Oxygen Enhanced Combustion For Nox Control
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Oxygen Enhanced Combustion
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Author : Charles E. Baukal Jr.
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-03-15
Oxygen Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-15 with Science categories.
Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion—new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissions as well as increased energy efficiency and productivity. Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion, Second Edition compiles information about using oxygen to enhance industrial heating and melting processes. It integrates fundamental principles, applications, and equipment design in one volume, making it a unique resource for specialists implementing the use of oxygen in combustion systems. This second edition of the bestselling book has more than doubled in size. Extensively updated and expanded, it covers significant advances in the technology that have occurred since the publication of the first edition. What’s New in This Edition Expanded from 11 chapters to 30, with most of the existing chapters revised A broader view of oxygen-enhanced combustion, with more than 50 contributors from over 20 organizations around the world More coverage of fundamentals, including fluid flow, heat transfer, noise, flame impingement, CFD modeling, soot formation, burner design, and burner testing New chapters on applications such as flameless combustion, steel reheating, iron production, cement production, power generation, fluidized bed combustion, chemicals and petrochemicals, and diesel engines This book offers a unified, up-to-date look at important commercialized uses of oxygen-enhanced combustion in a wide range of industries. It brings together the latest knowledge to assist those researching, engineering, and implementing combustion in power plants, engines, and other applications.
Oxygen Enhanced Combustion For Nox Control
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Oxygen Enhanced Combustion For Nox Control written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Conventional wisdom says adding oxygen to a combustion system enhances product throughput, system efficiency, and, unless special care is taken, increases NOx emissions. This increase in NOx emissions is typically due to elevated flame temperatures associated with oxygen use leading to added thermal NOx formation. Innovative low flame temperature oxy-fuel burner designs have been developed and commercialized to minimize both thermal and fuel NOx formation for gas and oil fired industrial furnaces. To be effective these systems require close to 100% oxy-fuel combustion and the cost of oxygen is paid for by fuel savings and other benefits. For applications to coal-fired utility boilers at the current cost of oxygen, however, it is not economically feasible to use 100% oxygen for NOx control. In spite of this conventional wisdom, Praxair and its team members, in partnership with the US Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory, have developed a novel way to use oxygen to reduce NOx emissions without resorting to complete oxy-fuel conversion. In this concept oxygen is added to the combustion process to enhance operation of a low NOx combustion system. Only a small fraction of combustion air is replaced with oxygen in the process. By selectively adding oxygen to a low NOx combustion system it is possible to reduce NOx emissions from nitrogen-containing fuels, including pulverized coal, while improving combustion characteristics such as unburned carbon. A combination of experimental work and modeling was used to define how well oxygen enhanced combustion could reduce NOx emissions. The results of this work suggest that small amounts of oxygen replacement can reduce the NOx emissions as compared to the air-alone system. NOx emissions significantly below 0.15 lbs/MMBtu were measured. Oxygen addition was also shown to reduce carbon in ash. Comparison of the costs of using oxygen for NOx control against competing technologies, such as SCR, show that this concept offers substantial savings over SCR and is an economically attractive alternative to purchasing NOx credits or installing other conventional technologies. In conjunction with the development of oxygen based low NOx technology, Praxair also worked on developing the economically enhancing oxygen transport membrane (OTM) technology which is ideally suited for integration with combustion systems to achieve further significant cost reductions and efficiency improvements. This OTM oxygen production technology is based on ceramic mixed conductor membranes that operate at high temperatures and can be operated in a pressure driven mode to separate oxygen with infinite selectivity and high flux. An OTM material was selected and characterized. OTM elements were successfully fabricated. A single tube OTM reactor was designed and assembled. Testing of dense OTM elements was conducted with promising oxygen flux results of 100% of target flux. However, based on current natural gas prices and stand-alone air separation processes, ceramic membranes do not offer an economic advantage for this application. Under a different DOE-NETL Cooperative Agreement, Praxair is continuing to develop oxygen transport membranes for the Advanced Boiler where the economics appear more attractive.
Advanced Power Plant Materials Design And Technology
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Author : Dermot Roddy
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2010-05-24
Advanced Power Plant Materials Design And Technology written by Dermot Roddy and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Fossil-fuel power plants account for the majority of worldwide power generation. Increasing global energy demands, coupled with issues of ageing and inefficient power plants, have led to new power plant construction programmes. As cheaper fossil fuel resources are exhausted and emissions criteria are tightened, utilities are turning to power plants designed with performance in mind to satisfy requirements for improved capacity, efficiency, and environmental characteristics.Advanced power plant materials, design and technology provides a comprehensive reference on the state of the art of gas-fired and coal-fired power plants, their major components and performance improvement options. Part one critically reviews advanced power plant designs which target both higher efficiency and flexible operation, including reviews of combined cycle technology and materials performance issues.Part two reviews major plant components for improved operation, including advanced membrane technology for both hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) separation, as well as flue gas handling technologies for improved emissions control of sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), mercury, ash and particulates. The section concludes with coverage of high-temperature sensors, and monitoring and control technology that are essential to power plant operation and performance optimisation.Part three begins with coverage of low-rank coal upgrading and biomass resource utilisation for improved power plant fuel flexibility. Routes to improve the environmental impact are also reviewed, with chapters detailing the integration of underground coal gasification and the application of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage. Finally, improved generation performance is reviewed with coverage of syngas and hydrogen (H2) production from fossil-fuel feedstocks.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Advanced power plant materials, design and technology is a standard reference for all power plant engineers and operators, as well as to academics and researchers in this field. - Provides a comprehensive reference on the state-of-the-art gas-fired and coal-fired power plants, their major components and performance improvement options - Examines major plant components for improved operation as well as flue gas handling technologies for improved emissions control - Routes to improve environmental impact are discussed with chapters detailing the integration of underground coal gasification
Combustion Engineering Issues For Solid Fuel Systems
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Author : Bruce G. Miller
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2008-07-02
Combustion Engineering Issues For Solid Fuel Systems written by Bruce G. Miller and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Design, construct and utilize fuel systems using this comprehensive reference work. Combustion Engineering Issues for Solid Fuel Systems combines modeling, policy/regulation and fuel properties with cutting edge breakthroughs in solid fuel combustion for electricity generation and industrial applications. This book moves beyond theory to provide readers with real-life experiences and tips for addressing the various technical, operational and regulatory issues that are associated with the use of fuels. With the latest information on CFD modeling and emission control technologies, Combustion Engineering Issues for Solid Fuel Systems is the book practicing engineers as well as managers and policy makers have been waiting for. - Provides the latest information on CFD modeling and emission control technologies - Comprehensive coverage of combustion systems and fuel types - Addresses policy and regulatory concerns at a technical level - Tackles various technical and operational issues
Industrial Combustion Pollution And Control
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Author : Jr., Charles E. Baukal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-10-15
Industrial Combustion Pollution And Control written by Jr., Charles E. Baukal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-15 with Nature categories.
This reference overflows with an abundance of experimental techniques, simulation strategies, and practical applications useful in the control of pollutants generated by combustion processes in the metals, minerals, chemical, petrochemical, waste, incineration, paper, glass, and foods industries. The book assists engineers as they attempt to meet e
The John Zink Combustion Handbook
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Author : Jr., Charles E. Baukal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-03-27
The John Zink Combustion Handbook written by Jr., Charles E. Baukal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-03-27 with Science categories.
Despite the length of time it has been around, its importance, and vast amounts of research, combustion is still far from being completely understood. Industrial applications of combustion add environmental, cost, and fuel consumption issues to its fundamental complexity, and the process and power generation industries in particular present their o
Computational Fluid Dynamics In Industrial Combustion
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Author : Jr., Charles E. Baukal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-10-26
Computational Fluid Dynamics In Industrial Combustion written by Jr., Charles E. Baukal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-26 with Science categories.
Although many books have been written on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and many written on combustion, most contain very limited coverage of the combination of CFD and industrial combustion. Furthermore, most of these books are written at an advanced academic level, emphasize theory over practice, and provide little help to engineers who need
The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook
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Author : Charles E. Baukal Jr.
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-12-13
The John Zink Hamworthy Combustion Handbook written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-13 with Science categories.
Despite the length of time it has been around, its importance, and vast amounts of research, combustion is still far from being completely understood. Environmental, cost, and fuel consumption issues add further complexity, particularly in the process and power generation industries. Dedicated to advancing the art and science of industrial combusti
Industrial Combustion Testing
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Author : Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-07-29
Industrial Combustion Testing written by Charles E. Baukal, Jr. and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-29 with Science categories.
The first resource of its kind, this work compiles all of the latest testing techniques to serve as a comprehensive resource for those conducting tests in the field of industrial combustion. It serves the needs of practicing engineers, technicians, and researchers conducting experiments with industrial scale combustion equipment, and it will save researchers endless hours searching the literature. It includes numerous pictures, figures, graphs, and tables, as well as examples on how to apply the information. It includes valuable information on advanced diagnostics, burner and flare testing, and testing in combustors, including a variety of kilns, furnaces, and boilers.
Coal Fired Power Generation Handbook
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Author : James G. Speight
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-05-21
Coal Fired Power Generation Handbook written by James G. Speight and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The most complete and up-to-date handbook on power generation from coal, this book covers all of today's new, cleaner methods for creating electricity from coal, the environmental challenges and concerns involved in its production, and developing technologies Coal accounts for approximately one quarter of world energy consumption. Of the coal produced worldwide, approximately 65% is shipped to electricity producers and 33% to industrial consumers, and most of the remainder goes to consumers in the residential and commercial sectors. The total share of total world energy consumption by coal is expected to increase to almost 30% in 2035. This handbook describes the challenges and steps by which electricity is produced from coal and deals with the challenges for removing the environmental objections to the use of coal in future power plants. New technologies are described that could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants that are released when coal is burned for electricity generation. In addition, technologies for the capture of greenhouse gases emitted from coal-fired power plants are described and the means of preventing such emissions from contributing to global warming concerns.