Optimal Path Planning And Trajectory Optimization For Multiple Aircraft Landing Using Rrt Algorithm And Pseudospectral Methods
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Optimal Path Planning And Trajectory Optimization For Multiple Aircraft Landing Using Rrt Algorithm And Pseudospectral Methods
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Author : Krithika Mohan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Optimal Path Planning And Trajectory Optimization For Multiple Aircraft Landing Using Rrt Algorithm And Pseudospectral Methods written by Krithika Mohan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
ABSTRACT: In this work, a method is presented for solving multiple aircraft landing problem using an RRT algorithm and pseudospectral method. The multiple aircraft landing problem involves generating a conflict-free trajectory for all the aircraft waiting to land on a single runway while avoiding obstacles. The trajectory generated for each aircraft should satisfy time-distance separation constraints between two successive aircraft landings and also the trajectories should not intersect. The multiple aircraft landing problem is solved as a multiple-phase optimal control problem using the open-source optimal control software GPOPS, and a nonlinear programming problem solver SNOPT. In order to improve computational efficiency, a rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm is used to generate initial guesses for the optimal control software. While the RRT algorithm determines the shortest path between the initial position and the target position, a novel algorithm has been presented which also combines other constraints like maintaining a minimum safe time-distance difference and avoiding intersecting flight paths; thus making it suitable for initializing the multiple aircraft landing problem.
Efficient And Robust Aircraft Landing Trajectory Optimization
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Author : Yiming Zhao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Efficient And Robust Aircraft Landing Trajectory Optimization written by Yiming Zhao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Airplanes categories.
This thesis addresses the challenges in the efficient and robust generation and optimization of three-dimensional landing trajectories for fixed-wing aircraft subject to prescribed boundary conditions and constraints on maneuverability and collision avoidance. In particular, this thesis focuses on the airliner emergency landing scenario and the minimization of landing time. The main contribution of the thesis is two-fold. First, it provides a hierarchical scheme for integrating the complementary strength of a variety of methods in path planning and trajectory optimization for the improvement in efficiency and robustness of the overall landing trajectory optimization algorithm. The second contribution is the development of new techniques and results in mesh refinement for numerical optimal control, optimal path tracking, and smooth path generation, which are all integrated in a hierarchical scheme and applied to the landing trajectory optimization problem. A density function based grid generation method is developed for the mesh refinement process during numerical optimal control. A numerical algorithm is developed based on this technique for solving general optimal control problems, and is used for optimizing aircraft landing trajectories. A path smoothing technique is proposed for recovering feasibility of the path and improving the tracking performance by modifying the path geometry. The optimal aircraft path tracking problem is studied and analytical results are presented for both the minimum-time, and minimum-energy tracking with fixed time of arrival. The path smoothing and optimal path tracking methods work together with the geometric path planner to provide a set of feasible initial guess to the numerical optimal control algorithm. The trajectory optimization algorithm in this thesis was tested by simulation experiments using flight data from two previous airliner accidents under emergency landing scenarios. The real-time application of the landing trajectory optimization algorithm as part of the aircraft on-board automation avionics system has the potential to provide effective guidelines to the pilots for improving the fuel consumption during normal landing process, and help enhancing flight safety under emergency landing scenarios. The proposed algorithms can also help design optimal take-off and landing trajectories and procedures for airports.
Advanced Trajectory Optimization Guidance And Control Strategies For Aerospace Vehicles
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Author : Runqi Chai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-10-29
Advanced Trajectory Optimization Guidance And Control Strategies For Aerospace Vehicles written by Runqi Chai and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book focuses on the design and application of advanced trajectory optimization and guidance and control (G&C) techniques for aerospace vehicles. Part I of the book focuses on the introduction of constrained aerospace vehicle trajectory optimization problems, with particular emphasis on the design of high-fidelity trajectory optimization methods, heuristic optimization-based strategies, and fast convexification-based algorithms. In Part II, various optimization theory/artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are constructed and presented, including dynamic programming-based methods, model predictive control-based methods, and deep neural network-based algorithms. Key aspects of the application of these approaches, such as their main advantages and inherent challenges, are detailed and discussed. Some practical implementation considerations are then summarized, together with a number of future research topics. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical issues in aerospace trajectory optimization and guidance and control problems is one of the main features of the book, which is particularly suitable for readers interested in learning practical solutions in aerospace trajectory optimization and guidance and control. The book is useful to researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of G&C systems, engineering optimization, applied optimal control theory, etc.
Design Of Trajectory Optimization Approach For Space Maneuver Vehicle Skip Entry Problems
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Author : Runqi Chai
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-30
Design Of Trajectory Optimization Approach For Space Maneuver Vehicle Skip Entry Problems written by Runqi Chai and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores the design of optimal trajectories for space maneuver vehicles (SMVs) using optimal control-based techniques. It begins with a comprehensive introduction to and overview of three main approaches to trajectory optimization, and subsequently focuses on the design of a novel hybrid optimization strategy that combines an initial guess generator with an improved gradient-based inner optimizer. Further, it highlights the development of multi-objective spacecraft trajectory optimization problems, with a particular focus on multi-objective transcription methods and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. In its final sections, the book studies spacecraft flight scenarios with noise-perturbed dynamics and probabilistic constraints, and designs and validates new chance-constrained optimal control frameworks. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical issues in spacecraft trajectory optimization is one of the book’s major features, making it particularly suited for readers who are seeking practical solutions in spacecraft trajectory optimization. It offers a valuable asset for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in GNC systems, engineering optimization, applied optimal control theory, etc.
Optimal Path Planning For Single And Multiple Aircraft Using A Reduced Order Formulation
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Author : Shannon S. Twigg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Optimal Path Planning For Single And Multiple Aircraft Using A Reduced Order Formulation written by Shannon S. Twigg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
This thesis examines using an analytical reduced order formulation for trajectory generation for minimum time and terrain masking cases. First, pseudo-3D constant velocity equations of motion are used for path planning for a single vehicle. In addition, the inclusion of winds, moving targets and moving threats is considered. Then, this formulation is increased to using 3D equations of motion, both with a constant velocity and with a simplified varying velocity model. Next, the constant velocity equations of motion are expanded to include the simultaneous path planning of an unspecified number of vehicles, for both aircraft avoidance situations and formation flight cases.
Trajectory Generation Using A Modified Simple Shooting Method
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Author : Ashley Trent
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Trajectory Generation Using A Modified Simple Shooting Method written by Ashley Trent and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Aerodynamics, Hypersonic categories.
Recently, several authors have studied the problem of trajectory redesign for hypersonic aircraft. The usual procedure for solving such problems is to set it up as a constrained optimal control problem. Lu and Schierman used direct methods to numerically solve the optimal control problems. Alternatively, one could use Pontryagin's Minimum Principle to obtain first-order necessary conditions for the optimal control problem and obtain a two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP). Originally created to solve two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs), the Modified Simple Shooting Method (MSSM) has been shown to be superior, both in speed and accuracy, to known methods for solving TPBVPs. Since optimal control problems can be formulated with differential equations and boundary conditions, it seems feasible to propose that the MSSM could be used to solve problems in optimal control. Here, the original MSSM algorithm was altered and used in conjunction with Pontryagin's Minimum Principle in an attempt to solve an optimal control problem in trajectory generation. In this paper, the authors consider the problem of trajectory redesign of the unpowered reentry phase for a hypersonic air vehicle. They consider outer loop equations governing the motion of the center of mass and consider the angle of attack to be the input variable. The lift and drag forces for the aircraft considered were obtained from a polynomial neural network approximation of experimental data. Effector deflections were chosen so that the aircraft Underwent trimmed flight. (6 figures, 7 refs.).
A Generalized Reusable Guidance Algorithm For Optimal Aerobraking
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Author : G. A. Dukeman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
A Generalized Reusable Guidance Algorithm For Optimal Aerobraking written by G. A. Dukeman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Orbital transfer (Space flight) categories.
An Engineering Optimization Method With Application To Stol Aircraft Approach And Landing Trajectories
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Author : Heinrich G. Jacob
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
An Engineering Optimization Method With Application To Stol Aircraft Approach And Landing Trajectories written by Heinrich G. Jacob and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Airplanes categories.
An optimization method has been developed that computes the optimal open loop inputs for a dynamical system by observing only its output. The method reduces to static optimization by expressing the inputs as series of functions with parameters to be optimized. Since the method is not concerned with the details of the dynamical system to be optimized, it works for both linear and nonlinear systems. The method and the application to optimizing longitudinal landing paths for a STOL aircraft with an augmented wing are discussed. Noise, fuel, time, and path deviation minimizations are considered with and without angle of attack, acceleration excursion, flight path, endpoint, and other constraints.
Optimal Flight Trajectory Generation Algorithms For Urban Air Mobility
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Author : Weihong Yuan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Optimal Flight Trajectory Generation Algorithms For Urban Air Mobility written by Weihong Yuan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The concept of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has gained significant attention recently. In this vibrant domain, the capability of generating an optimal flight trajectory is of essential importance. This study aims to provide analytical solutions to generate the optimal trajectory in the three most common UAM scenarios. The first case is the comfort-optimal trajectory for drone package delivery and air taxis carrying passengers. The cost is evaluated as a linear combination of acceleration (or specific support force) and flight time. The second case is the control-effort-optimal trajectory for hovering vehicles. Hovering vehicles are expected to be the dominant model of air taxi. The objective function is a linear combination of thrust and flight time. The third case is the Direct-Operating-Cost (DOC) optimal trajectory for electric fixed-wing aircraft, on which all major aerospace companies are working. DOC is a linear combination of energy consumption and flight time. The trajectory optimization problems are formulated as optimal control problems and the Pontryagen's Minimum Principle is applied to solve them. The solution is the reference position as a function of time, which is a guidance law and is fed to the downstream flight controller. The biggest advantage of an analytical solution is to reduce the computational time. It can also be integrated with other flight path planning methods. Several simulation examples will be presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Trajectory Optimization For The National Aerospace Plane
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-13
Trajectory Optimization For The National Aerospace Plane written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-13 with categories.
The objective of this second phase research is to investigate the optimal ascent trajectory for the National Aerospace Plane (NASP) from runway take-off to orbital insertion and address the unique problems associated with the hypersonic flight trajectory optimization. The trajectory optimization problem for an aerospace plane is a highly challenging problem because of the complexity involved. Previous work has been successful in obtaining sub-optimal trajectories by using energy-state approximation and time-scale decomposition techniques. But it is known that the energy-state approximation is not valid in certain portions of the trajectory. This research aims at employing full dynamics of the aerospace plane and emphasizing direct trajectory optimization methods. The major accomplishments of this research include the first-time development of an inverse dynamics approach in trajectory optimization which enables us to generate optimal trajectories for the aerospace plane efficiently and reliably, and general analytical solutions to constrained hypersonic trajectories that has wide application in trajectory optimization as well as in guidance and flight dynamics. Optimal trajectories in abort landing and ascent augmented with rocket propulsion and thrust vectoring control were also investigated. Motivated by this study, a new global trajectory optimization tool using continuous simulated annealing and a nonlinear predictive feedback guidance law have been under investigation and some promising results have been obtained, which may well lead to more significant development and application in the near future. Lu, Ping Unspecified Center NAG1-1255...
