Parallel Imports Drag Price Control And Pharmaceutical Innovation
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Parallel Imports Drag Price Control And Pharmaceutical Innovation
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Author : Ken Tabata
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Parallel Imports Drag Price Control And Pharmaceutical Innovation written by Ken Tabata and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Parallel Imports And Price Controls
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Author : Gene M. Grossman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Parallel Imports And Price Controls written by Gene M. Grossman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Economic policy categories.
Price controls create opportunities for international arbitrage. Many have argued that such arbitrage, if tolerated, will undermine intellectual property rights and dull the incentives for investment in research-intensive industries such as pharmaceuticals. We challenge this orthodox view and show, to the contrary, that the pace of innovation often is faster in a world with international exhaustion of intellectual property rights than in one with national exhaustion. The key to our conclusion is to recognize that governments will make different choices of price controls when parallel imports are allowed by their trade partners than they will when they are not.
The Conflicts Between Parallel Trade And Product Access And Innovation
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Author : Harvey E. Bale
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Conflicts Between Parallel Trade And Product Access And Innovation written by Harvey E. Bale and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
In this paper, the case is laid out for restricting parallel trade in products protected by intellectual property rights, and pharmaceuticals in particular. The paper responds to three arguments made in favor of open parallel trade by its proponents, focusing on F. Abbott`s First Report (Final) on the Subject of Parallel Importation, [Journal of International Economic Law 1, 607-636]. First, it is argued that in the case of patented products with high fixed costs (e.g., pharmaceuticals), parallel trade may decrease global economic welfare. Attention is drawn to price controls within the EU member states as a distortion which is inconsistent with open market principles, yet not adequately accounted for by EU regulatory organs in the context of its intra-Union exhaustion rules. It is also suggested that rules restricting parallel trade are a necessary corollary to pharmaceutical price discrimination in favor of developing countries, which practice discrimination is advocated by international institutions such as the World Health Organization. Finally, the paper indicates that restrictions on parallel trade in the pharmaceutical sector are necessary to protect the public against risks arising from inadequate supervision of the secondary market, such as risks from inappropriate repackaging and inadequate storage and handling procedures, and counterfeit products.
Pricing And Welfare Implications Of Parallel Imports In The Pharmaceutical Industry
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Author : Catalina Bordoy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Pricing And Welfare Implications Of Parallel Imports In The Pharmaceutical Industry written by Catalina Bordoy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
A Practical Approach To Pharmaceutical Policy
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Author : Andreas Seiter
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2010-06-17
A Practical Approach To Pharmaceutical Policy written by Andreas Seiter and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-17 with Medical categories.
This book offers policy makers a hands-on approach, tested in the World Bank’s field work in many countries, for developing policies that improve access to safe, effective medicines in health systems of low- and middle-income economies.
Assuring The Quality Of Health Care In The European Union
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Author : Helena Legido-Quigley
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2008
Assuring The Quality Of Health Care In The European Union written by Helena Legido-Quigley and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Medical categories.
People have always travelled within Europe for work and leisure, although never before with the current intensity. Now, however, they are travelling for many other reasons, including the quest for key services such as health care. Whatever the reason for travelling, one question they ask is "If I fall ill, will the health care I receive be of a high standard?" This book examines, for the first time, the systems that have been put in place in all of the European Union's 27 Member States. The picture it paints is mixed. Some have well developed systems, setting standards based on the best available evidence, monitoring the care provided, and taking action where it falls short. Others need to overcome significant obstacles.
Global Trends 2040
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Author : National Intelligence Council
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Release Date : 2021-03
Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and has been published by Cosimo Reports this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03 with categories.
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Competitive Strategies For The Protection Of Intellectual Property
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Author : Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
language : en
Publisher: The Fraser Institute
Release Date : 1999
Competitive Strategies For The Protection Of Intellectual Property written by Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) and has been published by The Fraser Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Competition categories.
Asian Development Outlook 2020
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2020-04-01
Asian Development Outlook 2020 written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
After a disappointing 2019, growth prospects in developing Asia have worsened under the impact of the current health crisis. Signs of incipient recovery near the turn of this year were quickly overthrown as COVID-19 broke out in January 2020 in the region’s largest economy and subsequently expanded into a global pandemic. Disruption to regional and global supply chains, trade, and tourism, and the continued spread of the outbreak, leave the region reeling under massive economic shocks and financial turmoil. Across Asia, the authorities are responding with policies to contain the outbreak, facilitate medical interventions, and support vulnerable businesses and households. Assuming that the outbreak is contained this year, growth is expected to recover in 2021. Especially to face down fundamental threats such as the current medical emergency, innovation is critical to growth and development. As some economies in developing Asia challenge the innovation frontier, many others lag. More and better innovation is needed in the region to sustain growth that is more inclusive and environmentally sustainable. Five key drivers of innovation are sound education, productive entrepreneurship, high-quality institutions, efficient financial systems, and dynamic cities that excite knowledge exchange. The journey to creating an innovative society takes long-term commitment and hard work.
Measuring The Gains From Medical Research
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Author : Kevin M. Murphy
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-04-15
Measuring The Gains From Medical Research written by Kevin M. Murphy and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-15 with Medical categories.
In 1998, health expenditures in the United States accounted for 12.9% of national income-the highest share of income devoted to health in the developed world. The United States also spends more on medical research than any other country-in 2000, the federal government dedicated $18.4 billion to it, compared with only $3.7 billion for the entire European Union. In this book, leading health economists ask whether we are getting our money's worth. From an economic perspective, they find, the answer is a resounding "yes": in fact, considering the extraordinary value of improvements to health, we may even be spending too little on medical research. The evidence these papers present and the conclusions they reach are both surprising and convincing: that growth in longevity since 1950 has been as valuable as growth in all other forms of consumption combined; that medical advances producing 10% reductions in mortality from cancer and heart disease alone would add roughly $10 trillion-a year's GDP-to the national wealth; or that the average new drug approved by the FDA yields benefits worth many times its cost of development. The papers in this book are packed with these and many other surprising revelations, their sophisticated analysis persuasively demonstrating the massive economic benefits we can gain from investments in medical research. For anyone concerned about the cost and the value of such research-from policy makers to health care professionals and economists-this will be a landmark book.