On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain
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On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain
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Author : Harry A. Whitaker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain written by Harry A. Whitaker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain
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Author : Harry Allen Whitaker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain written by Harry Allen Whitaker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with categories.
On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain
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Author : Harry A. Whitaker
language : en
Publisher: Edmonton [Alta.] ; Champaign [Ill.] : Linguistic Research
Release Date : 1971
On The Representation Of Language In The Human Brain written by Harry A. Whitaker and has been published by Edmonton [Alta.] ; Champaign [Ill.] : Linguistic Research this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Aphasia categories.
Religion Language And The Human Mind
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Author : Paul Anthony Chilton
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
Religion Language And The Human Mind written by Paul Anthony Chilton and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Philosophy categories.
Religion is a multi-faceted and complex human phenomenon, combining many different mental and social characteristics. Among these, language plays a crucial though often neglected role. This volume brings together groundbreaking work from linguistics, cognitive science and neuroscience, as well as from religious studies, in order to illuminate the origins and centrality of religion in human life.
Language In Our Brain
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Author : Angela D. Friederici
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2017-11-16
Language In Our Brain written by Angela D. Friederici and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A comprehensive account of the neurobiological basis of language, arguing that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Language makes us human. It is an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it. Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents responsible for its phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects. In this landmark work, Angela Friederici offers a comprehensive account of these subcomponents and how they are integrated. Tracing the neurobiological basis of language across brain regions in humans and other primate species, she argues that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Friederici shows which brain regions support the different language processes and, more important, how these brain regions are connected structurally and functionally to make language processes that take place in milliseconds possible. She finds that one particular brain structure (a white matter dorsal tract), connecting syntax-relevant brain regions, is present only in the mature human brain and only weakly present in other primate brains. Is this the “missing link” that explains humans' capacity for language? Friederici describes the basic language functions and their brain basis; the language networks connecting different language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract, that is the crucial factor in both language development and evolution.
Language And The Brain
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Author : Yosef Grodzinsky
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2000-02-28
Language And The Brain written by Yosef Grodzinsky and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-02-28 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The study of language has increasingly become an area of interdisciplinary interest. Not only is it studied by speech specialists and linguists, but by psychologists and neuroscientists as well, particularly in understanding how the brain processes meaning. This book is a comprehensive look at sentence processing as it pertains to the brain, with contributions from individuals in a wide array of backgrounds, covering everything from language acquisition to lexical and syntactic processing, speech pathology, memory, neuropsychology, and brain imaging.
How The Brain Got Language
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Author : Michael A. Arbib
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2012-04-11
How The Brain Got Language written by Michael A. Arbib and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Unlike any other species, humans can learn and use language. In this book, Michael Arbib presents the Mirror System Hypothesis, which suggests how complex imitation supported the breakthrough to pantomime, protosign and protospeech and then, through cultural evolution, to fully fledged languages.
Human Language
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Author : Peter Hagoort
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-10-29
Human Language written by Peter Hagoort and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-29 with Psychology categories.
A unique overview of the human language faculty at all levels of organization. Language is not only one of the most complex cognitive functions that we command, it is also the aspect of the mind that makes us uniquely human. Research suggests that the human brain exhibits a language readiness not found in the brains of other species. This volume brings together contributions from a range of fields to examine humans' language capacity from multiple perspectives, analyzing it at genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and linguistic levels. In recent decades, advances in computational modeling, neuroimaging, and genetic sequencing have made possible new approaches to the study of language, and the contributors draw on these developments. The book examines cognitive architectures, investigating the functional organization of the major language skills; learning and development trajectories, summarizing the current understanding of the steps and neurocognitive mechanisms in language processing; evolutionary and other preconditions for communication by means of natural language; computational tools for modeling language; cognitive neuroscientific methods that allow observations of the human brain in action, including fMRI, EEG/MEG, and others; the neural infrastructure of language capacity; the genome's role in building and maintaining the language-ready brain; and insights from studying such language-relevant behaviors in nonhuman animals as birdsong and primate vocalization. Section editors Christian F. Beckmann, Carel ten Cate, Simon E. Fisher, Peter Hagoort, Evan Kidd, Stephen C. Levinson, James M. McQueen, Antje S. Meyer, David Poeppel, Caroline F. Rowland, Constance Scharff, Ivan Toni, Willem Zuidema
Language And Cognition
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Author : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-07-07
Language And Cognition written by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-07 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.
Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.
Semantic Representation In The Human Brain
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Author : Alexander Huth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Semantic Representation In The Human Brain written by Alexander Huth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The goal of the human sensory system is to build a useful internal representation of the world. In vision, this means that the brain categorizes and identifies all the objects and actions that are being observed. In language, it means that the brain understands the meaning of each word that is being perceived, and integrates across words to understand the meaning of a narrative. Both of these processes can be seen as extracting the meaning, or semantic content, from a dense stream of sensory information. We know very little about how the brain accomplishes these feats. Indeed, entire fields of research (computer vision and natural language processing) are devoted to reproducing on a computer feats of understanding that the human brain accomplishes with ease. We may be able to gain insight into these processes by studying how the semantic information extracted from visual and linguistic stimuli is represented in the brain. This dissertation describes three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments that have helped to reveal how visual and linguistic semantic information are represented across the human cerebral cortex. These experiments relied on a relatively new fMRI analysis methodology known as voxel-wise modeling (VM). Although this methodology was developed for modeling how the brain represents the structure of visual information, it was adapted here for modeling representation of the extremely complex semantic information present in natural movies and natural narrative stories. The first experiment (Chapter 2) showed that information about object and action categories present in natural movies is represented in a low-dimensional semantic space that is shared across subjects. Projecting this semantic space across the cortex revealed that semantic information is represented in broad cortical gradients that cover a surprising amount of the cortical surface. The second experiment (Chapter 3) showed that information about the semantic content of narrative spoken stories is also represented in a low-dimensional space that is shared across subjects. To model the complex cortical maps for this semantic space a new technique was developed called PrAGMATiC (Probabilistic And Generative Model of Areas Tiling the Cortex). This new technique revealed that the cortical semantic maps can be explained by about 230 functional areas that cover much of the prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, precuneus, and temporal cortex. Finally, the third experiment (Chapter 4) showed that a novel hierarchical logistic regression (HLR) model could accurately decode the categories of objects and actions present in natural movies from fMRI responses.