Pairing In Fermionic Systems
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Pairing In Fermionic Systems Basic Concepts And Modern Applications
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Author : Armen Sedrakian
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2006-11-29
Pairing In Fermionic Systems Basic Concepts And Modern Applications written by Armen Sedrakian and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-29 with Science categories.
Cooper pairing of fermions is a profound phenomenon that has become very important in many different areas of physics in the recent past. This book brings together, for the first time, experts from various fields involving Cooper pairing, at the level of BCS theory and beyond, including the study of novel states of matter such as ultracold atomic gases, nuclear systems at the extreme, and quark matter with application to neutron stars. Cross-disciplinary in nature, the book will be of interest to physicists in many different specialties, including condensed matter, nuclear, high-energy, and astrophysics. The emphasis is on novel issues beyond ordinary BCS theory such as pairing in asymmetric systems, the polarization effect, and higher spin pairing. These topics are rarely treated at the textbook level and all of them are the subjects of intensive ongoing research. The book also considers various new techniques widely used in current research that differ significantly from the conventional condensed matter approaches described in the standard literature.
Simple Models Of Many Fermion Systems
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Author : Joachim Alexander Maruhn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-05-17
Simple Models Of Many Fermion Systems written by Joachim Alexander Maruhn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-17 with Science categories.
The term “ nite Fermi systems” usually refers to systems where the fermionic nature of the constituents is of dominating importance but the nite spatial extent also cannot be ignored. Historically the prominent examples were atoms, molecules, and nuclei. These should be seen in contrast to solid-state systems, where an in nite extent is usually a good approximation. Recently, new and different types of nite Fermi systems have become important, most noticeably metallic clusters, quantum dots, fermion traps, and compact stars. The theoretical description of nite Fermi systems has a long tradition and dev- oped over decades from most simple models to highly elaborate methods of ma- body theory. In fact, nite Fermi systems are the most demanding ground for theory as one often does not have any symmetry to simplify classi cation and as a possibly large but always nite particle number requires to take into account all particles. In spite of the practical complexity, most methods rely on simple and basic schemes which can be well understood in simple test cases. We therefore felt it a timely undertaking to offer a comprehensive view of the underlying theoretical ideas and techniques used for the description of such s- tems across physical disciplines. The book demonstrates how theoretical can be successively re ned from the Fermi gas via external potential and mean- eld m- els to various techniques for dealing with residual interactions, while following the universality of such concepts like shells and magic numbers across the application elds.
Fifty Years Of Nuclear Bcs Pairing In Finite Systems
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Author : Ricardo Americo Broglia
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013-01-18
Fifty Years Of Nuclear Bcs Pairing In Finite Systems written by Ricardo Americo Broglia and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-18 with Science categories.
This unique volume reviews more than fifty years of theoretical and experimental developments of the concept that properties of atomic nuclei up to a great extent are defined by the pair correlations of nuclear constituents — protons and neutrons. Such correlations in condensed matter are responsible for quantum phenomena on a macroscopic level — superfluidity and superconductivity. After introducing Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity of metals, it became clear that atomic nuclei have properties of superfluid drops, and practically all features of nuclei strongly depend on the pair correlations. Presenting a comprehensive overview of the progress of nuclear science, the contributions from leading physicists around the world, cover the whole spectrum of studies in nuclear physics and physics of other small systems. With the most updated information written in an accessible way, the volume will serve as an irreplaceable source of references covering many years of development and insight into several new problems at the frontiers of science. It will be useful not only for physicists working in nuclear and condensed matter physics, astrophysicists, chemists and historians of science, but will also help students understand the current status and perspectives for the future.
Recent Progress In Many Body Theories
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Author : Jordi Boronat
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2008
Recent Progress In Many Body Theories written by Jordi Boronat and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Science categories.
This volume contains the main contributions to the 14th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories (RPMBT14) held at the Technical University of Catalonia, Spain, in July 2007. This conference, which was first held in Trieste in 1979, is devoted to new developments in the field of many-body theories, which are being applied and developed in a rapidly growing number of fields. The emphasis is twofold: progress in the technical aspects of microscopic theories and a review of recent applications of many-body techniques. In addition to the more traditional topics, such as nuclear physics and quantum liquids, the present volume also includes the most recent results on atomic physics, cold Bose and Fermi gases, phase transitions and quantum information. Moreover, the volume contains the lectures of the winners of the 2007 Feenberg Medal and 2007 Kuemmel Award, as well as their laudatios.
Phase Space Methods For Degenerate Quantum Gases
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Author : Bryan J. Dalton
language : en
Publisher: International Monographs on Ph
Release Date : 2015
Phase Space Methods For Degenerate Quantum Gases written by Bryan J. Dalton and has been published by International Monographs on Ph this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Science categories.
Recent experimental progress has enabled cold atomic gases to be studied at nano-kelvin temperatures, creating new states of matter where quantum degeneracy occurs - Bose-Einstein condensates and degenerate Fermi gases. Such quantum states are of macroscopic dimensions. This book presents the phase space theory approach for treating the physics of degenerate quantum gases, an approach already widely used in quantum optics. However, degenerate quantum gases involve massive bosonic and fermionic atoms, not massless photons. The book begins with a review of Fock states for systems of identical atoms, where large numbers of atoms occupy the various single particle states or modes. First, separate modes are considered, and here the quantum density operator is represented by a phase space distribution function of phase space variables which replace mode annihilation, creation operators, the dynamical equation for the density operator determines a Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function, and measurable quantities such as quantum correlation functions are given as phase space integrals. Finally, the phase space variables are replaced by time dependent stochastic variables satisfying Langevin stochastic equations obtained from the Fokker-Planck equation, with stochastic averages giving the measurable quantities. Second, a quantum field approach is treated, the density operator being represented by a distribution functional of field functions which replace field annihilation, creation operators, the distribution functional satisfying a functional FPE, etc. A novel feature of this book is that the phase space variables for fermions are Grassmann variables, not c-numbers. However, we show that Grassmann distribution functions and functionals still provide equations for obtaining both analytic and numerical solutions. The book includes the necessary mathematics for Grassmann calculus and functional calculus, and detailed derivations of key results are provided.
Novel Superfluids
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Author : K. H. Bennemann
language : en
Publisher: International Monographs on Ph
Release Date : 2014
Novel Superfluids written by K. H. Bennemann and has been published by International Monographs on Ph this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Science categories.
Volume 2 of Novel Superfluids continues the presentation of recent results on superfluids, including novel metallic systems, superfluid liquids, and atomic/molecular gases of bosons and fermions, particularly when trapped in optical lattices. Since the discovery of superconductivity (Leyden, 1911), superfluid 4He (Moscow and Cambridge, 1937), superfluid 3He (Cornell, 1972), and observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of a gas (Colorado and MIT, 1995), the phenomenon of superfluidity has remained one of the most important topics in physics. Again and again, novel superfluids yield surprising and interesting behaviors. The many classes of metallic superconductors, including the high temperature perovskite-based oxides, MgB2, organic systems, and Fe-based pnictides, continue to offer challenges. The technical applications grow steadily. What the temperature and field limits are remains illusive. Atomic nuclei, neutron stars and the Universe itself all involve various aspects of superfluidity, and the lessons learned have had a broad impact on physics as a whole.
Introduction To Solid State Physics And Crystalline Nanostructures
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Author : Giuseppe Iadonisi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-06-13
Introduction To Solid State Physics And Crystalline Nanostructures written by Giuseppe Iadonisi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-13 with Science categories.
This textbook provides conceptual, procedural, and factual knowledge on solid state and nanostructure physics. It is designed to acquaint readers with key concepts and their connections, to stimulate intuition and curiosity, and to enable the acquisition of competences in general strategies and specific procedures for problem solving and their use in specific applications. To these ends, a multidisciplinary approach is adopted, integrating physics, chemistry, and engineering and reflecting how these disciplines are converging towards common tools and languages in the field. Each chapter discusses essential ideas before the introduction of formalisms and the stepwise addition of complications. Questions on everyday manifestations of the concepts are included, with reasoned linking of ideas from different chapters and sections and further detail in the appendices. The final section of each chapter describes experimental methods and strategies that can be used to probe the phenomena under discussion. Solid state and nanostructure physics is constantly growing as a field of study where the fascinating quantum world emerges and otherwise imaginary things can become real, engineered with increasing creativity and control: from tinier and faster technologies realizing quantum information concepts, to understanding of the fundamental laws of Physics. Elements of Solid State Physics and of Crystalline Nanostructures will offer the reader an enjoyable insight into the complex concepts of solid state physics.
Optical Trapping And Manipulation Of Neutral Particles Using Lasers A Reprint Volume With Commentaries
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Author : Arthur Ashkin
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2006-12-29
Optical Trapping And Manipulation Of Neutral Particles Using Lasers A Reprint Volume With Commentaries written by Arthur Ashkin and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-29 with Science categories.
This important volume contains selected papers and extensive commentaries on laser trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using radiation pressure forces. Such techniques apply to a variety of small particles, such as atoms, molecules, macroscopic dielectric particles, living cells, and organelles within cells. These optical methods have had a revolutionary impact on the fields of atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, and many aspects of nanotechnology.In atomic physics, the trapping and cooling of atoms down to nanokelvins and even picokelvin temperatures are possible. These are the lowest temperatures in the universe. This made possible the first demonstration of Bose-Einstein condensation of atomic and molecular vapors. Some of the applications are high precision atomic clocks, gyroscopes, the measurement of gravity, cryptology, atomic computers, cavity quantum electrodynamics and coherent atom lasers.A major application in biophysics is the study of the mechanical properties of the many types of motor molecules, mechanoenzymes, and other macromolecules responsible for the motion of organelles within cells and the locomotion of entire cells. Unique in vitro and in vivo assays study the driving forces, stepping motion, kinetics, and efficiency of these motors as they move along the cell's cytoskeleton. Positional and temporal resolutions have been achieved, making possible the study of RNA and DNA polymerases, as they undergo their various copying, backtracking, and error correcting functions on a single base pair basis.Many applications in nanotechnology involve particle and cell sorting, particle rotation, microfabrication of simple machines, microfluidics, and other micrometer devices. The number of applications continues to grow at a rapid rate.The author is the discoverer of optical trapping and optical tweezers. With his colleagues, he first demonstrated optical levitation, the trapping of atoms, and tweezer trapping and manipulation of living cells and biological particles.This is the only review volume covering the many fields of optical trapping and manipulation. The intention is to provide a selective guide to the literature and to teach how optical traps really work.
Perturbation Theory
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Author : Giuseppe Gaeta
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-12-16
Perturbation Theory written by Giuseppe Gaeta and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-16 with Science categories.
This volume in the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition, is devoted to the fundamentals of Perturbation Theory (PT) as well as key applications areas such as Classical and Quantum Mechanics, Celestial Mechanics, and Molecular Dynamics. Less traditional fields of application, such as Biological Evolution, are also discussed. Leading scientists in each area of the field provide a comprehensive picture of the landscape and the state of the art, with the specific goal of combining mathematical rigor, explicit computational methods, and relevance to concrete applications. New to this edition are chapters on Water Waves, Rogue Waves, Multiple Scales methods, legged locomotion, Condensed Matter among others, while all other contributions have been revised and updated. Coverage includes the theory of (Poincare’-Birkhoff) Normal Forms, aspects of PT in specific mathematical settings (Hamiltonian, KAM theory, Nekhoroshev theory, and symmetric systems), technical problems arising in PT with solutions, convergence of series expansions, diagrammatic methods, parametric resonance, systems with nilpotent real part, PT for non-smooth systems, and on PT for PDEs [write out this acronym partial differential equations]. Another group of papers is focused specifically on applications to Celestial Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics and the related semiclassical PT, Quantum Bifurcations, Molecular Dynamics, the so-called choreographies in the N-body problem, as well as Evolutionary Theory. Overall, this unique volume serves to demonstrate the wide utility of PT, while creating a foundation for innovations from a new generation of graduate students and professionals in Physics, Mathematics, Mechanics, Engineering and the Biological Sciences.
Effective Non Hermiticity And Topology In Markovian Quadratic Bosonic Dynamics
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Author : Vincent Paul Flynn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-04-18
Effective Non Hermiticity And Topology In Markovian Quadratic Bosonic Dynamics written by Vincent Paul Flynn and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-18 with Science categories.
This thesis provides an in-depth investigation of effective non-Hermiticity and topology in many-mode, non-interacting, bosonic systems. It also establishes the extent to which one must move beyond the Hamiltonian, closed-system setting, in order to uncover signatures of genuine symmetry-protected topological (SPT) physics in "free" (mean-field) bosons. While SPT phases of free fermionic matter and their associated zero-energy boundary-localized modes have been thoroughly explored, similar physics in free bosonic systems still remains elusive. No fermionic counterpart exists for the distinctive dynamical behavior that arises from the effective non-Hermiticity, intrinsic even at equilibrium, to bosonic Hamiltonians. Therefore, a much needed paradigm shift is required to address major conceptual roadblocks in the search for SPT bosonic phases. The analysis within develops, in particular, the notion of topological metastability in quadratic bosonic systems subject to Markovian dissipation. The resulting dynamical paradigm was found to be characterized by both a sharp separation between transient and asymptotic dynamics and non-trivial topological invariants. It also features long-lived boundary-localized "Majorana boson" and "Dirac boson" modes, which realize tight bosonic analogues to the edge modes characteristic of fermionic SPT phases. This comprehensive look into non-interacting bosonic systems breaks important new ground for re-imagining quantum phenomena beyond equilibrium, with novel applications in quantum science.