Ordinal Measurement In The Behavioral Sciences

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Ordinal Measurement In The Behavioral Sciences

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Author : Norman Cliff
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2003-01-30

Ordinal Measurement In The Behavioral Sciences written by Norman Cliff and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-30 with Psychology categories.

This book provides an alternative method for measuring individual differences in psychological, educational, and other behavioral sciences studies. It is based on the assumptions of ordinal statistics as explained in Norman Cliff's 1996 Ordinal Methods for Behavioral Data Analysis. It provides the necessary background on ordinal measurement to permit its use to assess psychological and psychophysical tests and scales and interpret the data obtained. The authors believe that some of the behavioral measurement models used today do not fit the data or are inherently self-contradictory. Applications of these models can therefore lead to unwarranted inferences regarding the status of the derived variables. These methods can also be difficult to apply, particularly in small-sample contexts without making additional, unrealistic assumptions. Ordinal methods more closely reflect the original data, are simple to apply, and can be used in samples of any size. The book's approach is in essence a return to simple empiricism in psychological measurement. Ordinal Measurement in the Behavioral Sciences provides: *methods for analyzing test responses; *extensive discussions of ordinal approaches to analyzing data that are judgments of stimuli; *methods for treating psychological data in ways consistent with its ordinal nature so as to stimulate new developments in this area; and *ordinal test theory and the unfolding methods that are applicable to cross-cultural studies. Advanced students, researchers, and practitioners concerned with psychological measurement should find this book relevant. Measurement professionals will find it provides useful and simple methods that stimulate thought about measurement's real issues.

Ordinal Methods For Behavioral Data Analysis

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Author : Norman Cliff
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-03-05

Ordinal Methods For Behavioral Data Analysis written by Norman Cliff and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-05 with Psychology categories.

This book was written with the belief that ordinal statistical methods--sometimes discussed under the title of "nonparametric statistics"--deserve much more serious attention as research tools than they have traditionally had. There are three classes of reasons for this: *Many behavioral variables constitute only ordinal scales, not interval measurements that are required for traditional statistics. *Various research issues that are of primary interest in behavioral research are themselves questions about order: Which group scores higher? Is the order on this variable similar to the order on that? *Inferences from ordinal statistics are less subject to distributional peculiarities of the data than are those from traditional statistics. Taking an innovative approach, this book treats ordinal methods in an integrated way rather than as a compendium of unrelated methods, and emphasizes that the ordinal quantities are highly meaningful in their own right, not just as stand-ins for more traditional correlations or analyses of variance. In fact, since the ordinal statistics have desirable descriptive properties of their own, the book treats them parametrically, rather then nonparametrically. The author discusses how ordinal statistics can be applied in a much wider set of research situations than has usually been thought, and that they can often come closer to answering the researcher's primary questions than traditional ones can. And he includes some extensions of ordinal methods in order to accomplish that end.

Scaling

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Author : Gary Maranell
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-05

Scaling written by Gary Maranell and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-05 with Mathematics categories.

Despite the obvious importance of measurement in any scientific endeavor, few students of the social sciences receive adequate training in the principles and problems of assigning numerical values to the subjects, objects, events, groups and operations they study, and still less in the process of translating theoretical ideas and concepts into variables. This kind of casualness with respect to measurement is often in marked contrast to their methodically designed research, which has grown out of subtle and sophisticated theoretical consideration.Scaling is intended to remedy this deficiency by providing a broad and detailed description of the major processes for developing measurement scales. The chapters, which include both classics in the field and the best of modern work, require no great mathematical sophistication, and go well beyond the conventional study of attitudes to the more general uses of scaling. They enable the student and researcher to examine the development of measures of scalability and the problems and weaknesses they present, to become familiar with the development of tests of significance for reproducibility and scalability and the need for them, and to examine the lively history of the subject and experience the excitement that can be secured from sharing with a creative author the first report of his insight.Part One presents a series of general articles that deal in philosophic terms with the problem of measurement, with what is meant by measurement and scaling as well as the notions underlying the process of measuring. Part Two deals with the scaling methods developed by L. L. Thurstone, including paired comparison scaling, equal-appearing interval scaling, and successive interval scaling. The third part focuses upon scalogram analysis, presenting the background, rationale and procedures for Guttman scaling. The fourth part is concerned with summated rating, or Likert scaling. Part Five is a consideration of unfold

Research Methods In The Behavioral Sciences

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Author : Leon Festinger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966

Research Methods In The Behavioral Sciences written by Leon Festinger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Psychology categories.

Handbook Of Measurement And Assessment In Behavioral Sciences

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Author : Dean K. Whitla
language : en
Publisher: Reading, Mass : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
Release Date : 1968

Handbook Of Measurement And Assessment In Behavioral Sciences written by Dean K. Whitla and has been published by Reading, Mass : Addison-Wesley Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Human behavior categories.

Introduction To Test Construction In The Social And Behavioral Sciences

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Author : Joshua A. Fishman
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2003

Introduction To Test Construction In The Social And Behavioral Sciences written by Joshua A. Fishman and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Education categories.

With the explicit goal of making the text accessible to readers with only a beginning level of statistical expertise, the authors include numerous examples and figures to illustrate necessary concepts and procedures, while minimizing jargon.

Research Design For The Behavioral Sciences

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Author : Stephen V. Flynn, PhD, LPC, LMFT-S, NCC, ACS
language : en
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
Release Date : 2021-02-17

Research Design For The Behavioral Sciences written by Stephen V. Flynn, PhD, LPC, LMFT-S, NCC, ACS and has been published by Springer Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-17 with Psychology categories.

"I wholeheartedly invite counselor trainees and counselors into this journey of growing the research component of their professional identity... Flynn and his colleagues prepare counselor trainees and counselors for this journey well and guide them carefully toward researcher competency. In an approachable and developmentally appropriate manner, they highlight for the profession the value of research and how it can be conducted." - Danica G. Hays, PhD American Counseling Fellow Professor and Executive Associate Dean University of Nevada, Las Vegas Research Design for the Behavioral Sciences fills an important gap for the helping professions by offering a blueprint for advanced concepts and an applied approach to understanding quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research design. This graduate-level text seamlessly weaves together the philosophy, science, and practical application of the most common methodological frameworks in practice. Advanced research design concepts are presented through clear and in-depth blueprints, applied case studies, myriad examples, and helpful learning activities. Written in detailed yet accessible language, this text describes the foundations of behavioral science research. The authors explore research-based philosophical integration, along with the technical application of every tradition. Through this philosophical and pragmatic approach, students will be able to attain a well-rounded and comprehensive understanding of behavioral science research. This text provides students with the opportunity to reach a greater level of research efficacy though the inclusion of methodological procedures, data analysis methods, reliability/validity standards, ethics, and directions on how to increase the rigor of each approach to research. Instructor resources include an instructor's manual, learning activities, test bank, and PowerPoints. Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices and computers. Key Features: Provides clear, detailed, and contextually accurate examples of writing, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods procedures Reviews the paradigmatic hierarchy of each research tradition along with key analytic features in detail Delivers instructions for enhancing the methodological rigor of each approach Analyzes methodology-specific multicultural issues Demonstrates the application of a wide range of research methodologies with case studies Reviews the trends and history in research for counseling, psychology, social work, and marriage and family therapy Offers comprehensive instructor resources including manual, learning activities, test bank, and PowerPoint slides

Introduction To Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences

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Author : Ralph H. Kolstoe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Introduction To Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences written by Ralph H. Kolstoe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Factor analysis categories.

Measurement In The Social Sciences

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Author : Hubert M. Blalock
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-08

Measurement In The Social Sciences written by Hubert M. Blalock and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-08 with Social Science categories.

Among the frustrations constantly confronting the social scientist are those associated with the general process of measurement. The importance of good measurement has long been recognized in principle, but it has often been neglected in practice in many of the social sciences. Now that the methodological tools of multivariate analysis, simultaneous-equation estimation, and causal modeling are diffused more widely into the social sciences, and now that the very serious implications of random and non-random measurement errors are being systematically investigated, it is all the more important that social scientists give top priority to the quality of their data and the clarity of their theoretical conceptualizations. The book is organized so that, one proceeds from problems of data collection to those of data analysis. It is not intended to be a complete work covering all types of measurement problems that have arisen in the social sciences. Instead, it represents a series of studies that are deemed to be crucial for the advancement of social science research but which have not received sufficient attention in most of the social sciences. The basic purpose is to stimulate further methodological research on measurement and to study the ways in which knowledge that has been accumulated in some fields may be generalized. Part I is concerned with applying scaling approaches developed in psychometrics to problems that arise in other social sciences. The focus is on finding better ways to ask questions of respondents so as to raise the level of measurement above that of simple ordinal scales. Part II focuses on multiple-indicator theory and strategies as applied to relatively complex models and to change data. In this section the emphasis shifts to how one analyzes fallible data through the construction of explicit measurement-error models. Part III deals with the statistical analysis of ordinal data, including the interpretation and empirical behaviors of various ordinal measures of association.

Multivariate Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences Second Edition

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Author : Kimmo Vehkalahti
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-12-19

Multivariate Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences Second Edition written by Kimmo Vehkalahti and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-19 with Mathematics categories.

Multivariate Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition is designed to show how a variety of statistical methods can be used to analyse data collected by psychologists and other behavioral scientists. Assuming some familiarity with introductory statistics, the book begins by briefly describing a variety of study designs used in the behavioral sciences, and the concept of models for data analysis. The contentious issues of p-values and confidence intervals are also discussed in the introductory chapter. After describing graphical methods, the book covers regression methods, including simple linear regression, multiple regression, locally weighted regression, generalized linear models, logistic regression, and survival analysis. There are further chapters covering longitudinal data and missing values, before the last seven chapters deal with multivariate analysis, including principal components analysis, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, correspondence analysis, and cluster analysis. Features: Presents an accessible introduction to multivariate analysis for behavioral scientists Contains a large number of real data sets, including cognitive behavioral therapy, crime rates, and drug usage Includes nearly 100 exercises for course use or self-study Supplemented by a GitHub repository with all datasets and R code for the examples and exercises Theoretical details are separated from the main body of the text Suitable for anyone working in the behavioral sciences with a basic grasp of statistics