest developments in the field of environmentally-conscious strategic management of marine environments, and (2) integrate expertise of ecologists, biologists, economists, and managers from European, American, Canadian, Russian, and Israeli organizations in developing a framework for strategic management of marine ecosystems. The ASI addressed the following issues: Key environmental management problems in exploited marine ecosystems; Measuring and monitoring of municipal, industrial, and agricultural effluents; Global contamination of seawaters and required remedial efforts; Supply Chain Management approach for strategic coastal zones management and planning; Development of environmentally friendly technologies for coastal zone development; Modeling for sustainable aquaculture; and Social, political, and economic challenges in marine ecosystem management.
Mutual Sustainability Of Tubewell Farming And Aquifers
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Author : Ahmad Saeed Khattak
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-02
Mutual Sustainability Of Tubewell Farming And Aquifers written by Ahmad Saeed Khattak and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-02 with Science categories.
This book develops and presents a conceptual model for sustainable-groundwater irrigated agriculture. The model is based on the general principles of the economic theories of cost-benefit relations and behavioral models of resource use. The study has evaluated the advances in tubewell farming and the aquifer potential in arid Balochistan over a period of three decades. It has analyzed the booms and busts of the farming over time taking into consideration the local aquifer limitations and the socio-political considerations and policy framework. Three data sets – farmers, expert officials and satellite images - have been used to aid validation. By observing the most vital parameters, the study has concluded that the local aquifer has been falling at a rate directly proportional to the growth rate of irrigated farming, suggesting the current development process is unsustainable. For instance, the research finds that tubewell bores have reached down to depths where the term “aquifer mining” applies; as a result, irrigation costs have become too high to allow farming to be economically viable. In addition, desertification is steadily encroaching and the cropping pattern being changed from high-value horticulture to subsistence cropping. The study has also set parameters for assessing the willingness of farmers to accept modern, sustainable strategies and interventions.
Environmental Health Perspectives
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Environmental Health Perspectives written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Environmental health categories.
Outlook On Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Outlook On Agriculture written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Agriculture categories.
The Cumulative Book Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Cumulative Book Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with American literature categories.
Control Jer Rquico Multiobjetivo De Crecimiento De Cultivos Bajo Invernadero
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Author : José Armando Ramírez Arias
language : es
Publisher: Universidad Almería
Release Date : 2005-11-09
Control Jer Rquico Multiobjetivo De Crecimiento De Cultivos Bajo Invernadero written by José Armando Ramírez Arias and has been published by Universidad Almería this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Las técnicas indirectas de estimación en muestreo de poblaciones finitas tratan de mejorar, en la fase de estimación, mediante el conocimiento de información suplementaria aportada por una o varias variables auxiliares, la precisión de los estimadores directos que no utilizan más que la información que proporciona la observación de la variable de interés en la muestra seleccionada. En esta tesis se presenta una visión conjunta de las técnicas indirectas de estimación y el método del muestreo en ocasiones sucesivas, diseño muestral que es utilizado en gran cantidad de encuestas continuas elaboradas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, como es el caso de la Encuesta de Población Activa. Bajo un diseño de muestreo en dos ocasiones se aborda el problema de la estimación de parámetros poblacionales, tales como la media, la varianza, la mediana, la razón y el producto de medias. Para los estimadores propuestos se obtiene la fracción óptima de la muestra que debe solaparse, así como las condiciones bajo las cuales, dichos estimadores mejoran en precisión al correspondiente estimador directo y a estimadores indirectos propuestos por otros autores. Las técnicas indirectas de estimación en muestreo de poblaciones finitas tratan de mejorar, en la fase de estimación, mediante el conocimiento de información suplementaria aportada por una o varias variables auxiliares, la precisión de los estimadores directos que no utilizan más que la información que proporciona la observación de la variable de interés en la muestra seleccionada. En esta tesis se presenta una visión conjunta de las técnicas indirectas de estimación y el método del muestreo en ocasiones sucesivas, diseño muestral que es utilizado en gran cantidad de encuestas continuas elaboradas por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, como es el caso de la Encuesta de Población Activa. Bajo un diseño de muestreo en dos ocasiones se aborda el problema de la estimación de parámetros poblacionales, tales como la media, la varianza, la mediana, la razón y el producto de medias. Para los estimadores propuestos se obtiene la fracción óptima de la muestra que debe solaparse, así como las condiciones bajo las cuales, dichos estimadores mejoran en precisión al correspondiente estimador directo y a estimadores indirectos propuestos por otros autores.
American Book Publishing Record
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
American Book Publishing Record written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with American literature categories.