Order And Fluctuations In Collective Dynamics Of Swimming Bacteria
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Order And Fluctuations In Collective Dynamics Of Swimming Bacteria
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Author : Daiki Nishiguchi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-31
Order And Fluctuations In Collective Dynamics Of Swimming Bacteria written by Daiki Nishiguchi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-31 with Science categories.
This thesis focuses on experimental studies on collective motion using swimming bacteria as model active-matter systems. It offers comprehensive reviews of state-of-the-art theories and experiments on collective motion from the viewpoint of nonequilibrium statistical physics. The author presents his experimental studies on two major classes of collective motion that had been well studied theoretically. Firstly, swimming filamentous bacteria in a thin fluid layer are shown to exhibit true, long-range orientational order and anomalously strong giant density fluctuations, which are considered universal and landmark signatures of collective motion by many numerical and theoretical works but have never been observed in real systems. Secondly, chaotic bacterial turbulence in a three-dimensional dense suspension without any long-range order as described in the first half is demonstrated to be capable of achieving antiferromagnetic vortex order by imposing a small number of constraints with appropriate periodicity. The experimental results presented significantly advance our fundamental understanding of order and fluctuations in collective motion of motile elements and their future applications.
Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals
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Author : Shuang Zhou
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-02-14
Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals written by Shuang Zhou and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-14 with Science categories.
This thesis describes lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) with exotic elastic and viscous properties. The first part of the thesis presents a thorough analysis of the elastic and viscous properties of LCLCs as functions of concentration, temperature and ionic contents, while the second part explores an active nematic system: living liquid crystals, which represent a combination of LCLC and living bacteria. LCLCs are an emerging class of liquid crystals that have shown profound connections to biological systems in two aspects. First, the assembly process of the chromonic aggregates is essentially the same as DNA oligomers and other super-molecular assemblies of biological origin. LCLCs thus provide an excellent model system for studying physical properties such as the elasticity and viscosity of these supramolecular assemblies. Second, LCLCs are biocompatible, thus serving as a unique anisotropic matrix to interface with living systems such as bacteria. This thesis deepens our understanding of both aspects. The noncovalent nature of chromonic aggregation produces the unique viscoelasticity to be found in LCLCs, which differs dramatically from that of traditional LCs. Anisotropic interactions between LCLCs and bacteria lead to fascinating phenomena such as the deformation of LCLCs with a characteristic wavelength determined by the elasticity of the LCLCs and the activity of the bacteria, orientationally controlled trajectories of bacteria and visualization of 24 nm flagella motion.
Lattice Models For Fluctuating Hydrodynamics In Granular And Active Matter
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Author : Alessandro Manacorda
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-28
Lattice Models For Fluctuating Hydrodynamics In Granular And Active Matter written by Alessandro Manacorda and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-28 with Science categories.
This book investigates the common nature of granular and active systems, which is rooted in their intrinsic out-of-equilibrium behavior, with the aim of finding minimal models able to reproduce and predict the complex collective behavior observed in experiments and simulations. Granular and active matter are among the most studied systems in out-of-equilibrium statistical physics. The book guides readers through the derivation of a fluctuating hydrodynamic description of granular and active matter by means of controlled and transparent mathematical assumptions made on a lattice model. It also shows how a macroscopic description can be provided from microscopic requirements, leading to the prediction of collective states such as cooling, swarming, clustering and the transitions among them. The analytical and numerical results shed new light on the physical connection between the local, microscopic properties of few particles and the macroscopic collective motion of the whole system.
Traffic And Granular Flow 07
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Author : Cécile Appert-Rolland
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-19
Traffic And Granular Flow 07 written by Cécile Appert-Rolland and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-19 with Mathematics categories.
Covers several research fields dealing with transport. This work covers three main topics including road traffic, granular matter, and biological transport. It considers different points of views including modelling, simulations, experiments, and phenomenological observations.
Animal Locomotion
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Author : Graham Taylor
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-20
Animal Locomotion written by Graham Taylor and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-20 with Science categories.
The physical principles of swimming and flying in animals are intriguingly different from those of ships and airplanes. The study of animal locomotion therefore holds a special place not only at the frontiers of pure fluid dynamics research, but also in the applied field of biomimetics, which aims to emulate salient aspects of the performance and function of living organisms. For example, fluid dynamic loads are so significant for swimming fish that they are expected to have developed efficient flow control procedures through the evolutionary process of adaptation by natural selection, which might in turn be applied to the design of robotic swimmers. And yet, sharply contrasting views as to the energetic efficiency of oscillatory propulsion – especially for marine animals – demand a careful assessment of the forces and energy expended at realistic Reynolds numbers. For this and many other research questions, an experimental approach is often the most appropriate methodology. This holds as much for flying animals as it does for swimming ones, and similar experimental challenges apply – studying tethered as opposed to free locomotion, or studying the flow around robotic models as opposed to real animals. This book provides a wide-ranging snapshot of the state-of-the-art in experimental research on the physics of swimming and flying animals. The resulting picture reflects not only upon the questions that are of interest in current pure and applied research, but also upon the experimental techniques that are available to answer them.
Natural Locomotion In Fluids And On Surfaces
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Author : Stephen Childress
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-14
Natural Locomotion In Fluids And On Surfaces written by Stephen Childress and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-14 with Mathematics categories.
This volume developed from a Workshop on Natural Locomotion in Fluids and on Surfaces: Swimming, Flying, and Sliding which was held at the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) at the University of Minnesota, from June 1-5, 2010. The subject matter ranged widely from observational data to theoretical mechanics, and reflected the broad scope of the workshop. In both the prepared presentations and in the informal discussions, the workshop engaged exchanges across disciplines and invited a lively interaction between modelers and observers. The articles in this volume were invited and fully refereed. They provide a representative if necessarily incomplete account of the field of natural locomotion during a period of rapid growth and expansion. The papers presented at the workshop, and the contributions to the present volume, can be roughly divided into those pertaining to swimming on the scale of marine organisms, swimming of microorganisms at low Reynolds numbers, animal flight, and sliding and other related examples of locomotion.
The Fluid Dynamics Of Cell Motility
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Author : Eric Lauga
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-11-05
The Fluid Dynamics Of Cell Motility written by Eric Lauga and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-05 with Science categories.
A pedagogical review of the mathematical modelling in fluid dynamics necessary to understand the motility of most microorganisms on Earth.
Active Motion And Swarming
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Author : Pawel Romanczuk
language : en
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Release Date : 2011
Active Motion And Swarming written by Pawel Romanczuk and has been published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
Recently, there has been an increasing focus on various biological and physical systems known as "active matter". Examples of such systems range from individual units, such as motile cells or artificial self-propelled particles, to large systems of interacting active particles or individuals. The emergence of large-scale collective motion, as exhibited by flocks of birds or bacterial colonies, is just one prominent and fascinating example of self-organization in active matter systems. In this work, we discuss different individual-based models of active matter using the concept of active Brownian motion. The first part of this work explores the dynamical behavior of single active particles with a particular emphasis on the impact of so-called active fluctuations. The second part extends the scope of this study to interacting active Brownian particles and their collective behavior. First, a systematic derivation of kinetic equations for active Brownian particles with velocity alignment is presented. Further on, motivated by recent biological observations, a new type of "escape-pursuit" model of collective motion is introduced and successfully employed in modeling collective locust behavior.
Soft Interfaces
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Author : Lydéric Bocquet
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Soft Interfaces written by Lydéric Bocquet and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Science categories.
Many of the distinctive and useful phenomena of soft matter come from its interaction with interfaces. Examples are the peeling of a strip of adhesive tape, the coating of a surface, the curling of a fiber via capillary forces, or the collapse of a porous sponge. These interfacial phenomena are distinct from the intrinsic behavior of a soft material like a gel or a microemulsion. Yet many forms of interfacial phenomena can be understood via common principles valid for many forms of soft matter. Our goal in organizing this school was to give students a grasp of these common principles and their many ramifications and possibilities. The Les Houches Summer School comprised over fifty 90-minute lectures over four weeks. Four four-lecture courses by Howard Stone, Michael Cates, David Nelson and L. Mahadevan served as an anchor for the program. A number of shorter courses and seminars rounded out the school. This volume collects the lecture notes of the school.
Granular Patterns
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Author : Igor Aranson
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2009-03-12
Granular Patterns written by Igor Aranson and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-12 with Science categories.
This book is a systematic introduction to a new and exciting field of patterns in granular matter. Granular materials are collections of discrete macroscopic solid grains with a typical size large enough that thermal fluctuations are negligible. Despite this seeming simplicity, properties of granular materials are different from conventional solids, liquids and gases due to the dissipative and highly nonlinear nature of forces among grains. The last decade has seen an explosion of interest to nonequilibrium phenomena in granular matter among physicists, both on the experimental and theoretical side. Among these phenomena, one of the most interesting is the ability of granular matter upon mechanical excitation to form highly ordered patterns such as ripples, avalanches, or bands of segregated materials. This book presents a comprehensive review of experiments and novel theoretical concepts needed to understand the mechanisms of pattern formation in granular materials. This book is written for experienced physicists interested in this new rapidly developing field, as well as young researchers and graduate students entering this field. We hope that both experimentalists and theorists already working in the field will find it useful.