Organic Soil Fertility And Weed Management
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Organic Soil Fertility And Weed Management
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Author : Steve Gilman
language : en
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Release Date : 2011-04-28
Organic Soil Fertility And Weed Management written by Steve Gilman and has been published by Chelsea Green Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Soil is a living organism that loves to cooperate with farmers and gardeners. A green thumb will appear on those who align themselves with its health and requirements. This book discusses: Soil habitat Sustaining soil fertility The soil food-web Nutrient availability and deficiency After reading this book, readers will not only have a different view on soil, but on weeds as well. Knowing and utilizing the energies and characteristics of weeds, as Gilman teaches, will make for a more productive garden, and less stressful gardening.
Extension Of Saskatchewan Organic On Farm Research
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Author : Steven James Shirtliffe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Extension Of Saskatchewan Organic On Farm Research written by Steven James Shirtliffe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Organic farming categories.
Organic Farming
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Author : Munish Kumar Verma
language : en
Publisher: Sankalp Publication
Release Date : 2019-08-20
Organic Farming written by Munish Kumar Verma and has been published by Sankalp Publication this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-20 with Art categories.
Organic farming system in India is not new; it has been practiced for thousands of years. In the traditional organic-based food production system, the entire agriculture was practiced using organic techniques, where the pesticides, fertilizers, etc., were obtained from plant and animal products. In this book provides information on different aspects of organic production. This book focuses on modern methods of organic production, Principles, Importance, Soil fertility management, Nutrient management in, Weed management, Plant protection, Quality Control, Standards, Certification and SWOT Analysis f Organic Farming. We hope this information will be helpful to growers, whether beginners or more experienced farmers, extension workers and agricultural teachers.
Organic Farming
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Author : C. Sarath Chandran
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-05-14
Organic Farming written by C. Sarath Chandran and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and recent advancements in organic farming, a form of agriculture that is increasing rapidly in popularity. Readers will discover information on the history of organic farming, environmental friendly practices and challenges, and innovations in the field. The chapter authors analyze pertinent aspects of this integrated farming system including strategies to improve seed quality, methods to improve soil fertility, and the advantages of using organic fertilizers. Particular attention is also given to weed management practices, bioenergy production and insights into the ways organic farming can adapt to global climate change and build sustainable food systems for future generations. Scientists, decision-makers, professors, and farmers who wish to work towards making agricultural systems more sustainable will find this book appealing.
Management Strategies For Weed Suppression During Transition To Organic Agriculture
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Author : Stephanie Wedryk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Management Strategies For Weed Suppression During Transition To Organic Agriculture written by Stephanie Wedryk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Abstract: Concerns about public health and environmental quality due to the use of pesticides in conventional agriculture have driven increased demand for organic products. Although growers have obtained higher prices and demand with organic products, many farmers are reluctant to transition to organic agriculture. Farmers view the challenge of weed management and risk of lower output as barriers to converting to organic production. The mandated three years before organic certification can be used to suppress weeds and improve soil fertility for enhanced yields in the first year of organic production. Smother cropping is an alternative strategy of weed management that uses living plants in monoculture or mixture to control weeds with the potential to improve soil fertility. Potential smother crops and smother crop mixtures, their effectiveness without chemical or mechanical management, mechanisms of suppression, and impacts on productivity under organic management are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the use of smother cropping and associated transition strategies for weed suppression and productivity through 1) evaluation of smother crop species and mechanisms of weed suppression through a literature review; 2) determining the potential of using tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] and warm-season annual crop mixtures; 4) assessing smother crop planting dates; and 5) comparing mechanical and cropping-based organic transition strategies. The results of this research indicate that crop growth and ancillary management practices are most important in determining the effectiveness of smother crops. Exploitation of ecological niches in designing smother crop systems and targeting specific weeds can improve weed suppression. Tef can be used to suppress annual weeds under organic management, but is a weak competitor against Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop]. In designing smother crop mixtures, the choice of grass species in mixture can affect biomass production. The effect of grass species in crop mixture dynamics may be related to height, morphology, spread, and aggressivity. Multi-species mixtures can increase ground cover by smother crops and reduce the cover of weeds, but are not more effective than monocultures in suppressing weed biomass. Canada thistle is a particularly problematic weed for organic growers and planting smother crop mixtures when root carbohydrate reserves are at a seasonal nadir can improve suppression. Crop mixtures of warm-season, highly competitive crops were most effective at suppressing Canada thistle while a mixture of cool-temperature adapted species suppressed annual weed biomass. Smother cropping and the use of high-diversity prairie species as organic transition strategies were most suppressive of weed density and biomass after three years of transition. Compost application improved vegetable yields in the first organic year, while plant available nutrients had the greatest influence on potato yield and organic matter strongly affected tomato yields in comparison to other soil variables. Transition strategies before conversion to organic agriculture can influence productivity and weed populations. Smother cropping is a viable strategy for organic transition, but the choice of crops and management must be carefully considered in order to realize optimal benefits.
Organic Weed Management
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Author : Steve Gilman
language : en
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing Company
Release Date : 2002
Organic Weed Management written by Steve Gilman and has been published by Chelsea Green Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Gardening categories.
Weeds can be the organic farmer's and gardener's most daunting adversary. Lush, fertile soil brimming with organic matter is just as appealing to weeds as to your crops. In conventional gardening, weeds are the enemy, to be obliterated by whatever weapon is most effective, chemical or otherwise. After reading this book, however, you are likely to view weeds as important and informative neighbors. Author Steve Gilman knows and utilizes the energies and characteristics of weeds to teach you to garden more efficiently, productively, and with less stress. He even does it with a great "sense of humus!" Book jacket.
Non Chemical Weed Control
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Author : Khawar Jabran
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-01-03
Non Chemical Weed Control written by Khawar Jabran and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-03 with Science categories.
Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts
Managing Energy Nutrients And Pests In Organic Field Crops
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Author : Ralph C. Martin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2014-02-07
Managing Energy Nutrients And Pests In Organic Field Crops written by Ralph C. Martin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-07 with Nature categories.
The use of organic management practices in field cropping continues to rise globally, and these methods have proven to be a viable way to produce food with reduced resource use and environmental damage. Managing Energy, Nutrients, and Pests in Organic Field Crops challenges the popular misconception that organic systems are weak at managing energy, nutrients, and pests and shows how innovative farm designs can enhance organic performance. It provides information for assessing the current state of knowledge on organic field cropping and for making the systems more viable. Each chapter summarizes the latest data from a wide range of sources, creating a comprehensive and coherent picture of the issues and integrating agronomic, economic, and policy aspects. Many chapters also include recent research from the authors. Section I, Soil Health, examines the importance of phosphorus balance, soil fertility, and tillage reduction. Section II, Pest Management, focuses on integrated weed management and long-term approaches to insect management. Section III, Integrating Approaches, addresses multiple field cropping challenges. Chapters cover the oldest organic rotational trials in Canada, the issue of using cereals bred for conventional systems and more targeted organic cereal breeding strategies, and case studies of a broad spectrum of farming experiences that explore the broader social and ecological landscape. The final section, Economics, Energy, and Policy, examines environmental issues not previously addressed in the text as well as consumer, economic, and rural community matters. It also presents a reprint of an article that describes policies and programs (and their costs) needed to advance adoption of organic farming in Ontario. The text wraps up with key conclusions and a discussion of overarching themes for the book, summarizing the strengths of the available tool box for organic producers and the challenges that remain.
Harnessing The Beneficial Attributes Of Soil Microorganisms For Sustainable Weed Management And Soil Fertility
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Author : Anne Terese Pollard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Harnessing The Beneficial Attributes Of Soil Microorganisms For Sustainable Weed Management And Soil Fertility written by Anne Terese Pollard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Soil fertility categories.
Weed management and soil fertility are of paramount importance in agricultural systems. In conventional agroecosystems, they are managed almost exclusively using synthetic chemical applications, but continued reliance on these methods is neither economically nor environmentally sustainable. Utilization of soil microorganisms to promote weed control and enhance soil fertility is a promising alternative strategy. Depleting the weed seedbank in soil via microbial seed decay is an ecological approach to long-term weed management. However, prolonged dormancy and defense mechanisms enable seeds to resist pathogen attack. A soil microcosm method was developed to assess the potential of soil fungi to decay dormant weed seeds. Whole seeds and caryopses of the globally prevalent weed wild oat (Avena fatua L.) were challenged with the pathogenic fungal isolate Fusarium avenaceum F.a.1 in soil. Caryopsis decay and viability were assessed at regular intervals for up to 9 weeks. Activities of chitinase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase defense enzymes were assayed in caryopses and hulls (lemma and palea). Real-time PCR primers highly specific for F. avenaceum were designed and applied to quantify F.a.1 in soil, caryopsis, and hulls. Decay was significantly greater in + F.a.1 than - F.a.1 soil and it increased over time. Caryopsis viability in + F.a.1 soil was greater than in - F.a.1 soil and it decreased over time. Defense enzymes were induced in hulls and caryopses with F.a.1 challenge, and the response varied by enzyme. These results indicate that dormant wild oat seeds are capable of mounting a complex biochemical defense response to pathogen attack and that F.a.1 is a potential organism for depleting the weed seedbank. Over 50% of 'Concord' grape vineyards in Washington suffer from iron (Fe) chlorosis, threatening the state's $60 million industry. Long-term chlorosis affects vine size, uniformity, productivity, and ultimately causes vine death. Application of synthetic Fe fertilizers is not environmentally sustainable or cost-effective. Alternatively, soil microbial communities that produce Fe-solubilizing compounds may naturally increase plant-available Fe. Rooting zone soil microbial communities associated with chlorotic and healthy 'Concord' vines were "fingerprinted" using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. Bacterial and fungal isolates capable of organic acid and siderophore production were identified.
Rotational Cropping Systems For Nitrogen Management And Weed Control In Dryland Organic Wheat Production
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Author : Kristy A. Ott-Borrelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Rotational Cropping Systems For Nitrogen Management And Weed Control In Dryland Organic Wheat Production written by Kristy A. Ott-Borrelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Diversification of cropping systems with legumes is a common practice used to overcome soil fertility and weed control challenges in organic farming systems. The current study assessed different legume-intensive cropping systems with the potential to minimize management risks for dryland, organic wheat growers in the Inland Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Several cropping systems ranged from cereal-intensive cash crops to legume-intensive green manure and forage, and were grown for the three-year transition period prior to organic certification. The goal was to identify systems that would produce high quality, certified organic wheat. All cropping systems that included a legume for at least one year during the transition phase improved soil inorganic nitrogen (N) levels, but systems that included legumes for the duration of the transition also reduced weeds as a result of repeated mowing. Weed control is as great of a concern as soil N for producing organic wheat and in this study, reduced weed pressure improved wheat yield and protein levels throughout the transition and into organic production. Intercropping a legume cover crop with wheat was used as an additional method to improve soil inorganic N. Competition for soil moisture stress was not a concern, and although N from the legumes was not immediately available to the growing wheat crop, intercropped legume and wheat systems could be grown in rotation with other crops for soil management and weed control. Mechanical removal of the intercrop with a precision inter-row cultivator was a useful crop control method and offered opportunities for further research on cover crop and weed management. Using competitive cultivars and crop-types was also necessary. Intensive management of legumes as intercrops, cover crops, and forage demonstrated the potential to greatly improve organic winter wheat production. However, supplemental soil nutrient sources would need to be added in addition to legumes in order to sustain organic wheat production over time. Organic production of dryland wheat is possible but complex management strategies must be consistent and focus on weed control as much as soil fertility.