Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries Cluster Results
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Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries Cluster Results
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Author : Goetz Paschmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-12-07
Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries Cluster Results written by Goetz Paschmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-07 with Science categories.
When the stream of plasma emitted from the Sun (the solar wind) encounters Earth's magnetic field, it slows down and flows around it, leaving behind a cavity, the magnetosphere. The magnetopause is the surface that separates the solar wind on the outside from the Earth's magnetic field on the inside. Because the solar wind moves at supersonic speed, a bow shock must form ahead of the magnetopause that acts to slow the solar wind to subsonic speeds. Magnetopause, bow shock and their environs are rich in exciting processes in collisionless plasmas, such as shock formation, magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration and wave-particle interactions. They are interesting in their own right, as part of Earth's environment, but also because they are prototypes of similar structures and phenomena that are ubiquitous in the universe, having the unique advantage that they are accessible to in situ measurements. The boundaries of the magnetosphere have been the target of direct in-situ measurements since the beginning of the space age. But because they are constantly moving, changing their orientation, and undergoing evolution, the interpretation of single-spacecraft measurements has been plagued by the fundamental inability of a single observer to unambiguously distinguish spatial from temporal changes. The boundaries are thus a prime target for the study by a closely spaced fleet of spacecraft. Thus the Cluster mission, with its four spacecraft in a three-dimensional configuration at variable separation distances, represents a giant step forward. The present 20th volume of the ISSI Space Science Series represents the first synthesis of the exciting new results obtained in the first few years of the Cluster mission.
Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries Cluster Results
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Author : Goetz Paschmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-06-28
Outer Magnetospheric Boundaries Cluster Results written by Goetz Paschmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-28 with Science categories.
8. 8 Boundary Layer Structure and Detached Plasma 305 8. 8. 1 Background 305 8. 8. 2 Structure inside the boundary layer 306 8. 8. 3 Observation of detached plasma 308 8. 8. 4 Summary 309 8. 9 Summary and Conclusions 310 References 312 9. CLUSTER AT THE MAGNETOSPHERIC CUSPS 321 9. 1 Introduction 321 9. 1. 1 Previous work 323 9. 1. 2 How Cluster investigates the cusp 325 9. 2 The High-Altitude Cusp 326 9. 2. 1 March 17, 2001 328 9. 2. 2 February 4, 2001 332 9. 2. 3 February 13, 2001 337 9. 2. 4 Statistical survey 340 9. 2. 5 Waves and turbulence 343 9. 3 The Mid-Altitude Cusp 352 9. 3. 1 Structure: Case study 352 9. 3. 2 Structure: Statistical survey 354 9. 3. 3 Ionospheric ions 354 9. 3. 4 Mid-altitude signatures of the LLBL 357 9. 4 Discussion 359 References 360 10. MAGNETOPAUSE PROCESSES 367 10. 1 Magnetopause Reconnection 368 10. 1. 1 Intermittent vs. quasi-steady reconnection 368 10. 1. 2 Component vs. anti-parallel reconnection 382 10. 1. 3 Tailward-of-the-cusp reconnection 385 10. 1. 4 Quantitative tests of reconnection occurrence 388 10. 1. 5 Summary 391 10. 2 Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability at the Flank Magnetopause 391 10. 3 Microphysics of Magnetopause Processes 396 10. 3. 1 Collisionless generalised Ohm’s law 397 10. 3. 2 Ion di?usion region observations 398 10. 3. 3 High-frequency waves 402 10. 3. 4 Lower-hybrid waves 405 10. 3.
Earth S Magnetosphere
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Author : Wayne Keith
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-11-24
Earth S Magnetosphere written by Wayne Keith and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-24 with Science categories.
Earth's Magnetosphere: Formed by the Low Latitude Boundary Layer, Second Edition, provides a fully updated overview of both historical and current data related to the magnetosphere and how it is formed. With a focus on experimental data and space missions, the book goes in depth relating space physics to the Earth’s magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind. Starting with Newton’s law, this book also examines Maxwell’s equations and subsidiary equations such as continuity, constitutive relations and the Lorentz transformation, Helmholtz’ theorem, and Poynting’s theorem, among other methods for understanding this interaction. This new edition of Earth’s Magnetosphere is updated with information on such topics as 3D reconnection, space weather implications, recent missions such as MMS, ionosphere outflow and coupling, and the inner magnetosphere. With the addition of end-of-chapter problems as well, this book is an excellent foundational reference for geophysicists, space physicists, plasma physicists, and graduate students alike. Offers an historical perspective of early magnetospheric research, combined with progress up to the present Describes observations from various spacecraft in a variety of regions, with explanations and discussions of each Includes chapters on prompt particle acceleration to high energies, plasma transfer event, and the low latitude boundary layer
Earth S Magnetosphere
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Author : Walter Heikkila
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-10-13
Earth S Magnetosphere written by Walter Heikkila and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-13 with Science categories.
The author argues that, after five decades of debate about the interactive of solar wind with the magnetosphere, it is time to get back to basics. Starting with Newton's law, this book also examines Maxwell's equations and subsidiary equations such as continuity, constitutive relations and the Lorentz transformation; Helmholtz' theorem, and Poynting's theorem, among other methods for understanding this interaction. Includes chapters on prompt particle acceleration to high energies, plasma transfer event, and the low latitude boundary layer More than 200 figures illustrate the text Includes a color insert
Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions
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Author : Qiugang Zong
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-03-13
Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions written by Qiugang Zong and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-13 with Science categories.
Exploring the processes and phenomena of Earth’s dayside magnetosphere Energy and momentum transfer, initially taking place at the dayside magnetopause, is responsible for a variety of phenomenon that we can measure on the ground. Data obtained from observations of Earth’s dayside magnetosphere increases our knowledge of the processes by which solar wind mass, momentum, and energy enter the magnetosphere. Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions outlines the physics and processes of dayside magnetospheric phenomena, the role of solar wind in generating ultra-low frequency waves, and solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Volume highlights include: Phenomena across different temporal and spatial scales Discussions on dayside aurora, plume dynamics, and related dayside reconnection Results from spacecraft observations, ground-based observations, and simulations Discoveries from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and Van Allen Probes era Exploration of foreshock, bow shock, magnetosheath, magnetopause, and cusps Examination of similar processes occurring around other planets The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
From The Outer Heliosphere To The Local Bubble
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Author : J.L. Linsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-04-29
From The Outer Heliosphere To The Local Bubble written by J.L. Linsky and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-29 with Science categories.
Knowledge about the outer heliosphere and the interstellar medium, which were long treated as two separate fields, has improved dramatically over the past 25 years as a consequence of recent developments: The discovery of interstellar pickup ions and neutral helium inside the heliosphere, the determination of the interstellar hydrogen distribution in the heliosphere obtained using backscattered solar Lyman-alpha radiation, the prediction and subsequent detection of the hydrogen wall just outside of the heliopause, the development of detailed global models for the interaction of solar wind plasma with the interstellar medium, and most recently, direct in-situ plasma and field measurements inside of the heliosheath. At the same time, our understanding of the nearby galactic environment, including the composition and dynamics of the warm gas clouds and hot gas in the local bubble, has benefited greatly from absorption-line spectroscopy using nearby stars as background sources and dynamic modeling. The present volume provides a synopsis of these developments organised into seven sections: Dominant physical processes in the termination shock and heliosheath, three-dimensional shape and structure of the dynamic heliosphere, relation of the plasmas and dust inside and outside of the heliosphere, origin and properties of the very local interstellar medium, energy and pressure equilibria in the local bubble, physical processes in the multiphase interstellar medium inside of the local bubble, and the roles that magnetic fields play in the outer heliosphere and the local bubble. The last theme is probably the most basic of all as magnetic fields play important roles in most of the phenomena discussed here. The volume concludes with four papers providing the "big picture" by looking at the time evolution of both the heliosphere and the local bubble, looking beyond the local bubble, and finally addressing the challenges in modeling the interface between the two media.
The Earth S Plasmasphere
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Author : Fabien Darrouzet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-08-21
The Earth S Plasmasphere written by Fabien Darrouzet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-21 with Science categories.
James L. Burch·C. Philippe Escoubet Originally published in the journal Space Science Reviews, Volume 145, Nos 1–2, 1–2. DOI: 10. 1007/s11214-009-9532-7 © Springer Science+Business Media B. V. 2009 The IMAGE and CLUSTER spacecraft have revolutionized our understanding of the inner magnetosphere and in particular the plasmasphere. Before launch, the plasmasphere was not a prime objective of the CLUSTER mission. In fact, CLUSTER might not have ever observed this region because a few years before the CLUSTER launch (at the beginning of the 1990s), it was proposed to raise the perigee of the orbit to 8 Earth radii to make multipoint measu- ments in the current disruption region in the tail. Because of ground segment constraints, this proposal did not materialize. In view of the great depth and breadth of plasmaspheric research and numerous papers published on the plasmasphere since the CLUSTER launch, this choice certainly was a judicious one. The fact that the plasmasphere was one of the prime targets in the inner magnetosphere for IMAGE provided a unique opportunity to make great strides using the new and comp- mentary measurements of the two missions. IMAGE, with sensitive EUV cameras, could for the rst time make global images of the plasmasphere and show its great variability d- ing storm-time. CLUSTER, with four-spacecraft, could analyze in situ spatial and temporal structures at the plasmapause that are particularly important in such a dynamic system.
Planetary Atmospheric Electricity
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Author : François Leblanc
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-04
Planetary Atmospheric Electricity written by François Leblanc and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-04 with Science categories.
This book is a comprehensive discussion of all issues related to atmospheric electricity in our solar system. It details atmospheric electricity on Earth and other planets and discusses the development of instruments used for observation.
The Themis Mission
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Author : James L. Burch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-03-03
The Themis Mission written by James L. Burch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-03 with Science categories.
J.L. Burch·V. Angelopoulos Originally published in the journal Space Science Reviews, Volume 141, Nos 1–4, 1–3. DOI: 10.1007/s11214-008-9474-5 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 The Earth, like all the other planets, is continuously bombarded by the solar wind, which is variable on many time scales owing to its connection to the activity of the Sun. But the Earth is unique among planets because its atmosphere, magnetic eld, and rotation rates are each signi cant, though not dominant, players in the formation of its magnetosphere and its reaction to solar-wind inputs. An intriguing fact is that no matter what the time scale of solar-wind variations, the Earth’s response has a de nite pattern lasting a few hours. Known as a magnetospheric substorm, the response involves a build-up, a crash, and a recovery. The build-up (known as the growth phase) occurs because of an interlinking of the geom- netic eld and the solar-wind magnetic eld known as magnetic reconnection, which leads to storage of increasing amounts of magnetic energy and stress in the tail of the mag- tosphere and lasts about a half hour. The crash (known as the expansion phase) occurs when the increased magnetic energy and stresses are impulsively relieved, the current system that supports the stretched out magnetic tail is diverted into the ionosphere, and bright, dynamic displays of the aurora appear in the upper atmosphere. The expansion and subsequent rec- ery phases result from a second magnetic reconnection event that decouples the solar-wind and geomagnetic elds.
Magnetoseismology
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Author : Frederick W. Menk
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-07-26
Magnetoseismology written by Frederick W. Menk and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-26 with Science categories.
Written by a researcher at the forefront of the field, this first comprehensive account of magnetoseismology conveys the physics behind these movements and waves, and explains how to detect and investigate them. Along the way, it describes the principles as applied to remote sensing of near-Earth space and related remote sensing techniques, while also comparing and intercalibrating magnetoseismology with other techniques. The example applications include advanced data analysis techniques that may find wider used in areas ranging from geophysics to medical imaging, and remote sensing using radar systems that are of relevance to defense surveillance systems. As a result, the book not only reviews the status quo, but also anticipates new developments. With many figures and illustrations, some in full color, plus additional computational codes for analysis and evaluation. Aimed at graduate readers, the text assumes knowledge of electromagnetism and physical processes at degree level, but introductory chapters will provide an overview of the relevant plasma physics and magnetospheric physics. The book will thus be of interest to entry-level and established researchers in physics of the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, as well as to students, academics and scientifically literate laypersons with an interest in understanding space weather processes and how these relate to the dynamic behavior of near-Earth space.