Optimization Of Exercise Countermeasures For Human Space Flight Lessons From Terrestrial Physiology And Operational Implementation
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Optimization Of Exercise Countermeasures For Human Space Flight Lessons From Terrestrial Physiology And Operational Implementation
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Author : Tobias Weber
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-03-04
Optimization Of Exercise Countermeasures For Human Space Flight Lessons From Terrestrial Physiology And Operational Implementation written by Tobias Weber and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-04 with categories.
Human spaceflight has required space agencies to study and develop exercise countermeasure (CM) strategies to manage the profound, multi-system adaptation of the human body to prolonged microgravity (μG). Future space exploration will present new challenges in terms of adaptation management that will require the attention of both exercise physiologists and operational experts. In the short to medium-term, all exploration missions will be realised using relatively small vehicles/habitats, with some exploration scenarios including surface operations in low (<1G) gravity conditions. The evolution of CM hardware has allowed modern-day astronauts to return to Earth with, on average, relatively moderate levels μG-induced adaptation of the musculoskeletal (MS) and cardiovascular (CV) systems. However, although the intense use of CM has attenuated many aspects of MS and CV adaptation, on an individual level, there remains wide variation in the magnitude of these changes. Innovations in CM programs have been largely engineering-driven, with new hardware providing capability for new modes of exercise and a wider range of exercise protocols, which, in turn, has facilitated the transfer of traditional, but effective, terrestrial concepts based around high frequency resistance (multiple-set, multiple repetition) and mediumintensity continuous aerobic training. As a result, International Space Station (ISS) CM specialists have focused their efforts in these domains, taking advantage of hardware innovations as and when they became available. However, terrestrial knowledge in human and exercise physiology has expanded rapidly during the lifetime of the ISS and, consequently, there is potential to optimize current approaches by re-examining terrestrial knowledge and identifying opportunities to implement this knowledge into operational practices. Current terrestrial knowledge in exercise physiology is the product of a large number of intervention studies in which the variables that contribute to the effects of physical activity (mode, frequency, duration, intensity, recovery) have been controlled and systematically manipulated. However, due to limited opportunities to perform intervention studies in both spaceflight analogues – head-down bed rest (HDBR) being considered the ‘gold standard’ – and spaceflight itself, it will not be possible to systematically investigate the contribution of these factors to the efficacy of in-flight CM. As such, it will be necessary to draw on terrestrial evidence to identify solutions/strategies that may be best suited to the constraints of exploration and prioritise specific solutions/strategies for evaluation in HDBR and in flight.
Optimization Of Exercise Countermeasures For Human Space Flight Lessons From Terrestrial Physiology And Operational Implementation
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Author : Tobias Weber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Optimization Of Exercise Countermeasures For Human Space Flight Lessons From Terrestrial Physiology And Operational Implementation written by Tobias Weber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Space Countermeasures And Medicine Implementation Into Earth Medicine And Rehabilitation
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Author : Elena S. Tomilovskaya
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-09-08
Space Countermeasures And Medicine Implementation Into Earth Medicine And Rehabilitation written by Elena S. Tomilovskaya and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-08 with Science categories.
The effects of microgravity on the human organism have been studied for over 60 years. The experience of short- and long-term space flights revealed alterations in multiple physiological systems either in the course of the flight or afterward. Some of these changes represent serious risks for crew health and functional capacity. This fact served as the trigger for multiple countries with space program participants to develop spaceflight countermeasures and medical support systems. These activities are intended to counteract space flight effects such as axial and support unloading, muscle disuse, monotony, fluid redistribution, sensory deficit, etc. Some countermeasures have been adapted from Earth medicine and sports, while others have been created especially for space flights. Many of the observed space flight effects have similarities to conditions seen on Earth, such as: decrease of motor activity in aging people, immobilized patients, and professions associated with forced physical inactivity and isolation. Thus, many space countermeasures and medical support systems can be applied in Earth medicine and rehabilitation. For example, countermeasures like loading suits, lower body negative pressure suits, electromyostimulation of various regimens, water-salt supplements, vestibular training means, etc. have been used in Earth medicine and sports conditioning over the last 20 years.
Cardio Vascular Dysfunction And Physiological Manifestations Induced By Environmental Conditions
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Author : Marc-Antoine Custaud
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-02
Cardio Vascular Dysfunction And Physiological Manifestations Induced By Environmental Conditions written by Marc-Antoine Custaud and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-02 with Science categories.
The Human Body And Weightlessness
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Author : William Thornton
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-11
The Human Body And Weightlessness written by William Thornton and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-11 with Science categories.
This book focuses on all of the major problems associated with the absence of body weight in space, by analyzing effects, adaption, and re-adaptation upon returning to Earth, using sound scientific principles embedded in a historical context. Serious problems for space travelers range from Space Motion Sickness (SMS) to recently discovered ocular effects that may permanently impair vision. Fluid loss and shifts, spinal changes, and bone and muscle loss are also all results of weightlessness. Starting with a brief definition and history of weightlessness, the authors then address in detail each problem as well as the countermeasures aimed at alleviating them. In some cases, alternative hypotheses regarding what can and should be attempted are also presented. As plans for long-term missions to the Moon and Mars develop, it will be essential to find countermeasures to weightlessness that are effective for missions that could span years.
Recapturing A Future For Space Exploration
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-01-30
Recapturing A Future For Space Exploration written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-30 with Science categories.
More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.
Human Adaptation To Spaceflight
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Author : Government Publishing Office
language : en
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Release Date : 2014-12-15
Human Adaptation To Spaceflight written by Government Publishing Office and has been published by Government Printing Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-15 with categories.
Human Adaptation to Spaceflight: The Role of Nutrition reflects a (brief) review of the history of and current state of knowledge about the role of nutrition in human space flight. We have attempted to morganize this from a more physiological point of view, and to highlight systems, and the nutrients that support them, rather than the other way around. We hope we have captured in this book the state of the field of study of the role of human nutrition in space flight, along with the work leading up to this state, and some guideposts for work remaining to be done and gaps that need to be filled. NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNTS FOR ALREADY REDUCED SALE ITEMS.
Space Physiology
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Author : Jay C. Buckey
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2006
Space Physiology written by Jay C. Buckey and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Medical categories.
The success of any space flight mission depends not only on advanced technology but also on the health and well-being of crew members. This book, written by an astronaut physician, is the first practical guide to maintaining crew members health in space. It combines research results with practical advice on such problems as bone loss, kidney stones, muscle wasting, motion sickness, loss of balance, orthostatic intolerance, weight loss, and excessive radiation exposure. Additional topics include pre-flight preparation, relevant gender differences, long-duration medical planning, post-flight rehabilitation, and the physiology of extra-vehicular activity. Designed as a handbook for space crews, this text is also an invaluable tool for all the engineers, medical personnel, and scientists who plan and execute space missions.
Artificial Gravity
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Author : Gilles Clément
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-28
Artificial Gravity written by Gilles Clément and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book reviews the principle and rationale for using artificial gravity during space missions, and describes the current options proposed, including a short-radius centrifuge contained within a spacecraft. Experts provide recommendations on the research needed to assess whether or not short-radius centrifuge workouts can help limit deconditioning of physiological systems. Many detailed illustrations are included.
Principles Of Clinical Medicine For Space Flight
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Author : Michael R. Barratt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-03-20
Principles Of Clinical Medicine For Space Flight written by Michael R. Barratt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-20 with Medical categories.
Over the years, a large body of knowledge has developed regarding the ways in which space flight affects the health of the personnel involved. Now, for the first time, this clinical knowledge on how to diagnose and treat conditions that either develop during a mission or because of a mission has been compiled by Drs. Michael Barratt and Sam L. Pool of the NASA/Johnson Space Center. Complete with detailed information on the physiological and psychological affects of space flight as well as how to diagnose and treat everything from dental concerns to decompression to dermatological problems encountered, this text is a must have for all those associated with aerospace medicine.