Open Science The Very Idea
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Open Science The Very Idea
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Author : Frank Miedema
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-29
Open Science The Very Idea written by Frank Miedema and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-29 with Science categories.
This open access book provides a broad context for the understanding of current problems of science and of the different movements aiming to improve the societal impact of science and research. The author offers insights with regard to ideas, old and new, about science, and their historical origins in philosophy and sociology of science, which is of interest to a broad readership. The book shows that scientifically grounded knowledge is required and helpful in understanding intellectual and political positions in various discussions on the grand challenges of our time and how science makes impact on society. The book reveals why interventions that look good or even obvious, are often met with resistance and are hard to realize in practice. Based on a thorough analysis, as well as personal experiences in aids research, university administration and as a science observer, the author provides - while being totally open regarding science's limitations- a realistic narrative about how research is conducted, and how reliable ‘objective’ knowledge is produced. His idea of science, which draws heavily on American pragmatism, fits in with the global Open Science movement. It is argued that Open Science is a truly and historically unique movement in that it translates the analysis of the problems of science into major institutional actions of system change in order to improve academic culture and the impact of science, engaging all actors in the field of science and academia.
Philosophy Of Open Science
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Author : Sabina Leonelli
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-08-31
Philosophy Of Open Science written by Sabina Leonelli and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-31 with Science categories.
The Open Science [OS] movement aims to foster the wide dissemination, scrutiny and re-use of research components for the good of science and society. This Element examines the role played by OS principles and practices within contemporary research and how this relates to the epistemology of science. After reviewing some of the concerns that have prompted calls for more openness, it highlights how the interpretation of openness as the sharing of resources, so often encountered in OS initiatives and policies, may have the unwanted effect of constraining epistemic diversity and worsening epistemic injustice, resulting in unreliable and unethical scientific knowledge. By contrast, this Element proposes to frame openness as the effort to establish judicious connections among systems of practice, predicated on a process-oriented view of research as a tool for effective and responsible agency. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Very Idea Of Modern Science
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Author : Joseph Agassi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-14
The Very Idea Of Modern Science written by Joseph Agassi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-14 with Science categories.
This book is a study of the scientific revolution as a movement of amateur science. It describes the ideology of the amateur scientific societies as the philosophy of the Enlightenment Movement and their social structure and the way they made modern science such a magnificent institution. It also shows what was missing in the scientific organization of science and why it gave way to professional science in stages. In particular the book studies the contributions of Sir Francis Bacon and of the Hon. Robert Boyle to the rise of modern science. The philosophy of induction is notoriously problematic, yet its great asset is that it expressed the view of the Enlightenment Movement about science. This explains the ambivalence that we still exhibit towards Sir Francis Bacon whose radicalism and vision of pure and applied science still a major aspect of the fabric of society. Finally, the book discusses Boyle’s philosophy, his agreement with and dissent from Bacon and the way he single-handedly trained a crowd of poorly educated English aristocrats and rendered them into an army of able amateur researchers.
Achieving Global Open Access
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Author : Stephen Pinfield
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-07-10
Achieving Global Open Access written by Stephen Pinfield and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-10 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Achieving Global Open Access explores some of the key conditions that are necessary to deliver global Open Access (OA) that is effective and equitable. Often assumed to be a self-evident good, OA has been subject to growing criticism for perpetuating global inequities and epistemic injustices. It has been seen as imposing exploitative business and publishing models and as exacerbating exclusionary research evaluation cultures and practices. Pinfield engages with these issues, recognising that the global OA debate is now not just about publishing business models and academic reward structures, but also about what constitutes valid and valuable knowledge, how we know, and who gets to say. The book argues that, for OA to deliver its potential, it first needs to be associated with ‘epistemic openness’, a wider and more inclusive understanding of what constitutes valid and valuable knowledge. It also needs to be accompanied by ‘participatory openness’, enabling contributions to knowledge from more diverse communities. Interacting with relevant theory and current practice, the book discusses the challenges in implementing these different forms of openness, the relationships between them, and their limits. Achieving Global Open Access is essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of Library and Information Science, Open Access and Publishing. It will also be valuable and interesting to library and publishing professionals around the world.
The Doctor And The Algorithm
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Author : S. Scott Graham
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022
The Doctor And The Algorithm written by S. Scott Graham and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Computers categories.
The Doctor and the Algorithm weighs the imaginative promises of health AI against the real and unintended consequences that deep medicine can bring for patients, providers, and public health alike.
Talent Management In Higher Education
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Author : Marian Thunnissen
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2024-05-21
Talent Management In Higher Education written by Marian Thunnissen and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-21 with Business & Economics categories.
The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. This short book aims to present an overview of empirical research on Talent Management, and offers an integrated model that addresses the full nature and scope of TM in practice.
Reconstructing Research Integrity
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Author : Barbara Redman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-03-23
Reconstructing Research Integrity written by Barbara Redman and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-23 with Study Aids categories.
This book exposes significant threats to research integrity and identifies policies and practices that can reverse these trends. It is focused on human research and US policy. Recent assessments have shown inadequacies in institutions, policies, and practices that seriously compromise ethics. The presumed self-regulatory nature of the scientific endeavor has been exposed to have allowed unabated areas of poor-quality science, an incomplete and inaccessible scientific record, conflicts of interest, differing notions of accountability, virtually no evidence base to direct research integrity policy, and a growing sense of alienation, moral injury and even revolt among scientists. Reconstructing Research Integrity aims to capture ways of vigorously moving toward scientific and ethical rigor, including self-correction and emerging or already-successful initiatives. The book begins with analysis of the full system of institutions, policies, and practices involved in production, dissemination, and application of research, including an examination of the blind spots in research ethics ideology, policy, and practice. The book then identifies policies and practices that can reverse harmful ethical trends, such as strengthening Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training and improving self-regulation in the scientific community. Finally, the book discusses the constant evolution of research ethics and integrity, which is illustrated by emerging research fields like gene editing and data science. This book will be of interest to all research administrators in academic, commercial and government positions; to policy advisors at the National Science Foundation and at the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine; to graduate students in research ethics; to advanced bioethics education programs across the globe; and to researchers and consultants in ELSI (ethical, legal, and social implications) programs.
Building Communities In Academia
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Author : Melina Aarnikoivu
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2024-08-06
Building Communities In Academia written by Melina Aarnikoivu and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-06 with Education categories.
This book contains an Open Access chapter. Building Communities in Academia poses important questions, providing extensive insights that scholars and practitioners can use when developing community-related activities to enhance connection in academia.
Never Waste A Good Crisis
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Author : Klaas Sijtsma
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-06-15
Never Waste A Good Crisis written by Klaas Sijtsma and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-15 with Science categories.
This book covers statistical consequences of breaches of research integrity such as fabrication and falsification of data, and researcher glitches summarized as questionable research practices. It is unique in that it discusses how unwarranted data manipulation harms research results and that questionable research practices are often caused by researchers’ inadequate mastery of the statistical methods and procedures they use for their data analysis. The author’s solution to prevent problems concerning the trustworthiness of research results, no matter how they originated, is to publish data in publicly available repositories and encourage researchers not trained as statisticians not to overestimate their statistical skills and resort to professional support from statisticians or methodologists. The author discusses some of his experiences concerning mutual trust, fear of repercussions, and the bystander effect as conditions limiting revelation of colleagues’ possible integrity breaches. He explains why people are unable to mimic real data and why data fabrication using statistical models stills falls short of credibility. Confirmatory and exploratory research and the usefulness of preregistration, and the counter-intuitivenature of statistics, are discussed. The author questions the usefulness of statistical advice concerning frequentist hypothesis testing, Bayes-factor use, alternative statistics education, and reduction of situational disturbances like performance pressure, as stand-alone means to reduce questionable research practices when researchers lack experience with statistics. An interview with the author can be found here: https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/magazine/overview/former-rector-sijtsma-turn-statistician-fight-fraud-and-sloppiness.
Science Wars
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Author : Steven L. Goldman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-11-25
Science Wars written by Steven L. Goldman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-25 with History categories.
In this book, Steven L. Goldman breaks down the barriers between these two groups to explain what scientists know, how they know it, why it's reliable, and why the general public doesn't always know how to make sense of this. Taking readers from Plato's "perpetual battle" to modern disagreements about vaccines, Goldman's Science Wars provides a thought-provoking analysis of the reliability of science.