Origin Of Natural Order The An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology
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Origin Of Natural Order The An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology
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Author : Qinyi Zhao
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2017-09-22
Origin Of Natural Order The An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology written by Qinyi Zhao and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Science categories.
All sorts of biological activities are processed thermodynamically, and at the utmost fundamental level, the laws of biology must be thermodynamics. However, the current laws of thermodynamics are unable to give reasonable explanation of biological processes. In order to do so, irreversible thermodynamics has been theorized to describe the basic mechanism for the origin of natural order or the development of things (related to developmental biology). The scientific definition of the system theory concept has been obtained and the properties of a biological system can be analyzed by applying principles of it. Irreversible thermodynamics and system theory act as the theoretical foundation for theoretical biology. By applying principles of irreversible thermodynamics and system theory, the axiomatic theory of biology has been developed.
Origin Of Natural Order The An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology
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Author : Qinyi Zhao
language : en
Publisher: Series on the Foundations of N
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Origin Of Natural Order The An Axiomatic Theory Of Biology written by Qinyi Zhao and has been published by Series on the Foundations of N this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Science categories.
All sorts of biological activities are processed thermodynamically, and at the utmost fundamental level, the laws of biology must be thermodynamics. However, the current laws of thermodynamics are unable to give reasonable explanation of biological proces
Electron Statistics In Quantum Confined Superlattices
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Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2023-03-14
Electron Statistics In Quantum Confined Superlattices written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-14 with Science categories.
The concepts of the Electron Statistics (ES) and the ES dependent electronic properties are basic pillars in semiconductor electronics and this first-of-its-kind book deals with the said concepts in doping superlattices (SLs), quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot SLs, effective mass SLs, SLs with graded interfaces and Fibonacci SLs under different physical conditions respectively. The influences of intense radiation and strong electric fields under said concepts have been considered together with the heavily doped SLs in this context on the basis of newly formulated the electron energy spectra in all the cases. We have suggested experimental determinations of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length, Elastic Constants and the content of this book finds 25 different applications in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This book contains hundred open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers. It is written for post graduate students of various departments of different academic organizations, engineers and professionals in the fields of solid state electronics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science, nanotechnology and nano materials in general.
Topics In Nanoscience Part I Basic Views Complex Nanosystems Typical Results And Future
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Author : Wolfram Schommers
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2021-12-17
Topics In Nanoscience Part I Basic Views Complex Nanosystems Typical Results And Future written by Wolfram Schommers and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-17 with Science categories.
With the development of the scanning tunneling microscope, nanoscience became an important discipline. Single atoms could be manipulated in a controlled manner, and it became possible to change matter at its 'ultimate' level; it is the level on which the properties of matter emerge. This possibility enables to construct and to produce devices, materials, etc. with very small sizes and completely new properties. That opens up new perspectives for technology and is in particular relevant in connection with nano-engineering.Nanosystems are unimaginably small and very fast. No doubt, this is an important characteristic. But there is another feature, possibly more relevant, in connection with nanoscience and nanotechnology. The essential point here is that we work at the 'ultimate level'. This is the smallest level at which the properties of our world emerge, at which functional matter can exist. In particular, at this level biological individuality comes into existence. This situation can be expressed in absolute terms: This is not only the strongest material ever made, this is the strongest material it will ever be possible to make (D Ratner and M Ratner, Nanotechnology and Homeland Security). This is a very general statement. All aspects of matter are concerned here. Through the variation of the composition various forms of matter emerge with different items.Nanosystems are usually small, but they offer nevertheless the possibility to vary the structure of atomic (molecular) ensembles, creating a diversity of new material-specific properties. A large variety of experimental possibilities come into play and flexible theoretical tools are needed at the basic level. This is reflected in the different disciplines: In nanoscience and nanotechnology we have various directions: Materials science, functional nanomaterials, nanoparticles, food chemistry, medicine with brain research, quantum and molecular computing, bioinformatics, magnetic nanostructures, nano-optics, nano-electronics, etc.The properties of matter, which are involved within these nanodisciplines, are ultimate in character, i.e., their characteristic properties come into existence at this level. The book is organized in this respect.
Topics In Nanoscience Part Ii Quantized Structures Nanoelectronics Thin Films Nanosystems Typical Results And Future
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Author : Wolfram Schommers
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2021-12-17
Topics In Nanoscience Part Ii Quantized Structures Nanoelectronics Thin Films Nanosystems Typical Results And Future written by Wolfram Schommers and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-17 with Science categories.
With the development of the scanning tunneling microscope, nanoscience became an important discipline. Single atoms could be manipulated in a controlled manner, and it became possible to change matter at its 'ultimate' level; it is the level on which the properties of matter emerge. This possibility enables to construct and to produce devices, materials, etc. with very small sizes and completely new properties. That opens up new perspectives for technology and is in particular relevant in connection with nano-engineering.Nanosystems are unimaginably small and very fast. No doubt, this is an important characteristic. But there is another feature, possibly more relevant, in connection with nanoscience and nanotechnology. The essential point here is that we work at the 'ultimate level'. This is the smallest level at which the properties of our world emerge, at which functional matter can exist. In particular, at this level biological individuality comes into existence. This situation can be expressed in absolute terms: This is not only the strongest material ever made, this is the strongest material it will ever be possible to make (D Ratner and M Ratner, Nanotechnology and Homeland Security). This is a very general statement. All aspects of matter are concerned here. Through the variation of the composition various forms of matter emerge with different items.Nanosystems are usually small, but they offer nevertheless the possibility to vary the structure of atomic (molecular) ensembles, creating a diversity of new material-specific properties. A large variety of experimental possibilities come into play and flexible theoretical tools are needed at the basic level. This is reflected in the different disciplines: In nanoscience and nanotechnology we have various directions: Materials science, functional nanomaterials, nanoparticles, food chemistry, medicine with brain research, quantum and molecular computing, bioinformatics, magnetic nanostructures, nano-optics, nano-electronics, etc.The properties of matter, which are involved within these nanodisciplines, are ultimate in character, i.e., their characteristic properties come into existence at this level. The book is organized in this respect.
Scalar Field Cosmology
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Author : Sergei Chervon
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2019-04-29
Scalar Field Cosmology written by Sergei Chervon and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-29 with Science categories.
This monograph discusses cosmological inflation and provides exact and slow roll solutions. It also reviews new and advanced approaches of exact solutions construction with canonical scalar fields, including application of generating functions methods, the superpotential and many others. This book presents the reduction of the Friedmann equation to the Abel equation, which is a very useful tool in cosmology. It offers new solutions and discusses its properties.Additionally, it touches upon the role of phantom scalar field cosmology and analyzes phantonical models. It describes brane cosmology with scalar fields, providing exact solutions construction using the superpotential method as well as Darboux transformations.This book provides detailed calculations throughout.
Topics In Nanoscience In 2 Parts
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Author : Wolfram Schommers
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2021-12-17
Topics In Nanoscience In 2 Parts written by Wolfram Schommers and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-17 with Science categories.
With the development of the scanning tunneling microscope, nanoscience became an important discipline. Single atoms could be manipulated in a controlled manner, and it became possible to change matter at its 'ultimate' level; it is the level on which the properties of matter emerge. This possibility enables to construct and to produce devices, materials, etc. with very small sizes and completely new properties. That opens up new perspectives for technology and is in particular relevant in connection with nano-engineering.Nanosystems are unimaginably small and very fast. No doubt, this is an important characteristic. But there is another feature, possibly more relevant, in connection with nanoscience and nanotechnology. The essential point here is that we work at the 'ultimate level'. This is the smallest level at which the properties of our world emerge, at which functional matter can exist. In particular, at this level biological individuality comes into existence. This situation can be expressed in absolute terms: This is not only the strongest material ever made, this is the strongest material it will ever be possible to make (D Ratner and M Ratner, Nanotechnology and Homeland Security). This is a very general statement. All aspects of matter are concerned here. Through the variation of the composition various forms of matter emerge with different items.Nanosystems are usually small, but they offer nevertheless the possibility to vary the structure of atomic (molecular) ensembles, creating a diversity of new material-specific properties. A large variety of experimental possibilities come into play and flexible theoretical tools are needed at the basic level. This is reflected in the different disciplines: In nanoscience and nanotechnology we have various directions: Materials science, functional nanomaterials, nanoparticles, food chemistry, medicine with brain research, quantum and molecular computing, bioinformatics, magnetic nanostructures, nano-optics, nano-electronics, etc.The properties of matter, which are involved within these nanodisciplines, are ultimate in character, i.e., their characteristic properties come into existence at this level. The book is organized in this respect.
Quantum Capacitance In Quantized Transistors
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Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2024-02-06
Quantum Capacitance In Quantized Transistors written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-06 with Science categories.
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in studying the quantum capacitance (QC) in 2D quantum MOSFETs (QMOSFET) and 1D Nano Wire FET (NWFET) devices of various technologically important materials which find extensive applications in many directions in low dimensional electronics. The 2D and 1D electron statistics in inversion layers of MOSFETs can rather easily be varied by changing the gate voltage which, in turn, brings a change of the surface electric field, the QC depends on the gate-voltage. This first-of-its-kind book deals solely with the QC in 2D MOSFETs of non-linear optical, ternary, quaternary, III-V compounds, II-VI, IV-VI, stressed Kane type, Ge, GaP, Bismuth telluride, Gallium Antimonide and their 1D NWFETs counter parts. The influence of quantizing magnetic field, crossed electric and magnetic fields, parallel magnetic field, have also been considered on the QC of the said devices of the aforementioned materials. The influences of strong light waves and ultra-strong electric field present in nano-devices have also been considered. The accumulation layers of the quantum effect devices of the said materials have also been discussed in detail by formulating the respective dispersion relations of the heavily doped compounds. The QC in 1D MOSFET of the said materials have also been investigated in this context on the basis of newly formulated electron energy spectra in all the cases. The QC in quantum well transistors and magneto quantum well transistors together with CNTFETs have been formulated and discussed in detail along with I-V equations of ballistic QWFETs and NWFETs together with their heavily doped counter parts under different external physical conditions. In this context, experimental determinations are suggested of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length, Elastic Constants and the content of this book finds twenty-two different applications in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This book contains hundred open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers.
Density Of States Function And Related Applications In Quantized Structures
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Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2025-05-29
Density Of States Function And Related Applications In Quantized Structures written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-05-29 with Science categories.
In recent years there has been considerable interest in studying the DENSITY-OF-STATES (DOS) functions and Related Applications in Quantized Structures of different technologically important materials in low dimensional electronics. The concept of DOS function is of fundamental importance for not only the characterization of semiconductor nanostructures but also in the study of the carrier transport in quantum effect devices. The acoustic mobility limited momentum relaxation time is inversely proportional to the respective DOS function of a particular semiconductor and the DOS function, in turn, is connected to the twenty five important transport topics of quantum effect devices namely the Landau Dia and Pauli's Para Magnetic Susceptibilities, the Einstein's Photoemission, the Einstein Relation, the Debye Screening Length, the Generalized Raman gain, the Normalized Hall coefficient, the Fowler-Nordheim Field Emission, the Gate Capacitance, the Thermoelectric Power, the Plasma Frequency, the Magneto-Thermal effect in Quantized Structures, the Activity coefficient, the Reflection coefficient, the Heat Capacity, the Faraday rotation, the Optical Effective Mass, the Carrier contribution to the elastic constants, the Diffusion coefficient of the minority carriers, the Nonlinear optical response, the Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility, the Righi-Leduc coefficient, the Electric Susceptibility, the Electric Susceptibility Mass, the Electron Diffusion Thermo-power and the Hydrostatic Piezo-resistance Coefficient respectively.This first-of-a-kind monograph investigates the DOS function and the aforementioned applications in quantized structures of tetragonal and non-linear optical, III-V, II-VI, Gallium Phosphide, Germanium, Platinum Antimonide, stressed, IV-VI, Lead Germanium Telluride, II-V, Zinc and Cadmium diphosphides and Bismuth Telluride respectively. We have also formulated the same and the allied physical properties of III-V, II-VI, IV-VI and HgTe/CdTe quantum well Heavily Doped (HD) superlattices with graded interfaces under magnetic quantization, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI and HgTe/CdTe HD effective mass superlattices under magnetic quantization, quantum confined effective mass superlattices and superlattices of HD optoelectronic materials with graded interfaces in addition to other quantized structures respectively.This book covers from elementary applications in the first chapter up to rather advanced investigations in the later chapters. We have suggested experimental determinations of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length and Elastic Constants in various types of quantized structures under different physical conditions. This book contains 222 current open research problems which form an integral part of the text and are useful for both aspiring students and researchers. It is written for graduate / post graduate students, engineers and professionals in the fields of condensed matter physics, solid state sciences, materials science, nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanostructured materials in general and this book will be invaluable to all those researching in academic and industrial laboratories in the said cases worldwide.
Elastic Constants In Heavily Doped Low Dimensional Materials
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Author : Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2021-03-15
Elastic Constants In Heavily Doped Low Dimensional Materials written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-15 with Science categories.
The elastic constant (EC) is a very important mechanical property of the these materials and its significance is already well known in literature. This first monograph solely deals with the quantum effects in EC of heavily doped (HD) low dimensional materials. The materials considered are HD quantum confined nonlinear optical, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, PtSb₂, stressed materials, GaSb, Te, II-V, Bi₂Te₃, lead germanium telluride, zinc and cadmium diphosphides, and quantum confined III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, and HgTe/CdTe super-lattices with graded interfaces and effective mass super-lattices. The presence of intense light waves in optoelectronics and strong electric field in nano-devices changes the band structure of semiconductors in fundamental ways, which have also been incorporated in the study of EC in HD low dimensional optoelectronic compounds that control the studies of the HD quantum effect devices under strong fields. The importance of measurement of band gap in optoelectronic materials under intense external fields has also been discussed in this context. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, electric field and light waves on the EC in HD semiconductors and super-lattices are discussed.The content of this book finds twenty-five different applications in the arena of nano-science and nano-technology. We The authors have discussed the experimental methods of determining the Einstein Relation, screening length and EC in this context. This book contains circa 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science and technology and allied fields in addition to the graduate courses in semiconductor nanostructures.