Optimal Tariffs
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Optimal Tariffs
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Author : Mr.Arvind Subramanian
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1993-06
Optimal Tariffs written by Mr.Arvind Subramanian and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper examines the theory underpinning the design of optimal tariffs in a developing economy, and the experience of implementation of tariff reforms. A central issue is whether and when a case can be made for a uniform tariff structure. While theory advocates a differentiated tariff structure (except under a balance of payments objective), political economy considerations, inadequate information, and administrative convenience point to a minimally differentiated tariff structure. The experience of reform indicates that tariff structures are mainly influenced by income distribution and protection objectives. The ability to successfully reduce tariffs depends on measures taken to alleviate fiscal and balance of payments constraints.
Optimal Tariffs
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Author : Arvind Subramanian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Optimal Tariffs written by Arvind Subramanian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
This paper examines the theory underpinning the design of optimal tariffs in a developing economy, and the experience of implementation of tariff reforms. A central issue is whether and when a case can be made for a uniform tariff structure. While theory advocates a differentiated tariff structure (except under a balance of payments objective), political economy considerations, inadequate information, and administrative convenience point to a minimally differentiated tariff structure. The experience of reform indicates that tariff structures are mainly influenced by income distribution and protection objectives. The ability to successfully reduce tariffs depends on measures taken to alleviate fiscal and balance of payments constraints.
Optimal Tariffs
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Author : Christian Miguel Broda
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Optimal Tariffs written by Christian Miguel Broda and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Tariff categories.
The theoretical debate over whether countries can and should set tariffs in response to export elasticities goes back over a century to the writings of Edgeworth (1894) and Bickerdike (1907). Despite the optimal tariff argument's centrality in debates over trade policy, there exists no evidence about whether countries actually apply it when setting tariffs. We estimate disaggregate export elasticities and find evidence that countries that are not members of the World Trade Organization systematically set higher tariffs on goods that are supplied inelastically. The result is robust to the inclusion of political economy variables and a variety of model specifications. Moreover, we find that countries with higher aggregate market power have on average higher tariffs. In short, we find strong evidence in favor of the optimal tariff argument.
How Should Tariffs Be Structured
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Author : Arvind Panagariya
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1990
How Should Tariffs Be Structured written by Arvind Panagariya and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Developing countries categories.
Should all imports be taxed at uniform rates? Should intermediate inputs be subject to import duties? If so, should duty drawbacks play a role in exports?
Are Uniform Tariffs Optimal
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Author : Mary Amiti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Are Uniform Tariffs Optimal written by Mary Amiti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Foreign trade regulation categories.
Tariffs Optimal Taxes And Collection Costs
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Author : Dubravko Mihaljek
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1992-04
Tariffs Optimal Taxes And Collection Costs written by Dubravko Mihaljek and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies an optimal tax problem for a small open economy where collecting taxes is costly. It is shown that, in the presence of collection costs modeled as an increasing function of the tax rate: (a) the standard rules of optimal commodity taxation (the Ramsey, the inverse elasticity, the Corlett-Hague rules) may no longer be valid; (b) tariffs may replace domestic taxes as a second-best revenue-raising device; and (c) the optimal tariff/tax structure may be uniform rather than differentiated.
Optimal Tariffs And Firm Technological Choice An Environmental Approach
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Author : Nico Steffen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Optimal Tariffs And Firm Technological Choice An Environmental Approach written by Nico Steffen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Optimal Tariffs With Smuggling
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Author : Johnson, Michael E.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2015-12-25
Optimal Tariffs With Smuggling written by Johnson, Michael E. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-25 with Social Science categories.
Utilizing a spatial multi-market model for rice in Nigeria that explicitly takes into account the potential for smuggling, in this paper we analyze the welfare implications of alternative rice tariff rates given the government’s goals of spurring domestic production and reducing imports. Because smuggling occurs through the diversion of imports from Lagos, the official port of entry in the south, to the north, our modeling framework also captures the spatial effects of higher tariffs on changes in rural and urban prices, production and consumption, the flow of trade in rice, and welfare across different parts of the country. Results show that tariff rates that exceed about 40 percent introduce some smuggling of rice through the north when smuggling becomes more profitable than importing through official channels in the south. It is also at this tipping point that government tariff revenues are maximized. At higher tariff rates with smuggling, the south experiences greater welfare losses, especially in urban areas.
Import Tariffs As Environmental Policy Instruments
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Author : C. Kraus
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Import Tariffs As Environmental Policy Instruments written by C. Kraus and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Business & Economics categories.
The theoretical claims for eco-tariffs are rigorously analyzed within a unified framework formed of an international trade model enriched with both a domestic and a global externality. During the course of the analysis the model is modified to analyze an array of contexts for which eco-tariffs have been claimed to improve environmental quality or welfare. The circumstances and conditions are characterised under which such tariffs can be shown to improve environmental quality and social welfare, taking account of general equilibrium effects. The theoretical results are applied in a policy analysis of eco-tariffs and other trade instruments in the context of domestic and global environmental policy in order to assess the relevance of the eco-tariffs that have been subjected to the theoretical analysis. Finally, the GATT/WTO rules and regulations are presented, since to date these have banned the use of eco-tariffs. The rules and regulations are mapped against the theoretical results to show which rules ought to be changed.
Tariff Retaliation Versus Financial Compensation In The Enforcement Of International Trade Agreements
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Author : Nuno Limão
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Tariff Retaliation Versus Financial Compensation In The Enforcement Of International Trade Agreements written by Nuno Limão and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Barreras comerciales categories.
"The authors analyze whether financial compensation is preferable to the current system of dispute settlement in the World Trade Organization that permits member countries to impose retaliatory tariffs in response to trade violations committed by other members. They show that monetary fines are more efficient than tariffs in terms of granting compensation to injured parties when there are violations in equilibrium. However, fines suffer from an enforcement problem since they must be paid by the violating country. If fines must ultimately be supported by the threat of retaliatory tariffs, they fail to yield a more cooperative outcome than the current system. The authors also consider the use of bonds as a means of settling disputes. If bonds can be posted with a third party, they do not have to be supported by retaliatory tariffs and can improve the negotiating position of countries that are too small to threaten tariff retaliation. "--World Bank web site.