P S Theocaris E E Gdoutos Matrix Theory Of Photoelasticity
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Matrix Theory Of Photoelasticity
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Author : Pericles S. Theocaris
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Matrix Theory Of Photoelasticity written by Pericles S. Theocaris and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Photoelasticity as an experimental method for analyzing stress fields in mechanics was developed in the early thirties by the pioneering works of Mesnager in France and Coker and Filon in England. Almost concurrently, Föppl, Mesmer, and Oppel in Germany contributed significantly to what turned out to be an amazing development. Indeed, in the fifties and sixties a tremendous number of scientific papers and monographs appeared, all over the world, dealing with various aspects of the method and its applications in experimental stress analysis. All of these contributions were based on the so-called Neumann-Maxwell stress-opticallaw; they were developed by means of the classical methods of vector analysis and analytic geometry, using the conventionallight-vector concept. This way of treating problems of mechanics by photoelasticity indicated many shortcomings and drawbacks of this classical method, especially when three-dimensional problems of elasticity had to be treated and when complicated load and geometry situations existed. Meanwhile, the idea of using the Poincare sphere for representing any polarization profile in photoelastic applications was introduced by Robert in France and Aben in the USSR, in order to deal with problems of polarization oflight passing through aseries of optical elements (retarders andjor rotators). Although the Poincare-sphere presentation of any polarization profile con stitutes a powerful and elegant method, it exhibits the difficulty of requiring manipulations in three-dimensional space, on the surface of the unit sphere. However, other graphical methods have been developed to bypass this difficulty.
P S Theocaris E E Gdoutos Matrix Theory Of Photoelasticity
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Author : Perikles Stauru Theochares
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
P S Theocaris E E Gdoutos Matrix Theory Of Photoelasticity written by Perikles Stauru Theochares and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.
Photon Correlation Techniques In Fluid Mechanics
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Author : E.O. Schulz-Dubois
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Photon Correlation Techniques In Fluid Mechanics written by E.O. Schulz-Dubois and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Photon correlation is a kind of spectroscopy designed to identify optical frequency shifts and line-broadening effects in the range of many MHz down to a few Hz. The optical intensity is measured in terms of single photon detection events which result in current pulses at the output of photomulti plier tubes. This signal is processed in real time in a special-purpose paral lel processor known as a correlator. The resulting photon correlation func tion, a function in the time domain, contains the desired spectral informa tion, which may be extracted by a suitable algorithm. Due to the non-intrusive nature and the sound theoretical basis of photon correlation, the phenomena under study are not disturbed, and the parameters in question can be precisely evaluated. For these reasons photon correlation has become a valuable and in many instances indispensable technique in two distinct fields. One of these is velocimetry in fluid flow. This includes hydro- and aerodynamic processes in liquids, gases, or flames where the velo city field may be stationary, time periodic, or turbulent, and may range from micrometers per second for motion inside biological cells to one kilometer per second for supersonic flow. The other major field is stochastic particle propagation due to Brownian motion.
Optics And Lasers
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Author : Matt Young
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Optics And Lasers written by Matt Young and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In this newest edition of Optics and Lasers, I have added a substantial number of problems and moved most of the older ones to the end of the book. There are now about one hundred problems, which, I hope, will make the book more useful in the classroom. As before, some of the problems derive an espe cially important or useful result; these I have left integrated within the body of the book. In such cases, I state the result and, often, give it an equation number and a citation in the index. Teachers who adopt the book may obtain solutions to the problems by asking me for them on letterhead stationery. In addition, I have rewritten over a dozen paragraphs to improve their clarity or precision and, further , corrected minor errors of punctuation and taken care of other such small details. The field of optics has been changing greatly for almost two dozen years. Partly because of the applied or engineering nature of much of modern optics, there has been a need for a practical text that surveys the entire field. Such a book should not be a classical-optics text, but, rather , it should be strong on principles, applications and instrumentation, on lasers, holography and coherent light, and on optical-fiber waveguides. On the other hand, it should concern itself relatively little with such admittedly interesting phenomena as the formation of the rainbow or the precise determination of the speed of light.
Silver Halide Recording Materials
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Author : Hans I. Bjelkhagen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Silver Halide Recording Materials written by Hans I. Bjelkhagen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
"Silver-Halide Recording Materials" gives a detailed analysis of the theory,the characteristics, the manufacturing, and the processing methods of silver-halide materials used for the recording of holograms. Emphasis is placed on the selection of suitable silver-halide materials for conventional as well as special holographic applications. A detailed accountof current developing and bleaching mehtods used in the production of silver-halide holograms is given. The author also supplies a large number of recipes for diffeerent types of processing baths. The text is complemented by a comprehensive list of references which will facilitate anyfurther study. The monograph will be suitable for courses in holography, where the student possesses some background knowledge as regards the general holographic process and the holographic technique.
X Ray Microscopy Ii
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Author : David Sayre
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-05
X Ray Microscopy Ii written by David Sayre and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-05 with Science categories.
This volume is based on papers presented at the International Symposium on X-Ray Microscopy held at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, August 31-September 4, 1987. Previous recent symposia on the sub ject were held in New York in 1979, Gottingen in 1983 and Taipei in 1986. Developments in x-ray microscopy continue at a rapid pace, with im portant advances in all major areas: x-ray sources, optics and components, and microscopes and imaging systems. Taken as a whole, the work pre sented here emphasizes three major directions: (a) improvements in the capability and image-quality of x-ray microscopy, expressed principally in systems attached to large, high-brightness x-ray sources; (b) greater access to x-ray microscopy, expressed chiefly in systems employing small, often pulsed, x-ray sources; and (c) increased rate of exploration of applications of x-ray microscopy. The number of papers presented at the symposium has roughly dou bled compared with that of its predecessors. While we are delighted at this growth as a manifestation of vitality and rapid growth of the field, we did have to ask the authors to limit the length of their papers and to submit them in camera-ready form. We thank the authors for their con tributions and for their efforts in adhering to the guidelines on manuscript preparation.
Lasers Spectroscopy And New Ideas
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Author : William M. Yen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Lasers Spectroscopy And New Ideas written by William M. Yen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
This volume originated in a happy event honoring Arthur Schawlow on his 65th birthday. As a research physicist, Schawlow has been a major infiuence on the present nature of physics and of high technology. He has also had a role, through the American Physical Society and other organizations, in shaping policy for the world of physicists. Important as these professional activities have been, the contributions to this volume were not prepared just for these reasons, but more for Art Schawlow the friend, colleague, and teacher. I am one who has had the privilege of knowing and collaborating with Art, probably over a longer period of time than others participating in this volume, and in a number of different enterprises; his friendship and stimulating scientific abilities are a very significant part of my own life. It is hence a pleasure to take part in this volume celebrating his contributions to science and to scientists. Schawlow's career has been geographically centered at the University of Toronto, Columbia University, the Bell Telephone Laboratories, and Stan ford University. But, as is illustrated by the papers of this volume, its effects and his personal infiuence have diffused widely. In his own work, Art Schawlow is noted for thoughtful imagination, keen physical intuition, and what might be thought an interest in gadgets - not just any gadgets, but beautiful and innovative mechanisms or new techniques in which he charac teristically recognizes important potentials.
Single Mode Fibers
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Author : Ernst-Georg Neumann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Single Mode Fibers written by Ernst-Georg Neumann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
Single-mode fibers are the most advanced means of transmitting information, since they provide extremely low attenuation and very high bandwidths. At present, long distance communication by single-mode fibers is cheaper than by conventional copper cables, and in the future single-mode fibers will also be used in the subscriber loop. Since single-mode fibers have many applications, a variety of people need to understand this modern transmission medium. How ever, waveguiding in single-mode fibers is much more difficult to understand than waveguiding in copper lines. A single-mode fiber is a dielectric waveguide operated at optical wave lengths. Since 1961, I have been involved in experimental and theoretical re search on dielectric rod waveguides in the microwave region. From the experi ments, I learned much about the properties of a wave guided by a dielectric rod or a glass fiber, especially about its behavior at waveguide discontinuities like bends, gaps, or the waveguide end. Since 1972, my co-workers and I have also been investigating dielectric waveguides at optical frequencies, and since 1973 I have lectured on "Optical Communications". These activities have shown that there is a need for a tutorial introduction to the new technical field of single mode fibers. In this book the physical fundamentals are emphasized and the mathematics is limited to the absolutely necessary subjects. Besides presenting a physical explanation of waveguiding in single-mode fibers, it is also the aim of this book to give an overview of the knowledge accumulated in this field.
Photorefractive Crystals In Coherent Optical Systems
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Author : Mikhail P. Petrov
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Photorefractive Crystals In Coherent Optical Systems written by Mikhail P. Petrov and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
This book describes the processes of optical information recording in photorefractive crystals and applications of these materials in phase-conjugating devices, holographic interferometry, optical computers and sensors. It is in essence an extensive introduction to this new and rapidly developing area of quantum electronics. It presents physical concepts, fundamentals of theory, and important experimental data. A rigorous treatment of basic phenomena is accompanied by a quantitative analysis, which makes the book interesting to experts and accessible for newcomers to the field. Of particular interest to researchers is an extensive summary of basic physical and holographic parameters of all presently known photorefractive crystals and structures and also a detailed critical analysis of their applications.
X Ray Spectroscopy
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Author : Bipin K. Agarwal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-06-29
X Ray Spectroscopy written by Bipin K. Agarwal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
X-ray spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool in research and in industrial laboratories. It is used in the study of metals, semiconductors, amorphous solids, liquids and gases. This comprehensive presentation develops the subject from its basic principles and relates the theory to experimental observations. The new edition includes topics that have recently become important, for example, the X-ray laser, appearance potential spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation and EXAFS of high-Tc superconducting materials. A thorough introduction, up to research level, isprovided to EXAFS, which has seen rapid development in the past few years. This textbook conveniently presents the principles, applications and current techniques of X-ray spectroscopy, which makes it ideal for graduate students beginning research involving x-ray spectroscopy.