Orphans And Incentives
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Orphans And Incentives
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-11-30
Orphans And Incentives written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-11-30 with Medical categories.
Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of prolonged illness, premature mortality, and soaring health costs. In the United States in 1995, infectious diseases were the third leading cause of death, right behind heart disease and cancer. Mortality is mounting over time, owing to HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, and septicemia, with drug resistance playing an ever-increasing role in each of these disease categories. This book, a report from a Forum on Emerging Infections workshop, focuses on product areas where returns from the market might be perceived as being too small or too complicated by other factors to compete in industrial portfolios with other demands for investment. Vaccines are quintessential examples of such products. The lessons learned fall into four areas, including what makes intersectoral collaboration a reality, the notion of a product life cycle, the implications of divergent sectoral mandates and concepts of risk, and the roles of advocacy and public education. The summary contains an examination of the Children's Vaccine Initiative and other models, an industry perspective on the emerging infections agenda, and legal and regulatory issues.
Economic Incentives For Children And Families To Eliminate Or Reduce Child Labour
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Author : Richard Anker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Economic Incentives For Children And Families To Eliminate Or Reduce Child Labour written by Richard Anker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Child labor categories.
Child Welfare
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Author : Emilie Stoltzfus
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2013-07
Child Welfare written by Emilie Stoltzfus and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07 with Law categories.
Under the Adoption Incentives program states earn federal bonuses when they increase adoptions of children who are in need of new permanent families. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have earned a part of the $375 million in Adoption Incentive funds that have been awarded since the program was established as part of the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. Funding authorized for this program has been extended twice since it was established, most recently in 2008, but is currently set to expire on September 30, 2013. Since ASFA's enactment in 1997, the annual number of children leaving foster care for adoption has risen from roughly 30,000 to more than 50,000 and the average length of time it took states to complete the adoption of a child from foster care declined by close to one year (from about four years to less than three). Over the same time period, and in significant measure due to the greater number of children leaving foster care for adoption and at a faster pace, the overall number of children who remain in foster care declined by 29%. Despite these successes, however, the number of children “waiting for adoption” remains more than double the number of children who are adopted during a given year. Under the current Adoption Incentive bonus structure, states earn $4,000 for each adoption of a foster child that is above the number of foster child adoptions finalized by the state in FY2007 and $8,000 for each adoption of an older child (9 years or older) above the number of older child adoptions it finalized in FY2007. If a state has earned an award in either of those categories—or if it improves its adoption rate—it earns $4,000 for each adoption of a special needs child (under age 9) that is above the number of such adoptions it finalized in FY2007. For improving its rate of adoption, a state is eligible for additional incentive funds of $1,000 multiplied by the increased number of adoptions that are calculated to have resulted from the improved adoption rate. However, increases in incentive amounts states earn due to improved adoption rates are only paid to those states if sufficient program appropriations are available after all awards for increases in the number of adoptions have been made. States are permitted to use Adoption Incentive bonuses to support a broad range of child welfare services to children and families. Many states report spending incentive funds on adoption-related child welfare purposes, including post-adoption support services, recruitment of adoptive homes, and training or conferences to improve adoption casework. A smaller number of states report using these funds for adoption assistance payments, improved adoption homes studies, child protection casework, foster care maintenance payments, or other child welfare purposes. Funding for the Adoption Incentives program is provided on a discretionary basis as part of the annual appropriations process. The program is authorized to receive $43 million annually (through FY2013), but in recent years actual appropriations have been around $39 million. Final FY2013 appropriations for the Adoption Incentives program were included in the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 at this same level. However, those appropriations are subject to a 5% reduction (under the March 1 sequestration order).
Incentives For Change
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Author : Lara Delmolino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Incentives For Change written by Lara Delmolino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Autistic children categories.
As many parents and teachers know, people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can be difficult to motivate, especially when asked to learn something new. Finding the right incentives to support learning is one of the crucial first steps in teaching them new skills. Written by two autism specialists with nearly 50 years combined experience, 'Incentives for Change' explores systems for determining what incentives children and adults with ASD will find rewarding, and ways to use motivation as a tool to affect their learning and behaviour. This easy-to-follow guide explains a variety of motivational methods and systems, including how to: Identify potential incentives; Transition from concrete to intangible incentives; Use reinforcements or rewards to increase motivation; Teach a child to express what he wants; Understand 'establishing operation' and other concepts that affect motivation; Motivate children with ASD to make choices; Implement token systems to enable children to delay reinforcement; Encourage independence and self-management skills. What skills and behaviours can be taught using the motivational techniques presented in this book? Parents and teachers will find methods for teaching a wide variety of social skills, such as interacting playfully with others and making eye contact, and life skills such as getting dressed and doing chores. These techniques can also help students with ASD learn academic subjects in school and control interfering behaviours like hand flapping or rocking back and forth. This book contains many real-life case studies of families who are using motivational systems in a variety of situations to help their child learn and gain a greater measure of independence. When put to use, these systems can enhance learning opportunities for every person on the autism spectrum from the youngest to the oldest, and from the least to most receptive to change.
Home Token Economy
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Author : Jack R. Alvord
language : en
Publisher: Research Press (IL)
Release Date : 1973
Home Token Economy written by Jack R. Alvord and has been published by Research Press (IL) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Behavior modification categories.
A simulation game which through 'reinforcements' and 'punishments' as consequences, modifies children's relationships with their parents.
The Value Of Praise And Reproof As Incentives For Children
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Author : Elizabeth Bergner Hurlock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1924
The Value Of Praise And Reproof As Incentives For Children written by Elizabeth Bergner Hurlock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1924 with Child development categories.
Incentives And Children S Dietary Choices
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Author : Michèle Belot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Incentives And Children S Dietary Choices written by Michèle Belot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
We conduct a field experiment in 31 primary schools in England to test the effectiveness of different temporary incentive schemes, an individual based incentive scheme and a competitive scheme, on increasing the choice and consumption of fruit and vegetables at lunchtime. The individual scheme has a weak positive effect whereas all pupils respond to positively to the competitive scheme. For our sample of interest, the competitive scheme increases choice of fruit and vegetables by 33% and consumption of fruit and vegetables by 48%, twice and three times as much as the individual incentive scheme, respectively. The positive effects generally carry over to the week immediately following the treatment but we find little evidence of any effects six months later. Our results show that incentives can work, at least temporarily, to increase healthy eating but there are large differences in effectiveness between schemes and across demographics such as age and gender.
Rewards
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Author : Herbert J. Walberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Rewards written by Herbert J. Walberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Educational productivity categories.
Rare Diseases And Orphan Products
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-04-03
Rare Diseases And Orphan Products written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-03 with Medical categories.
Rare diseases collectively affect millions of Americans of all ages, but developing drugs and medical devices to prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions is challenging. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends implementing an integrated national strategy to promote rare diseases research and product development.
Orphan Drug Amendments Of 1991
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Orphan Drug Amendments Of 1991 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Law categories.