Optimal Thermionic Energy Conversion With Established Electrodes For High Temperature Topping And Process Heating
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Optimal Thermionic Energy Conversion With Established Electrodes For High Temperature Topping And Process Heating
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Optimal Thermionic Energy Conversion With Established Electrodes For High Temperature Topping And Process Heating written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Energy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Energy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Fuel categories.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Aeronautics categories.
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
High Temperature High Power Density Thermionic Energy Conversion For Space
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Author : James F. Morris
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
High Temperature High Power Density Thermionic Energy Conversion For Space written by James F. Morris and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Power resources categories.
Energy A Continuing Bibliography With Indexes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Energy A Continuing Bibliography With Indexes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Fuel categories.
Microfabricated Thermionic Energy Converters
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Author : Jae Hyung Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Microfabricated Thermionic Energy Converters written by Jae Hyung Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Thermionic energy converters (TECs) are heat engines that convert heat directly to electricity at very high temperatures. This energy conversion process is based on thermionic emission--the evaporation of electrons from conductors at high temperatures. In its simplest form, the converter consists of two electrodes in the parallel plate capacitor geometry, and it uses the thermionically emitted current to drive an electrical load. This dissertation presents research on five key areas of microfabricated thermionic energy converters ([mu]-TECs). First, the numerical calculation of the emitter-collector gap that maximizes the power conversion efficiency of thermionic energy converters (TECs) is discussed. Thermionic energy converters require emitter and collector work-functions that are relatively low, to reach useful efficiencies at typical operating temperatures of 1000 - 1500 oC. The optimum arises because efficiency drops both at very large gaps, due to space-charge limitations on the TEC current, and at very small gaps, due to the increased heat loss via near-field radiative heat transfer. The numerical calculation results show that, for typical TECs made with cesiated tungsten electrodes, the optimal gaps range from 900 nm to 3 [micrometers]. I then discuss several prototypes of mechanically and thermally robust [mu]-TECs, including the stress-relieved emitter design, emitter-collector structural design, as well as a recent approach for the stand-alone (encapsulated) [mu]-TECs. Thermionic emission from the SiC emitter was demonstrated for the first time. The stress-relieved design emitters were analyzed, and the work-function of the SiC emitter was estimated at temperatures of up to 2900K. Also described are both the planar and the U-shaped suspension for microfabricated TECs ([mu]-TECs). Our initial planar [mu]-TECs achieved emitter temperatures of over 2000 K with incident optical intensity of approximately 1 W/mm2 (equivalent to 1000 Suns), remained structurally stable under thermal cycling, and maintained a temperature difference between the emitter and the collector of over 1000 K. Conformal sidewall deposition of poly-SiC on a sacrificial mold is used to fabricate stiff suspension legs with U-shaped cross sections, which increases the out-of-plane rigidity and prevents contact with the substrate during the heating of the suspended emitter. By extending the conventional technique of cesium coatings to SiC, we reduce the work-function from 4 eV to 1.65 eV at room temperature. Subsequently, we tested [mu]-TECs with both barium and barium oxide coatings. The coatings reduced the work-function of the SiC emitter to as low as ~2.14 eV and increased the thermionic current by 5-6 orders of magnitude, which is a key step toward realizing a efficient thermionic energy converter. Encapsulation of [mu]-TEC was achieved by an anodic bond between pyrex and the silicon substrate with via feedthroughs. Last, I introduce the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) concept, and show why a single crystal photo-emitter is needed. I cover my recent fabrication development of smart-cut layer transfer using Spin-on-Glass (SoG). In addition, a novel layer transfer technology that can transfer any device materials onto the glass substrate, which I call "Anything on Glass, " is briefly described. I, then, describe how the first demonstration of the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) from the microfabricated emitter was achieved. The p-type SiC emitter was used to demonstrate PETE in an uncesiated and microfabricated sample, bringing this energy conversion approach closer to practical applications.
Proceedings Of The Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Proceedings Of The Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Direct energy conversion categories.
The Science And Technology Of Coal And Coal Utilization
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Author : Bernard Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
The Science And Technology Of Coal And Coal Utilization written by Bernard Cooper and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
Filling the need for new and improved energy sources is an area where societal effects of science and technology will surely increase. The editors and authors have attempted in this volume to present the most current work on the science and technology of coal and coal utilization. Serious disagreement exists on several key issues such as carbon dioxide release and acid rain. At the same time, however, coal is the world's most abundant fossil fuel and will have to be used to supply the world's energy needs for the next several decades. The 1979 National Research Council Report, "En ergy in Transition: 1985-2010," has estimated that the United States alone may go from a 1979 coal consumption of 14 QUADS per annum (approximately 750 million tons per year) to approximately 40-50 QUADS per annum (approximately 2 billion tons per year) by the year 2010. If this scale of coal utilization is to become a reality, a significant level of research and development will be necessary to establish advanced process technologies and to improve related areas such as materials and instrumentation. The editors hope that this volume will allow a technically educated person to become aware of the several aspects of coal utilization, from characterization of coal itself to the processes of coal utilization. B. R. Cooper and W. A. Ellingson March, 1983 vii Contents 1. THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF COAL AND COAL UTILIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bernard R. Cooper and William A. Ellingson 2. COAL CHARACTERIZATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Power resources categories.
Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.