Optimization Methods For Active And Passive Localization
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Optimization Methods For Active And Passive Localization
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Author : Nil Garcia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Optimization Methods For Active And Passive Localization written by Nil Garcia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Active and passive localization employing widely distributed sensors is a problem of interest in various fields. In active localization, such as in MIMO radar, transmitters emit signals that are reflected by the targets and collected by the receive sensors, whereas, in passive localization the sensors collect the signals emitted by the sources themselves. This dissertation studies optimization methods for high precision active and passive localization. In the case of active localization, multiple transmit elements illuminate the targets from different directions. The signals emitted by the transmitters may differ in power and bandwidth. Such resources are often limited and distributed uniformly among the transmitters. However, previous studies based on the well known Cramer-Rao lower bound have shown that the localization accuracy depends on the locations of the transmitters as well as the individual channel gains between different transmitters, targets and receivers. Thus, it is natural to ask whether localization accuracy may be improved by judiciously allocating such limited resources among the transmitters. Using the Cr ́amer-Rao lower bound for target localization of multiple targets as a figure of merit, approximate solutions are proposed to the problems of optimal power, optimal bandwidth and optimal joint power and bandwidth allocation. These solutions are computed by minimizing a sequence of convex problems. The quality of these solutions is assessed through extensive numerical simulations and with the help of a lower-bound that certifies their optimality. Simulation results reveal that bandwidth allocation policies have a stronger impact on performance than power. Passive localization of radio frequency sources over multipath channels is a difficult problem arising in applications such as outdoor or indoor geolocation. Common approaches that combine ad-hoc methods for multipath mitigation with indirect localization relying on intermediary parameters such as time-of-arrivals, time difference of arrivals or received signal strengths, are unsatisfactory. This dissertation models the localization of known waveforms over unknown multipath channels in a sparse framework, and develops a direct approach in which multiple sources are localized jointly, directly from observations obtained at distributed sources. The proposed approach exploits channel properties that enable to distinguish line-of-sight (LOS) from non-LOS signal paths. Theoretical guarantees are established for correct recovery of the sources’ locations by atomic norm minimization. A second-order-cone-based algorithm is developed to produce the optimal atomic decomposition, and it is shown to produce high accuracy location estimates over complex scenes, in which sources are subject to diverse multipath conditions, including lack of LOS.
Localization In Underwater Sensor Networks
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Author : Jing Yan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-27
Localization In Underwater Sensor Networks written by Jing Yan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-27 with Computers categories.
Ocean covers 70.8% of the Earth’s surface, and it plays an important role in supporting all life on Earth. Nonetheless, more than 80% of the ocean’s volume remains unmapped, unobserved and unexplored. In this regard, Underwater Sensor Networks (USNs), which offer ubiquitous computation, efficient communication and reliable control, are emerging as a promising solution to understand and explore the ocean. In order to support the application of USNs, accurate position information from sensor nodes is required to correctly analyze and interpret the data sampled. However, the openness and weak communication characteristics of USNs make underwater localization much more challenging in comparison to terrestrial sensor networks. In this book, we focus on the localization problem in USNs, taking into account the unique characteristics of the underwater environment. This problem is of considerable importance, since fundamental guidance on the design and analysis of USN localization is very limited at present. To this end, we first introduce the network architecture of USNs and briefly review previous approaches to the localization of USNs. Then, the asynchronous clock, node mobility, stratification effect, privacy preserving and attack detection are considered respectively and corresponding localization schemes are developed. Lastly, the book’s rich implications provide guidance on the design of future USN localization schemes. The results in this book reveal from a system perspective that underwater localization accuracy is closely related to the communication protocol and optimization estimator. Researchers, scientists and engineers in the field of USNs can benefit greatly from this book, which provides a wealth of information, useful methods and practical algorithms to help understand and explore the ocean.
Active And Passive Vibration Damping
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Author : Amr M. Baz
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2019-04-08
Active And Passive Vibration Damping written by Amr M. Baz and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A guide to the application of viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery, and vehicles Active and Passive Vibration Damping is a practical guide to the application of passive as well as actively treated viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery and vehicles. The author — a noted expert on the topic — presents the basic principles and reviews the potential applications of passive and active vibration damping technologies. The text presents a combination of the associated physical fundamentals, governing theories and the optimal design strategies of various configurations of vibration damping treatments. The text presents the basics of various damping effective treatments such as constrained layers, shunted piezoelectric treatments, electromagnetic and shape memory fibers. Classical and new models are included as well as aspects of viscoelastic materials models that are analyzed from the experimental characterization of the material coefficients as well as their modeling. The use of smart materials to augment the vibration damping of passive treatments is pursued in depth throughout the book. This vital guide: Contains numerical examples that reinforce the understanding of the theories presented Offers an authoritative text from an internationally recognized authority and pioneer on the subject Presents, in one volume, comprehensive coverage of the topic that is not available elsewhere Presents a mix of the associated physical fundamentals, governing theories and optimal design strategies of various configurations of vibration damping treatments Written for researchers in vibration damping and research, engineers in structural dynamics and practicing engineers, Active and Passive Vibration Damping offers a hands-on resource for applying passive as well as actively treated viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery and vehicles.
Target Localization In Passive And Active Systems
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Author : Vlad Mihai Chiriac
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Target Localization In Passive And Active Systems written by Vlad Mihai Chiriac and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The main goal of this dissertation is to improve the understanding and to develop ways to predict the performance of localization techniques as a function of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and of system parameters. To this end, lower bounds on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) performance are studied. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for coherent passive localization of a near-field source is derived. It is shown through the Cramer-Rao bound that, the coherent localization systems can provide high accuracies in localization, to the order of carrier frequency of the observed signal. High accuracies come to a price of having a highly multimodal estimation metric which can lead to sidelobes competing with the mainlobe and engendering ambiguity in the selection of the correct peak. The effect of the sidelobes over the estimator performance at different SNR levels is analyzed and predicted with the use of Ziv-Zakai lower bound (ZZB). Through simulations it is shown that ZZB is tight to the MLEs performance over the whole SNR range. Moreover, the ZZB is a convenient tool to assess the coherent localization performance as a function of various system parameters. The ZZB was also used to derive a lower bound on the MSE of estimating the range and the range rate of a target in active systems. From the expression of the derived lower bound it was noted that, the ZZB is determined by SNR and by the ambiguity function (AF). Thus, the ZZB can serve as an alternative to the ambiguity function (AF) as a tool for radar design. Furthermore, the derivation is extended to the problem of estimating target's location and velocity in a distributed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar system. The derived bound is determined by SNR, by the product between the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antennas from the radar system, and by all the ambiguity functions and the cross-ambiguity functions corresponding to all pairs transmitter-target-receiver. Similar to the coherent localization, the ZZB can be applied to study the performance of the estimator as a function of different system parameters. Comparison between the ZZB and the MSE of the MLE obtained through simulations demonstrate that the bound is tight in all SNR regions.
Positioning And Navigation In Complex Environments
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Author : Yu, Kegen
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2018-01-05
Positioning And Navigation In Complex Environments written by Yu, Kegen and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The limitations of satellites create a large gap in assistive directional technologies, especially indoors. The methods and advances in alternate directional technologies is allowing for new systems to fill the gaps caused by the limitations of GPS systems. Positioning and Navigation in Complex Environments is a critical scholarly resource that examines the methodologies and advances in technologies that allow for indoor navigation. Featuring insight on a broad scope of topics, such as multipath mitigation, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and multi-sensor integration, this book is directed toward data scientists, engineers, government agencies, researchers, and graduate-level students.
Localization Algorithms For Passive Sensor Networks
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Author : Darya Ismailova
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Localization Algorithms For Passive Sensor Networks written by Darya Ismailova and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Locating a radiating source based on range or range measurements obtained from a network of passive sensors has been a subject of research over the past two decades due to the problem's importance in applications in wireless communications, surveillance, navigation, geosciences, and several other fields. In this thesis, we develop new solution methods for the problem of localizing a single radiating source based on range and range-difference measurements. Iterative re-weighting algorithms are developed for both range-based and range-difference-based least squares localization. Then we propose a penalty convex-concave procedure for finding an approximate solution to nonlinear least squares problems that are related to the range measurements. Finally, the sequential convex relaxation procedures are proposed to obtain the nonlinear least squares estimate of source coordinates. Localization in wireless sensor network, where the RF signals are used to derive the ranging measurements, is the primary application area of this work. However, the solution methods proposed are general and could be applied to range and range-difference measurements derived from other types of signals.
Devita Hellman And Rosenberg S Cancer
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Author : Vincent T. DeVita
language : en
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Release Date : 2008
Devita Hellman And Rosenberg S Cancer written by Vincent T. DeVita and has been published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Medical categories.
Presenting comprehensive, cutting-edge information on the science of oncology and the multimodality treatment of every cancer type, this eighth edition--now in full color--contains more than 40 brand-new chapters, and more than 70 chapters have been rewritten by new contributing authors.
Deploying Rfid
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Author : Cristina Turcu
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-08-17
Deploying Rfid written by Cristina Turcu and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that is rapidly gaining popularity due to its several benefits in a wide area of applications like inventory tracking, supply chain management, automated manufacturing, healthcare, etc. The benefits of implementing RFID technologies can be seen in terms of efficiency (increased speed in production, reduced shrinkage, lower error rates, improved asset tracking etc.) or effectiveness (services that companies provide to the customers). Leading to considerable operational and strategic benefits, RFID technology continues to bring new levels of intelligence and information, strengthening the experience of all participants in this research domain, and serving as a valuable authentication technology. We hope this book will be useful for engineers, researchers and industry personnel, and provide them with some new ideas to address current and future issues they might be facing.
Technologies And Innovation
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Author : Rafael Valencia-García
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-12
Technologies And Innovation written by Rafael Valencia-García and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-12 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Technologies and Innovation, CITI 2017, held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, in October 2017. The 24 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: cloud and mobile computing; knowledge based and expert systems; applications in healthcare and wellness; e-learning; and ICT in agronomy.
Advances In Signal Processing And Intelligent Recognition Systems
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Author : Sabu M. Thampi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-12
Advances In Signal Processing And Intelligent Recognition Systems written by Sabu M. Thampi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This Edited Volume gathers a selection of refereed and revised papers originally presented at the Third International Symposium on Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems (SIRS’17), held on September 13–16, 2017 in Manipal, India. The papers offer stimulating insights into biometrics, digital watermarking, recognition systems, image and video processing, signal and speech processing, pattern recognition, machine learning and knowledge-based systems. Taken together, they offer a valuable resource for all researchers and scientists engaged in the various fields of signal processing and related areas.