Operation Danube
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Operation Danube
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Author : David Francois
language : en
Publisher: Europe@war
Release Date : 2020-10-19
Operation Danube written by David Francois and has been published by Europe@war this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-19 with History categories.
On 20 August 1968, hundreds of thousands of soldiers, dozens of thousands of tanks and armored vehicles, and hundreds of military aircraft of the Warsaw Pact armed forces invaded Czechoslovakia in an operation code-named Danube. It was the largest military undertaking in Europe since 1945. Starting with a description of the history of Czechoslovakia, especially after the communist takeover of power in 1948, this volume describes the birth and development of the Prague Spring in 1968 and an attempt to reform the communist system from within. It recounts the hostility this process encountered on the part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR/Soviet Union), and its allies within the Warsaw Pact, and provoked a split in the Kremlin about solutions for the resulting 'Czechoslovak problem'. The crisis that developed throughout the spring and summer of 1968 led to the military intervention. While paying special attention to the military and strategic aspects of the Czechoslovak crisis, this volume also provides a blow-by-blow account of its impacts upon the Czechoslovak armed forces and the Warsaw Pact. The subsequent military operation - codenamed Operation Danube - is described in all of its components, including the airborne and ground aspects, and the political operation that supported it. Within only 24 hours, the Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces secured the entire territory of Czechoslovakia, de-facto overrunning the local armed forces in the process. The Czechoslovak population organized non-violent resistance, thus highlighting the political aspects of the intervention. However, it was hopelessly out of condition to prevent the ultimate downfall of the so-called 'Prague Spring', and the related hopes. Nevertheless, the application of military power against a popularly-supported political reform marked a turning point in the Cold War, and forever changed the balance of power in Central Europe. Guiding the reader meticulously through the details of the forces involved, their organisation and equipment, Operation Danube offers a uniquely in-depth account of the invasion of Czechoslovakia and is profusely illustrated with more than 100 photos, maps, and exclusive colour artworks.
Operation Danube Reconsidered
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Author : Jakub Drábik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Operation Danube Reconsidered written by Jakub Drábik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Czechoslovakia categories.
Operation Danube Reconsidered
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Author : Jakub Drábik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-04-21
Operation Danube Reconsidered written by Jakub Drábik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-21 with categories.
This book brings the international context of the 1968 crisis in Czechoslovakia to the center of attention. It brought together experts from within as well as from without Central Europe to kindle an international discussion on the Prague spring, its origins, its unfolding, its aftermath, and, most importantly, the international context.
Days Of Battle
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Author : Norbert Számvéber
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2013-10-19
Days Of Battle written by Norbert Számvéber and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-19 with History categories.
This volume of WWII military studies examines significant yet neglected clashes of German-Hungarian and Soviet armor north of the river Danube. In Days of Battle, Dr. Norbert Számvéber, chief of Hungary's military archives, examines armor combat operations in the southern territory of the historical Upper Hungary (part of Hungary between 1938 and 1945, at the present time now part of Slovakia) in three separate studies. The first is an account of the battle between the Ipoly and Garam rivers during the second half of December 1944, in which the élite Hungarian Division "Szent László" saw action for the first time. The second study examines the fierce tank battle of Komárom, fought between January 6th–22nd of 1945. This was an integral part of the Battle for Budapest, parallel in time with Operation Konrad. The third study describes the combat during the German Operation Südwind in February 1945, as well as the Soviet attack launched in the direction of Bratislava in March 1945. Based on files and documentation from German, Hungarian and Soviet sources, Dr. Számvéber’s authoritative text is supported by photographs and color battle maps.
In The Shadow Of The Prague Spring
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Author : Mihai Retegan
language : en
Publisher: Center For Romanian Studies
Release Date : 2000
In The Shadow Of The Prague Spring written by Mihai Retegan and has been published by Center For Romanian Studies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with History categories.
The Prague Spring was one of the most decisive moments in twentieth century European history. The efforts by Czechoslovak leaders in 1968 to create socialism "with a human face" had great repercussions not only in that country, but throughout the Soviet bloc. In the shadow of the Prague Spring, Romanian leaders also pursued a maverick position within the Communist bloc, not only through the refusal of the country to participate in the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, but also by the independence manifested by Romanian leaders beginning as early as 1964. On 21 August 1968, when Warsaw Pact troops entered Czechoslovakia, Romania faced the danger of imminent foreign invasion. Romania's response to this situation was based on the strong anti-Soviet feeling of both the army and the population. This book presents a systematic analysis of the Romanian foreign policy in 1968, Romania's reaction towards "the Prague Spring," its position at various international conferences of the Communist and workers' parties, and the relation between Romania and COMECON. The book discusses in great detail the attitudes of the Romanian and Soviet governments during the political and diplomatic crisis in 1968 and analyzes the position assumed by Romania in August 1968.
Red Wind Over The Balkans
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Author : Kaloyan Matev
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-06-15
Red Wind Over The Balkans written by Kaloyan Matev and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-15 with categories.
This book describes two Soviet offensive operations carried out during September and October 1944. The first was the operation for the occupation of Bulgaria - known as the 'Bulgarian operation'; the second was the Belgrade offensive operation, which was carried out immediately after the Bulgarian operation. Although separate, the two operations were closely linked to each other: the first was conducted in an almost peaceful manner, which saved resources. This necessitated that the Soviet Command carried out the second operation promptly, which seriously endangered the encirclement of German Army Group ? position in the Southern Balkans. Pressed by the advancing Red Army, the German troops withdrew from the territories of Greece and Albania. They also relocated fresh forces from the Western Balkans to the Bulgarian-Yugoslav Border in order to build up a defense line. The book describes in detail the heavy battles during the Belgrade offensive operation. Both combatants suffered from the same problems: heavy mountainous terrain; poor roads and infrastructure; and severe weather conditions. This is one of the few Soviet offensives which started without a large superiority of their forces over those of the enemy. The German soldiers were trained to fight in mountainous conditions, and the Soviets were not. The Soviet armament was more modern, but heavier. Additionally, it was not designed to move on the narrow and steep mountain roads. Therefore, the success of this offensive operation was unclear for a long time. The German Command was but a step away from turning Belgrade into a fortress, and slowing down the war in the region for months. The Soviet troops won, but as a result of very tough fighting. After Bulgaria joined the Allied forces, its military forces were subject to the command of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. The commander of the Front used this new ally to the max - thus conserving Soviet forces. There is also a short description of the activities of the Bulgarian troops, who undertook a secondary offensive from the Aegean Sea to the town of Nis in Southern Serbia. The book describes the operations of both ground and air forces. Special attention is paid to the Soviet tank and mechanized units which participated in both operations, and the book benefits from a detailed set of daily statistics and accompanying analysis which has not been attempted before. As well as a detailed narrative, the author also provides information covering camouflage, markings and unit insignia. The authoritative text is supported by more than 400 photographs (the majority of them previously unpublished); full-color profiles showing the aforementioned camouflage, markings and unit insignia; and also full-color battle maps. This book is a result of the author's years spent studying documents from the Russian Federation's Central Archives of the Ministry of Defense and the Bulgarian State Military Historical Archives. Such a detailed study on this topic has not appeared before - and the author's work is unlikely to be superseded.
Memoir Of The Operation Of The Army Of The Danube Under The Command Of General Jourdan 1799 Taken From The Manuscripts Of That Officer Translated From The French By W Combe
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Author : Jean Baptiste JOURDAN (Count, Marshal of France.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1799
Memoir Of The Operation Of The Army Of The Danube Under The Command Of General Jourdan 1799 Taken From The Manuscripts Of That Officer Translated From The French By W Combe written by Jean Baptiste JOURDAN (Count, Marshal of France.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1799 with categories.
The Prague Spring And The Warsaw Pact Invasion Of Czechoslovakia In 1968
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Author : Günter Bischof
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
The Prague Spring And The Warsaw Pact Invasion Of Czechoslovakia In 1968 written by Günter Bischof and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with History categories.
On August 20, 1968, tens of thousands of Soviet and East European ground and air forces moved into Czechoslovakia and occupied the country in an attempt to end the 'Prague Spring' reforms and restore an orthodox Communist regime. The leader of the Soviet Communist Party, Leonid Brezhnev, was initially reluctant to use military force and tried to pressure his counterpart in Czechoslovakia, Alexander Dubcek, to crack down. But during the summer of 1968, after several months of careful deliberations, the Soviet Politburo finally decide that military force was the only option left. A large invading force of Soviet, Polish, Hungarian, and Bulgarian troops received final orders to move into Czechoslovakia; within 24 hours they had established complete military control of Czechoslovakia, bringing an end to hopes for 'socialism with a human face.' Dubcek and most of the other Czechoslovak reformers were temporarily restored to power, but their role from late August 1968 through April 1969 was to reverse many of the reforms that had been adopted. In April 1969, Dubchek was forced to step down for good, bringing a final end to the Prague Spring. Soviet leaders justified the invasion of Czechoslovakia by claiming that 'the fate of any socialist country is the common affair of all socialist countries' and that the Soviet Union had both a 'right' and a 'sacred duty' to 'defend socialism' in Czechoslovakia. The invasion caused some divisions within the Communist world, but overall the use of large-scale force proved remarkably successful in achieving Soviet goals. The United States and its NATO allies protested but refrained from direct military action and covert operations to counter the Soviet-led incursion into Czechoslovakia. The essays of a dozen leading European and American Cold War historians analyze this turning point in the Cold War in light of new documentary evidence from the archives of two dozen countries and explain what happened behind the scenes. They also reassess the weak response of the United States and consider whether Washington might have given a 'green light, ' if only inadvertently, to the Soviet Union prior to the invasion.
The Prague Spring And Its Aftermath
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Author : Kieran Williams
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1997-09-08
The Prague Spring And Its Aftermath written by Kieran Williams and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-08 with History categories.
The Prague Spring of 1968 was among the most important episodes in post-war European politics. In this book Kieran Williams analyses the attempt at reform socialism under Alexander Dubcek using materials and sources which have become available in the wake of the 1989 revolution. Drawing on declassified documents from party archives, the author readdresses important questions surrounding the Prague Spring: Why did liberalization occur? What was it intended to achieve? Why did the Soviet Union intervene with force? What was the political outcome of the invasion? What part did the reformers play in ending the experiment in reform socialism? What was the role of the security police under Dubcek? The book will provide new information for specialists as well as introductory analysis and narrative for students of East European politics and history and Soviet foreign policy.
Hydrological Processes Of The Danube River Basin
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Author : Mitja Brilly
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-08-24
Hydrological Processes Of The Danube River Basin written by Mitja Brilly and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-24 with Science categories.
The Danube River Basin is shared by 19 countries and there is no river basin in the world shared by so many nations. Europe’s second largest river basin with a total 2 area of about 800,000 km is also home to 83 million people of different cultures, languages and historical backgrounds. Management of common water sources and overcoming dif?culties caused by droughts and ?oods requires co-operation between the countries. In 1971 these c- mon interests stimulated the hydrologists of – at that time – eight Danube countries to begin regional co- operation in the framework of the International Hydrological Decade of UNESCO. The result of this research was The Hydrological Monograph of the Danube and its Catchment, which was published in 1986. Since 1975 this co-operation has continued under the umbrella of the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO. In the past 20 years political turbulence has caused an increase in the number of countries, making the co-operation dif?cult at times.